# 作文百句 26\~50
## 26.
1. Fake news **deliberately** tries to **mislead** people **into** believing something is true when it actually isn't. Generally speaking, fake news appears online and looks like a **genuine** news report. I once **got fooled** by a news **article** I read in a Facebook group, in which the writer **alleged** that a politician I didn't like was **accepting bribes**.
2. I shared it on my own Facebook page, but **no sooner had I done so than people pointed out** the story was obviously false. I felt embarrassed, and since then I've followed the **motto** that I **cannot be too careful** when it comes to online information.
3. There are several ways to **spot** fake news. First, consider the **source**. If the **article** doesn't come from a real or **reliable** news site, it's likely fake. You can also use the Internet to search for the author's name to find out whether they're a real **journalist**. If you have any doubts about a story, don't share it online. What's more, if you see other people sharing fake news, you can leave a **comment** with **proof** that it's fake. In these ways, you can **prevent** fake news **from** spreading.
作文百句 26 單字整理
## 單字
* Mislead (v.) 誤導、使誤入歧途
* 詞源為 `mis-` (錯誤) + `lead` (引導)。常用結構為 `mislead sb into Ving` (誤導某人去做某事)。其過去式與過去分詞為 `misled`。
* The advertisement was criticized for trying to mislead consumers into buying low-quality products. (這則廣告因試圖誤導消費者購買低品質產品而受到批評。)
* Don't let his friendly appearance mislead you; he is actually a very cunning businessman. (不要讓他的友好外表誤導你；他實際上是一個非常狡猾的商人。)
* Genuine (adj.) 真正的、真誠的、非偽造的
* We were surprised to find out that the diamond ring was not genuine but a cheap imitation. (我們驚訝地發現那枚鑽石戒指不是真的，而是廉價的仿製品。)
* He showed genuine concern for his friend's health and visited him in the hospital every day. (他對朋友的健康表示出真誠的關心，每天都去醫院探望他。)
* Fool
* (v.) 愚弄、欺騙
* `fool around` 表「胡鬧」、「浪費時間」。
* I was completely fooled by his professional appearance and didn't realize he was a scammer. (我完全被他專業的外表給騙了，沒意識到他是個詐騙犯。)
* Don't fool around with your health; you should see a doctor if the pain continues. (不要拿你的健康開玩笑；如果疼痛持續，你應該去看醫生。)
* (n.) 傻瓜、笨蛋
* `make a fool of oneself` 表「出洋相」、「鬧笑話」。
* He felt like a fool after realizing that everyone else knew about the surprise party except him. (在意識到除了他之外每個人都知道驚喜派對後，他覺得自己像個傻瓜。)
* Article (n.) 報導；文章；條目；冠詞
* I read an interesting article in the magazine about how to improve memory through diet. (我在雜誌上讀到一篇關於如何透過飲食提高記憶力的有趣文章。)
* The lawyer pointed out that the third article of the contract was unclear and needed to be revised. (律師指出合約的第三條款不明確，需要修訂。)
* Allege (v.) 聲稱、斷言、宣稱
* 指在沒有提供確鑿證據的情況下宣稱某事。在新聞報導中常用於描述指控。常見用法為 `allege + that 子句` (聲稱...), `be alleged + to VR` (被指控...)。形容詞為 `alleged`，表「涉嫌的」。
* The employees alleged that they were forced to work long hours without any extra pay. (員工們聲稱他們被迫在沒有加班費的情況下長時間工作。)
* She is alleged to have stolen the money. (她被指控偷了錢。)
* It is alleged that the company has been dumping toxic waste into the river for years. (據稱該公司多年來一直向河中傾倒有毒廢棄物。)
* Politician (n.) 政治人物、政客
* The young politician promised to lower taxes and improve public transportation during his campaign. (那位年輕的政治家在競選期間承諾降低稅收並改善大眾運輸。)
* Many people are tired of politicians who make empty promises but never take any real action. (許多人對那些開出空頭支票卻從不採取實際行動的政客感到厭倦。)
* Bribe (n./v.) 賄賂、收買
* 當名詞時，常與 `offer` (提供), `take`/`accept` (接受、收受) 連用。
* The official was arrested for accepting bribes from a construction company. (該官員因接受一家建築公司的賄賂而被捕。)
* The detective refused to take a bribe and continued his investigation into the corruption case. (偵探拒絕收受賄賂，並繼續調查這起腐敗案。)
* He tried to bribe the guard to let him enter the building after hours. (他試圖賄賂警衛，以便在下班後進入大樓。)
* Motto (n.) 座右銘、格言、口號
* "Work hard and stay humble" has always been my personal motto in life. (「努力工作並保持謙遜」一直是我個人的人生座右銘。)
* Following his motto of "Never Give Up," he eventually succeeded after many failures. (遵循他「永不放棄」的座右銘，他在多次失敗後最終取得了成功。)
* Spot
* (v.) 看見、發現、辨認出
* It can be difficult to spot a fake designer handbag if you don't know what to look for. (如果你不知道要注意什麼，可能很難辨認出仿冒的名牌手提包。)
* The expert was able to spot the error in the financial report within minutes. (專家能夠在幾分鐘內發現財務報告中的錯誤。)
* (n.) 斑點、地點
* This is the perfect spot for a picnic because it has a beautiful view of the lake. (這裡是野餐的完美地點，因為它有美麗的湖景。)
* Consider (v.) 考慮、認為、思考
* 常用結構包括 `consider + V-ing` (考慮做某事) 以及 `consider A (to be) N/adj` (認為 A ...)。
* You should carefully consider the source of any news before you share it online. (在網路上分享任何新聞之前，你應該仔細考慮其來源。)
* We are considering moving to a new apartment that is closer to the city center. (我們正在考慮搬到一個離市中心更近的新公寓。)
* Many people consider him (to be) the greatest journalist of his generation. (許多人認為他是他那一代最偉大的記者。)
* `consideration` (n.) 考慮、體貼
* 常見用法為 `take sth into consideration` (將...納入考量)。
* Time is an important consideration in this case. (時間在這個案件中是一個重要的考量因素。)
* Please take my feelings into consideration before you make the final decision. (在你做最後決定前，請考慮一下我的感受。)
* `considerable` (adj.) 相當多的、重要的
* There has been a considerable increase in sales. (銷售額有了顯著的增長。)
* He is a considerable figure in the company. (他是公司裡相當重要的人物。)
* `considerate` (adj.) 體貼的、細心的
* It was very considerate of you to help her move. (你幫她搬家真是太體貼了。)
* He's always been considerate towards his colleagues. (他對同事總是很體貼。)
* Reliable (adj.) 可靠的、可信賴的
* 動詞形為 `rely` (依賴)。
* My old car is not very reliable, so I'm thinking of buying a new one before winter. (我的舊車不太可靠，所以我考慮在入冬前買一輛新車。)
* The weather forecast is usually reliable, but it's always good to have an umbrella just in case. (天氣預報通常是可靠的，但隨身帶把傘以防萬一總是好的。)
* Site (n.) 網站；地點、場所
* 與 `place` 相比，`site` 更常用於指稱「特定用途」的場所，如 `construction site` (建築工地), `historic site` (歷史古蹟)。
* This site is restricted to authorized personnel only due to safety concerns. (由於安全考量，此場所僅限授權人員進入。)
* The company is looking for a suitable site to build its new headquarters. (公司正在尋找合適的地點來建造新總部。)
* Journalist (n.) 記者、新聞工作者
* The journalist traveled to the war zone to report on the latest developments. (記者前往戰區報導最新的進展。)
* He has won several awards for his outstanding work as an investigative journalist. (他因其作為調查記者的卓越表現而獲得了多個獎項。)
* Proof (n.) 證明、證據
* `proof` 表「證據、證明」時，通常是不可數名詞；在數學或特定邏輯情境中，表示具體的「證明步驟、過程」時才可數，複數為 `proofs`。動詞形為 `prove` (證明)。
* Do you have any proof that you were at home when the crime was committed? (你有任何證明你在犯罪發生時待在家裡的證據嗎？)
* If you want to claim a refund, you must provide the original receipt as proof of purchase. (如果你想申請退款，你必須提供原始收據作為購買證明。)
* There are three different proofs for this theorem. (這條定理有三種不同的證明。)
* Comment (n./v.) 評論、意見；發表評論
* 常見用法為 `make a comment on/about N` 或 `comment on/about N`；`no comment` 表「無可奉告」，常用於拒絕回答媒體提問。
* His rude comments about her presentation made her feel very discouraged. (他對她簡報的粗魯評論讓她感到非常沮喪。)
* I'd like to make a comment on the new policy. (我想對這項新政策發表評論。)
* The professor declined to comment on the ongoing investigation until all the facts were clear. (在所有事實釐清之前，教授拒絕就正在進行的調查發表評論。)
* Prevent (v.) 預防；阻止；妨礙
* 常見用法為 `prevent N`, `prevent sb/sth from V-ing` (阻止某人/某事做某事)。名詞形為 `prevention`；形容詞為 `preventive`。
* Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent many chronic diseases. (規律運動和均衡飲食有助於預防許多慢性疾病。)
* The heavy snow prevented the plane from taking off on time. (大雪阻止了飛機準時起飛。)
* Spread (v./n.) 傳播、展開、散布；擴散、抹醬
* 三態同形：`spread` → `spread` → `spread`。`spread one's wings` 表「展翅高飛」、「嘗試新事物」。
* False information tends to spread much faster than the truth on the Internet. (在網路上，錯誤資訊的傳播速度往往比真相快得多。)
* She spread the tablecloth over the grass before we started our picnic. (在我們開始野餐前，她把桌巾鋪在草地上。)
* He decided to spread his wings and move to London to start a new career. (他決定展翅高飛，搬到倫敦開啟新的職業生涯。)
* The sudden spread of the virus led to a nationwide lockdown. (病毒的突然擴散導致了全國性的封鎖。)
作文百句 26 片語整理
## 片語
* Mislead sb into V-ing/N 誤導某人做某事、使某人誤信某事
* The deceptive advertisement misled thousands of people into buying the useless product. (那則具誤導性的廣告誤導了數千人去購買那個沒用的產品。)
* He tried to mislead the investors into believing that the company was highly profitable. (他試圖誤導投資者相信該公司非常有獲利能力。)
* The false evidence misled the police into a wrong conclusion. (假證據誤導警方得出錯誤的結論。)
* Generally speaking 一般而言
* 引導一個普遍的情況或概括性的結論，常置於**句首**。
* Generally speaking, students who read more books tend to have a wider vocabulary. (一般而言，閱讀更多書籍的學生往往擁有更廣的字彙量。)
* Generally speaking, the weather in Taiwan is quite humid during the summer months. (一般而言，台灣夏季月份的天氣相當潮濕。)
* Point out 指出、提醒、說明
* 後面通常接 `N` 或 `that 子句`。
* My sister pointed out the fake news site to me before I shared the post. (在我分享貼文前，我姐姐對我指出了那個假新聞網站。)
* It is important to point out the flaws in the logic of this argument. (指出這項論點邏輯中的缺陷是很重要的。)
* The editor pointed out that the article contained several factual errors about the bribe. (編輯指出該報導包含好幾處關於賄賂的錯誤事實。)
* My friend pointed out that I had a small stain on my shirt before I went on stage. (在我上台前，我的朋友提醒我襯衫上有個小污漬。)
* Follow the motto 遵循座右銘
* 除了 `follow`，還可以用 `live by` (以此格言生活)、`adopt` (採用)、`stick to` (堅持) 等動詞來搭配。
* I have always followed the motto that "Honesty is the best policy" in my daily life. (我在日常生活中一直遵循「誠實至上」這句座右銘。)
* He lives by the motto "Never Give Up," which helped him overcome many challenges. (他以此座右銘「永不放棄」來生活，這幫助他克服了許多挑戰。)
* Our company has adopted the motto of "Quality First" to ensure customer satisfaction. (我們公司採用了「品質第一」的口語，以確保客戶滿意。)
* Even in hard times, he stuck to his personal motto. (即使在艱難時刻，他仍堅持自己的座右銘。)
* Cannot be too careful 再怎麼小心也不為過
* 用來強調某事 (如安全、隱私) 的重要性，即使做到極致也不嫌多。
* You cannot be too careful when sharing personal information with strangers online. (在網路上與陌生人分享個人資訊時，再怎麼小心也不為過。)
* We cannot be too careful about hygiene when there is a flu outbreak. (當流感爆發時，我們對衛生再怎麼小心也不為過。)
* When it comes to N/V-ing 說到...、關於...、涉及到...
* 用於帶出一個特定的主題。
* When it comes to playing the piano, my little sister is a true prodigy. (說到彈鋼琴，我小妹是個真正的天才。)
* He is a very reliable person, especially when it comes to managing money. (他是一個非常可靠的人，特別是在管理金錢方面。)
* When it comes to pets, I love dogs more than cats. (說到寵物，我喜歡狗更勝於貓。)
* Search for 搜尋、尋找
* `search for + N` 的重點在於「尋找的目標物」；`search + 地點/範圍` 的重點在於「搜尋的場所」；`search + 地點 + for + N` 表「在某地搜尋某物」。
* He searched for a reliable news source to verify the information. (他尋找一個可靠的新聞來源以核實資訊。)
* The police searched the entire building but found no evidence of the bribe. (警察搜尋了整棟大樓，但沒發現賄賂的證據。)
* I searched my pockets for the car keys, but they were missing. (我搜尋口袋尋找車鑰匙，但它們不見了。)
* Leave a comment 留言、發表評論
* I decided to leave a comment about my own experience on the travel blog. (我決定在旅遊部落格上留下關於我自己經驗的評論。)
* Don't forget to leave a comment on the video if you enjoyed the content! (如果你喜歡這段內容，別忘了在影片下留言！)
* In + 方法 以...方式
* In this way, we can save a lot of money on electricity every month. (以此方式，我們每月可以在電費上省下很多錢。)
* He explained the process in a simple way. (他用簡單的方式解釋了這個過程。)
{% hint style="info" %}
`in a way` 表「在某種程度上」、「某方面來說」，可置於句首、句中或句尾。
* In a way, it's a good idea, but it has its drawbacks. (在某種程度上，這是一個好主意，但也有缺點。)
* Good service, in a way, sells our products. (在某種程度上，優質的服務可以促進產品的銷售。)
* I suppose I should be grateful, in a way. (我認為在某種程度上我應該表示感謝。)
{% endhint %}
* Prevent sb/sth from V-ing 阻止...免於...
* Wearing a seatbelt can prevent you from being seriously injured in a car accident. (繫安全帶可以防止你在車禍中受重傷。)
作文百句 26 文法整理
## 文法
* `No sooner ... than ...`
* 用於過去發生的事，表示「一...就...」。詳細介紹請參考[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-14-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* 文中 `no sooner had I done so than people pointed out...` = `I had no sooner done so than people pointed out...` (我剛做完就有人指出...)
### 雙重否定
字面意思是「不能太過...」。此強調寫法可用來表示「**無論做得多極致都不算過分**」，也就是「越...越好」或「再怎麼...也不為過」。除了 `cannot be too + Adj.`，也可以使用 `cannot + over-V` (如 `cannot overemphasize`) 來達成同樣的效果。以下提供大量使用此文法的例句。
* You **cannot be too careful** when driving on a slippery road during a storm. (在暴風雨中行駛於濕滑路面時，再怎麼小心也不為過。)
* We **cannot be too cautious** about sharing our private passwords with others. (對於與他人分享私人密碼，我們再怎麼謹慎也不為過。)
* One **cannot be too watchful** when walking alone in a dark alley at night. (深夜獨自走在黑暗巷弄時，再怎麼警覺也不為過。)
* The importance of environmental protection **cannot be overemphasized**. (環境保護的重要性再怎麼強調也不為過。)
* We **cannot value our friendship too much**, as it is the most precious thing in our lives. (我們再怎麼重視這份友誼也不為過，因為它是我們生命中最珍貴的東西。)
* The health of our children **cannot be too highly regarded** by the government. (政府對孩童健康的重視再怎麼高也不為過。)
* You **cannot be too polite** when you are asking someone for a great favor. (當你請求別人幫大忙時，再怎麼禮貌也不為過。)
* A scientist **cannot be too rigorous** when analyzing the data of an experiment. (科學家在分析實驗數據時，再怎麼嚴謹也不為過。)
* We **cannot be too patient** when teaching elderly people how to use new technology. (在教導長者如何使用新科技時，再怎麼有耐心都不為過。)
* You **cannot be too picky** about the quality of the water you drink every day. (對於每天飲用的水質，你再怎麼挑剔都不為過。)
* One **cannot take too many precautions** against the spread of infectious diseases. (對於預防傳染病的傳播，再怎麼多做預防措施也不為過。)
* We **cannot be too prepared** for the upcoming natural disasters. (對於即將到來的自然災害，我們再怎麼準備充分也不為過。)
作文百句 26 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文首段並非直接定義假新聞，而是先從假新聞的本質 (誤導) 切入，隨即引入作者自己被騙的真實案例。這種從客觀定義到主觀經歷的轉換，能迅速拉近與讀者的距離，讓讀者意識到自己也可能受騙。
第二段，作者細膩地描寫了自己分享假新聞後的尷尬情緒，並透過 `no sooner...than...` 這個高級倒裝句型，強化「一分享就被識破」的戲劇性。這段經歷直接引出了作者的座右銘：「再怎麼小心也不為過」，為後續的解決方案提供了強而有力的動機支撐。
最後一段，作者以 `First`、`also`、`What's more` 等連接詞，列舉了「檢查來源」、「搜尋作者」、「附證評論」等三種具體行動，讓讀者能了解遇到假新聞時該如何應對，並防止假新聞繼續傳播。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供與本文主題相關的一些詞彙。
* Verify (v.) 證實、核實
* 比 `check` 更正式，指透過證據或調查來確定某事的真實性。名詞形為 `verification`。
* The news agency refused to publish the report until they could verify the informant's claims. (通訊社在能證實線人的說法之前，拒絕發布該報導。)
* Users are encouraged to verify the authenticity of photos before sharing them online. (鼓勵用戶在網路上分享照片前，先核實其真實性。)
* Manipulate (v.) 操縱、控制
* 指為了自身利益，以不正當手段影響或控制他人、數據或輿論，有**負面含意**。
* Fake news is often used to manipulate public opinion during major elections. (假新聞常用於在大選期間操縱公眾輿論。)
* It is alarming how easily people’s emotions can be manipulated by viral videos. (人們的情緒如此容易被病毒式影片操縱，這令人擔憂。)
* Circulate (v.) 傳播、流通、循環
* 可用來描述謠言、資訊、空氣、血液、文件的傳遞。名詞形為 `circulation`。
* A rumor started to circulate that the company was going bankrupt. (公司即將破產的謠言開始傳開。)
* The fake image circulated widely on X before being flagged as manipulated. (那張假圖片在被標記為經過操縱之前，在 X 上廣泛傳播。)
* Open a window to allow the air to circulate. (打開窗戶讓空氣流通。)
* Blood circulates through the body. (血液在體內循環。)
* Circulate the document among the team. (將文件在團隊中傳閱。)
* Clickbait (n./adj./v.) 點擊誘餌、標題黨內容
* 詞源來自 `click` (點擊) + `bait` (魚餌)。指那些利用誇張、聳動或具誤導性的標題與縮圖，吸引用戶點擊連結以賺取流量的內容。作為名詞時，通常為**不可數名詞**。
* Don't click on that link; it's clearly clickbait designed to steal your personal information. (別點那個連結；那顯然是為了竊取你個人資訊而設計的點擊誘餌。)
* The article's clickbait title promised a secret to eternal youth, but it was just an ad for vitamins. (這篇文章的標題黨標題承諾了永保青春的祕訣，但其實只是維他命廣告。)
* Stop clickbaiting your readers with fake news. (別再用假新聞釣讀者的魚了。)
* Rage bait (n.) 憤怒誘餌、騙憤內容
* 詞源來自 `rage` (憤怒) + `bait` (魚餌)。這是一種比 `clickbait` 更具攻擊性的手段，特指為了引發大眾憤怒、爭論或反感而刻意製作的內容，因為憤怒往往能帶來最高的分享率與留言互動。通常為**不可數名詞**。
* 動詞形為 `rage-bait`。
* Social media algorithms often promote rage bait because it keeps users arguing in the comments section for hours. (社群媒體演算法常推廣騙憤內容，因為它能讓用戶在評論區爭論數小時。)
* Experienced Internet users can easily spot rage bait and choose to ignore it instead of reacting. (經驗豐富的網路用戶能輕易辨認出騙憤內容，並選擇無視而非做出反應。)
* She posted an unpopular opinion just to rage-bait her followers. (她發了一條不受歡迎的觀點，只是為了要釣怒她的追蹤者。)
* Media literacy (n. phr.) 媒體識讀能力
* `literacy` 表「讀寫能力、識字率」，是指一個人具備讀寫文字、理解及表達簡單句子的基本能力。
* Improving media literacy is essential for citizens to distinguish between facts and propaganda. (提升媒體識讀能力是公民辨別事實與政治宣傳的關鍵。)
* Schools should incorporate media literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the Internet safely. (學校應將媒體識讀納入課程，以幫助學生安全地使用網路。)
* Fact-check (v./n.) 事實查核
* You should fact-check the story with multiple reliable sources before believing it. (在相信那個故事之前，你應該用多個可靠來源進行事實查核。)
* The independent fact-check revealed that the statistics used in the speech were highly inaccurate. (獨立的事實查核顯示，演講中所使用的數據極其不準確。)
* Confirmation bias (n. phr.) 確認偏誤
* 指人們傾向於尋找、解釋或記住與自己既有觀點相符的資訊。
* Confirmation bias makes people more likely to believe fake news that supports their political views. (確認偏誤讓人們更容易相信支持其政治觀點的假新聞。)
* To be a critical thinker, one must be aware of their own confirmation bias. (要成為具備批判性思考的人，必須意識到自己的確認偏誤。)
* Echo chamber (n. phr.) 同溫層、回聲室效應
* Social media algorithms often trap users in an echo chamber, reinforcing their existing beliefs. (社群媒體演算法常將用戶困在同溫層中，強化他們既有的信念。)
* Stepping out of your echo chamber is the first step toward understanding different perspectives. (走出同溫層是理解不同觀點的第一步。)
* Critical thinking (n. phr.) 批判性思考
* Developing critical thinking skills is the best defense against being misled by online misinformation. (培養批判性思考能力是防止被網路錯誤資訊誤導的最佳防線。)
* The professor encouraged students to apply critical thinking to every article they read. (教授鼓勵學生對他們閱讀的每一篇文章應用批判性思考。)
* Out of context 斷章取義、脫離語境
* 指截取部分言論而忽略其背景，導致原意被歪曲。
* The candidate complained that his remarks were taken out of context by the media. (候選人抱怨他的言論被媒體斷章取義了。)
* Sharing a quote out of context can lead to serious misunderstandings and false accusations. (斷章取義地分享引言可能會導致嚴重的誤解和虛假指控。)
## 寫作建議
* 試著從一個與主題相關的**個人經歷**開啟文章，能更容易引起讀者共鳴。
* 提出解方時，可以從最基礎的「個人防範」開始，進階到「積極查核」，最後昇華到「社會責任」。這種**由己及人**的層次感能讓你的論述更具廣度。
## 27.
1. Many people in Taiwan visit fortune tellers **with a view to** **finding** out what the future **holds** for them. Others, however, don't believe in this kind of thing. I think one reason for its **popularity** is that it can provide some guidance when someone is **anxious about** their future or has a **crucial** decision to make.
2. Another reason is that it works as a kind of **counseling** service. People can go there to talk about the choices or difficulties they **are confronted with** and receive not only **comfort** but also a **positive response** that makes them feel they could make the right decision. If I am faced with a **dilemma concerning** my future after high school, I may visit a fortune teller.
3. **For one thing**, I am **curious about** how fortune telling works, and I want to know whether there is really someone who might know things about me and **predict** my future accurately. **For another**, talking to the fortune teller about my problem might help me find a solution myself. Getting my fortune **told** doesn't **commit** me **to** anything, so **there's no harm** in listening to another person's opinion as I try to make up my mind.
作文百句 27 單字整理
## 單字
* Fortune teller (n.) 算命師
* `fortune telling` (n.) 表「算命」。
* The fortune teller gazed into the crystal ball and began to predict my future. (算命師凝視著水晶球，開始預測我的未來。)
* Many people consider fortune telling a way to find peace of mind when facing uncertainty. (許多人認為算命是在面對不確定性時尋求內心平靜的一種方式。)
* Popularity (n.) 受歡迎、流行、普及
* 形容詞為 `popular`。
* The unexpected popularity of the new mobile game surprised the developers. (這款新手機遊戲出乎意料的受歡迎程度讓開發者感到驚訝。)
* The popularity of cycling as a hobby has increased significantly over the past few years. (騎單車作為一種愛好的普及程度在過去幾年裡顯著增加。)
* Guidance (n.) 指導、引導、諮詢
* The teacher provided valuable guidance to the students during the college application process. (老師在大學申請過程中為學生提供了寶貴的指導。)
* When I feel lost in my career, I often seek guidance from experienced mentors. (當我在職涯中感到迷惘時，我常向經驗豐富的導師尋求引導。)
* Anxious (adj.) 焦慮的、憂慮的、渴望的
* 常見搭配為 `be anxious about` (對...感到焦慮) 或 `be anxious to VR` (渴望做某事)。
* She felt very anxious about the results of her medical checkup. (她對自己的體檢結果感到非常焦慮。)
* The candidate was anxious to impress the interviewers with his professional skills. (那位應徵者渴望用他的專業技能給面試官留下深刻印象。)
* Crucial (adj.) 至關重要的、關鍵的
* 語氣比 `important` 更強烈。
* Making the right choice at this crucial moment will determine the success of the entire project. (在這個關鍵時刻做出正確的選擇將決定整個專案的成敗。)
* It is crucial to stay calm and focused when you are dealing with an emergency. (處理緊急情況時，保持冷靜和專注是至關重要的。)
* Counseling (n.) 諮商、建議
* 動詞形為 `counsel`。常用於心理諮商或專業建議服務。
* The university offers free psychological counseling services for all students. (這所大學為所有學生提供免費的心理諮商服務。)
* Career counseling can help individuals identify their strengths and find suitable job paths. (職涯諮商能幫助個人識別自己的優勢並找到合適的職業道路。)
* Service (n./v.) 服務、服役、維修；維護、保養
* (n.) 服務；服役；維修、保養
* `customer service` 表「客戶服務」，`in service` 表「在使用中」、「在服役中」。
* The hotel is famous for its excellent service and friendly staff. (這家飯店以其卓越的服務和友好的員工而聞名。)
* There is a regular bus service to the city. (有定期前往市區的公車班次。)
* He decided to join the military service right after graduating from college. (他決定大學畢業後立即去服兵役。)
* (v.) 維護、保養
* 常用於機械或車輛的保養。
* You should have your car serviced regularly to ensure its safety on the road. (你應該定期保養你的車，以確保其在道路上的安全。)
* Difficulty (n.) 困難、難點、困境
* 常見用法為 `have difficulty (in) Ving` 或 `have difficulty with sth` (做某事有困難)。複數形 `difficulties` 常指生活中的各種艱辛。
* I had great difficulty in understanding the complex grammar rules of this chapter. (我在理解這一章複雜的文法規則方面有很大的困難。)
* The company is facing serious financial difficulties due to the global economic crisis. (由於全球經濟危機，該公司正面臨嚴重的財務困境。)
* Confront (v.) 面對、對抗、面臨
* 常用於被動語態 `be confronted with`，表示「面臨 (困難、挑戰)」。
* We must confront the problem directly instead of trying to avoid it. (我們必須直接面對問題，而不是試圖逃避。)
* The small business was confronted with a serious financial crisis during the pandemic. (那家小企業在疫情期間面臨了嚴重的財務危機。)
* Comfort
* (n.) 安慰、慰藉；舒適
* 常見用法為 `take comfort in sth` (從某事中獲得慰藉)。`comfort food` 表「(難過或焦慮時食用的) 安慰食品、開心食品」。
* It brought her great comfort to know that her friends were supporting her. (知道朋友們在支持她，給了她莫大的安慰。)
* The soft pillows and warm blankets provided a lot of comfort on the cold night. (柔軟的枕頭和溫暖的毯子在寒冷的夜晚提供了許多舒適感。)
* I take comfort in knowing that I did my best. (我從知道我已盡力這點得到安慰。)
* Chicken soup has acquired the reputation of a folk remedy for colds and flus, and in many countries is considered a comfort food. (雞湯一直被認為是治療感冒和流感的民間偏方，在許多國家也被視為一種撫慰人心的食物。)
* (v.) 安慰；使舒適
* He tried to comfort his younger sister after she failed her driving test. (他在妹妹駕照考試不及格後試圖安慰她。)
* He comforted his back with soft cushions. (他用軟墊讓背部感覺舒適。)
* Dilemma (n.) 兩難、困境
* 常見用法為 `face a dilemma`, `be in a dilemma`。
* He faced a difficult dilemma between taking a high-paying job and following his passion for art. (他在接受一份高薪工作與追求對藝術的熱情之間面臨著艱難的抉擇。)
* The government is in a dilemma about whether to raise taxes or cut public spending. (政府在是否加稅或削減公共支出方面陷入了進退兩難的局面。)
* Concerning (prep.) 關於、涉及
* 相當於 `about` 或 `regarding`，但語氣較正式。
* The manager held a meeting to discuss some issues concerning the new company policy. (經理召開會議討論一些關於公司新政策的問題。)
* If you have any questions concerning your order, please contact our customer service team. (如果您有任何關於訂單的問題，請聯繫我們的客服團隊。)
* Curious (adj.) 好奇的、古怪的
* 常見用法為 `be curious about sth` (對...感到好奇) 或 `be curious to know` (渴望知道)。
* 名詞形為 `curiosity`，表「好奇心」。常見用法為 `out of curiosity` (出於好奇), `satisfy one's curiosity` (滿足好奇心)。
* **`Curiosity killed the cat.`** (好奇心殺死一隻貓) 表「過分好奇、愛管閒事或冒不必要的風險，會給自己帶來災禍」
* Children are naturally curious about the world around them. (孩子們天生對周遭的世界感到好奇。)
* I was curious to know why he decided to quit his high-paying job. (我很想知道他為什麼決定辭去高薪工作。)
* It was a curious coincidence that we met in a foreign country after ten years. (十年後我們在國外相遇，這是一個古怪的巧合。)
* I asked him the question out of curiosity. (我出於好奇問了他那個問題。)
* He did that because he wanted to satisfy his curiosity. (他這樣做是因為他想滿足自己的好奇心。)
* "I'm going to check what's in that locked room." "Don't. Curiosity killed the cat." (「我要去檢查那個鎖著的房間裡有什麼。」「別去。別太好奇。」)
* Predict (v.) 預測、預言
* 名詞形為 `prediction`。
* It is difficult to predict exactly how the stock market will perform next month. (很難準確預測下個月股市的表現會如何。)
* Economists predict that the inflation rate will continue to rise throughout the year. (經濟學家預測通貨膨脹率在全年將持續上升。)
* Accurately (adv.) 準確地、精確地
* 形容詞為 `accurate`。
* The scientist recorded the temperature of the chemical reaction accurately. (科學家精確地記錄了化學反應的溫度。)
* It is important to translate the original text accurately to avoid any misunderstandings. (準確地翻譯原文以避免任何誤解是很重要的。)
* Solution (n.) 解答、解決方案；溶液
* 常見用法為 `solution to a problem` (問題的解決方案)。
* There is no easy solution to the problem of global warming. (全球暖化問題沒有簡單的解決方案。)
* After hours of discussion, they finally came up with a creative solution. (經過數小時的討論，他們終於提出了一個有創意的解決方案。)
* To perform the experiment, you need to prepare a salt solution first. (為了進行實驗，你需要先準備鹽溶液。)
* Commit
* (v.) 承諾、投入、致力於
* 常見用法為 `commit sb/oneself to N/Ving`。名詞形為 `commitment`。
* He is not ready to commit to a serious relationship at this moment. (他現在還沒準備好要投入一段認真的感情。)
* The government has committed millions of dollars to improving public healthcare. (政府已撥款數百萬美元致力於改善公共醫療。)
* (v.) 犯 (罪)
* 常見用法為 `commit a crime`。
* He was sent to prison after he committed a series of bank robberies. (他在犯下一系列銀行搶案後被送進了監獄。)
* Harm (n./v.) 傷害、損害、危害
* `do harm to sb/sth` 表「對...造成傷害」。形容詞為 `harmful`。
* The scandal did a lot of harm to the actor’s professional reputation. (那起醜聞對這位演員的職業聲譽造成了很大損害。)
* I meant no harm by my comments; I was just trying to be honest. (我的評論沒有惡意；我只是想誠實一點。)
* Pollution from factories is harming the environment and the local wildlife. (工廠污染正在傷害環境和當地的野生動物。)
作文百句 27 片語整理
## 片語
* With a view to V-ing/N 為了...、以...為目的
* The government implemented the new policy with a view to reducing the unemployment rate. (政府實施新政策是為了降低失業率。)
* He moved to the city with a view to better career opportunities. (他搬到這座城市是為了尋求更好的職涯機會。)
* Sth hold for N 某事為...準備著、某事在未來等待著...
* 表達某種結果、經歷或事情正被「握在手中」，尚未揭曉。如文中的 `... what the future holds for them` 表「未來會如何」。
* Who knows what the new year holds for us? (誰知道新的一年為我們準備了什麼？)
* I wonder what the next chapter of my life holds for me. (我想知道我人生的下一個篇章會為我帶來什麼。)
* No one can truly predict what the future holds for the global economy. (沒有人能真正預測全球經濟的未來會如何。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### Have sth in store (for N) 為...準備著...、即將發生...
可以把剛才的 `hold for` 替換成這個片語。
* I think life has some great surprises in store for you. (我覺得生活為你準備了一些巨大的驚喜。)
* We don't know what the weather has in store for our picnic tomorrow. (我們不知道明天的天氣會為我們的野餐帶來什麼變化。)
* Be prepared, because the boss has a difficult task in store for the team. (做好準備，因為老闆為團隊準備了一項艱鉅的任務。)
{% endhint %}
* Believe in sth/sb 相信...的存在；信仰...；信任...
* 與單純的 `believe` (相信某人說的話) 不同，`believe in` 強調對某種價值、存在或能力的深層信念。
* Do you believe in God? (你相信上帝存在嗎？)
* You have to believe in yourself if you want to succeed in this competitive world. (如果你想在這個競爭激烈的世界取得成功，你必須相信自己。)
* Be faced/confronted with 面臨...、遭遇...、面對...
* `confronted with` 通常語氣稍強，帶有一種「被迫正面交鋒」的感覺。
* Every day we are faced with many choices. (我們每天都要面對許多的抉擇。)
* The company was confronted with unexpected legal issues during the merger. (公司在合併過程中遭遇了意想不到的法律問題。)
* Commit sb to sth/Ving 使某人承擔義務、使某人承諾做某事；致力於...
* 表前兩種意思時，在法律或合約語境中極為常用。
* Signing this contract will commit you to working with the company for three years. (簽署這份合約將使你承諾為公司工作三年。)
* The new law will commit the government to reducing carbon emissions by 50%. (新法律將使政府承擔起將碳排放量減少 50% 的義務。)
* She committed herself to learning Spanish. (她致力於學習西班牙語。)
* There is no harm in N/V-ing 做某事也無妨、無傷大雅
* 用於建議某種行動，暗示即使沒有預期的效果，也不會帶來負面影響。
* There's no harm in a little exaggeration. (稍微誇張一點也無妨。)
* There is no harm in trying out a new method if the old one isn't working. (如果舊的方法無效，嘗試一下新方法也無妨。)
* I think there's no harm in asking for a discount; the worst they can say is no. (我覺得詢問折扣也無妨；他們最糟也就是說不。)
* Make up one's mind 下定決心、做出決定
* 等同於 `decide` 或 `reach a decision`，但更強調在多個選項中最終定下心來的過程。
* I'm trying to make up my mind about which college I should attend next year. (我正努力下定決心明年應該讀哪所大學。)
* Once she makes up her mind, nothing can stop her from achieving her goal. (一旦她下定決心，沒有任何事能阻止她達成目標。)
* It took him a long time to make up his mind whether to accept the job offer. (他花了很長時間才下定決心是否接受那份工作邀約。)
* I've made up my mind to go abroad next year. (我已決定明年要出國。)
作文百句 27 補充資料
## 文章分析
文章開頭即點出算命背後的心理動機——面對未來的不確定性與焦慮。作者並未採取批判迷信的立場，而是理性地分析算命如何提供指引，為後續將算命定義為一種諮商服務鋪平了道路。作者敏銳地觀察到，算命的價值不在於結果的真偽，而在於溝通的過程，讓受眾在面臨困境時獲得情感的慰藉與正面反饋。文章結尾將討論層次提升到個人應用，作者透過分享自己在面臨升學抉擇時可能採取的態度，展示了如何將他人的建議作為決策參考，而非盲目遵循。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Superstition (n.) 迷信
* 形容詞為 `superstitious`。
* Despite the advancement of science, many people still cling to ancient superstitions for a sense of security. (儘管科學進步，許多人仍依附於古代迷信以獲得安全感。)
* Predetermined (adj.) 命中注定的、預先決定的
* Some people find comfort in believing that their path in life is predetermined by fate. (有些人發現在相信人生道路是由命運預先決定中能獲得慰藉。)
* Uncertainty (n.) 不確定性
* The constant uncertainty of the job market can be a major source of stress for young graduates. (就業市場持續的不確定性可能是年輕畢業生壓力的主要來源。)
* Embracing uncertainty is a crucial part of becoming a resilient and independent individual. (擁抱不確定性是成為一個具韌性且獨立的個人的關鍵部分。)
* Rationality (n.) 理性、合理性、邏輯性
* 形容詞為 `rational`。
* A healthy society requires a balance between tradition, spirituality, and rationality. (一個健康的社會需要傳統、靈性與理性之間的平衡。)
* The rationality of his argument is very compelling. (他論點的合理性非常令人信服。)
* Foretell (v.) 預言、預告
* Ancient prophets claimed they could foretell the downfall of great empires. (古代先知聲稱他們能預言偉大帝國的隕落。)
* Scientists are trying to develop better models to foretell natural disasters more accurately. (科學家正努力開發更好的模型，以更準確地預言自然災害。)
* Insightful (adj.) 具洞察力的
* 形容某種建議或分析能看穿表面、直達核心。
* A good mentor provides insightful advice that helps you see your situation more clearly. (好的導師提供具洞察力的建議，幫助你更清楚地看清現狀。)
* The book offers an insightful analysis of why humans are so obsessed with knowing the future. (這本書對人類為何如此痴迷於預知未來提供了具洞察力的分析。)
* Ambiguous (adj.) 模稜兩可的、含糊不清的
* Fortune tellers often use ambiguous language that can be interpreted in many different ways. (算命師常使用模稜兩可的語言，可以用許多不同方式來解釋。)
* The instructions for the assignment were too ambiguous, leaving the students confused. (該作業的指令過於含糊，讓學生們感到困惑。)
* Placebo effect (n. phr.) 安慰劑效應
* 在心理學中，指即使治療沒有實質作用，但因病人「相信」有效而產生的正向心理反應。
* Fortune-telling often acts as a placebo effect, giving people the confidence they need to overcome difficulties. (算命常扮演安慰劑效應的角色，給予人們克服困難所需的信心。)
* The doctor suggested that the patient's recovery might be partly due to the placebo effect. (醫生建議病人的康復可能部分歸功於安慰劑效應。)
* Self-fulfilling prophecy (n. phr.) 自我實現的預言
* 指一個預言或期望，因為被相信而影響了行為，最終導致預言真的實現。`prophecy` 表「預言」。
* If you believe a fortune teller's positive prediction, your increased confidence might make it a self-fulfilling prophecy. (如果你相信算命師的正向預言，你增加的信心可能會使其成為自我實現的預言。)
* Negative expectations can often lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, causing people to fail before they even start. (負面的預期常導致自我實現的預言，使人們在開始前就失敗了。)
* Take sth with a pinch/grain of salt 聽聽就好、持保留態度
* 指對某種說法不完全相信。
* My grandfather’s stories are often exaggerated, so I usually take them with a grain of salt. (我祖父的故事常被誇大，所以我通常聽聽就好。)
* I take everything she says with a pinch of salt. (我對她所說的每件事都持保留態度。)
## 寫作建議
* 處理迷信的話題時，建議採取「開放但謹慎」的態度，從理性視角分析這類行為，能讓整篇文章立場不過於偏頗。
## 28.
1. In February, Taiwanese news **sources** reported that the cost of toilet paper would probably rise **by** 10-30% in the coming months. Hearing this, people **swarmed** to stores all over Taiwan to buy large **quantities** of toilet paper. As soon as the stores opened, **throngs** of people **rushed** to the toilet paper shelves like animals fighting for food.
2. **In spite of** the clerks' best efforts to **meet public demand**, the shelves quickly **emptied**. **Meanwhile**, people's **carts** **were piled high** with **bundles** and **bundles** of toilet paper. My family and I weren't as **panicked** about the toilet paper news as other people were.
3. **For one thing**, toilet paper isn't very expensive. Although the rising cost would affect our monthly **expenses**, it wouldn't become a **financial burden**. **For another**, my family only uses a limited **amount** of toilet paper per day because we try not to use toilet paper for every little thing. When it comes to **drying** our hands, for example, we use towels. **For** these reasons and more, the price rise was not **a cause for concern** for us.
作文百句 28 單字整理
## 單字
* Toilet paper (n. phr.) 衛生紙
* 相關單字有 `tissue paper` (面紙、衛生紙), `sandpaper` (砂紙), `wallpaper` (壁紙), `wrapping paper` (包裝紙), `newspaper` (報紙), `scrap paper` (廢紙、草稿紙), `parchment paper` (烘焙紙、烤盤紙) 等。
* There was a huge shortage of toilet paper during the panic buying **spree**. (在瘋狂搶購潮期間，衛生紙嚴重短缺。)
* You can use tissue paper to wipe away the tears of joy. (你可以用面紙擦去喜悅的淚水。)
* We used colorful wrapping paper to decorate the gift for Yusuf's birthday. (我們用五彩繽紛的包裝紙來裝飾主公的生日禮物。)
* Please write down the phone number on a piece of scrap paper. (請在一張草稿紙上寫下電話號碼。)
* Rise (v./n.) 上升、升起、增加、(數量或程度) 提高
* 作動詞時為**不及物動詞**，三態變化為 `rise` → `rose` → `risen`。
* The price of raw materials is expected to rise significantly due to the global crisis. (由於全球危機，原物料價格預計將顯著上漲。)
* We sat on the beach and watched the sun rise over the horizon. (我們坐在沙灘上，看著太陽從地平線升起。)
* There has been a steady rise in the number of tourists visiting the island this year. (今年造訪該島的遊客人數穩步上升。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `Rise` vs. `Raise`
* Raise
* (v.) 舉起；增加；籌集；養育、栽種
* 為**及物動詞**。
* If you have any questions during the lecture, please **raise your hand**. (如果你在講座期間有任何問題，請舉手。)
* The supermarket keeps **raising the price** of its vegetables. (這間超市一直在提高蔬菜的價格。)
* I had to **raise my voice** to be heard. (我不得不提高嗓門好讓大家聽見。)
* The charity organization is trying to **raise funds** for the homeless. (慈善組織正努力為無家可歸的人籌集資金。)
* I was born and raised in Taiwan. (我在台灣出生長大。)
* (n.) 加薪
* My boss finally gave me a raise after I completed the big project. (在我完成那個大企劃後，我老闆終於給我加薪了。)
通常使用 `rise` 時，是事物自動往上升；使用 `raise` 時，是由人主動去拉高、舉起某物。
* Something rises. → The price rises. / The sun rises.
* Someone raises something. → He raises his hands.
{% endhint %}
* Swarm
* (v.) 蜂擁、湧向
* 常見用法為 `swarm to/into` (湧向、擠進), `be swarmed with` (擠滿了...)。
* Thousands of excited fans swarmed to the airport to catch a glimpse of the K-pop star. (數千名興奮的粉絲蜂擁至機場，為了看一眼那位 K-pop 明星。)
* After the incident, the area was swarmed with reporters. (事件發生後，現場擠滿了記者。)
* (n.) 一大群 (昆蟲或人)
* 常見用法為 `a swarm of N`，**後方接可數名詞**。
* A swarm of locusts destroyed all the crops in the village within a single day. (一大群蝗蟲在一天之內摧毀了村子裡所有的農作物。)
* Quantity (n.) 數量、大量
* 常見用法為 `a quantity of N`，**後方接不可數或可數名詞皆可**。
* The factory produces high-quality products in large quantities for export. (這家工廠生產大量高品質產品出口。)
* It's not just the quantity of information that matters, but also its accuracy and reliability. (重要的不僅是資訊的數量，還有其準確性與可靠性。)
* Throng
* 語氣比 `crowd` 更強烈，強調「密集成群」且通常帶有移動感。
* (n.) 群眾、一大群人
* 常見用法為 `a throng of N`，`N` 通常是**人**。
* A throng of protesters gathered in front of the city hall to demand lower taxes. (一大群抗議者聚集在市政廳前，要求降低稅收。)
* (v.) 擁擠、群集
* 常見用法為 `throng to/into ...` (蜂擁至某處), `be thronged with` (擠滿了...)。
* Shoppers thronged the narrow aisles of the market, searching for the best deals. (購物者擠滿了市場狹窄的通道，尋找最划算的商品。)
* People thronged to the beach on the hot day. (炎熱的天氣裡，人們蜂擁至海灘。)
* Rush
* (v.) 衝、趕緊、倉促行動
* `rush someone to ...` 表「緊急將人送往...」。
* As soon as the store opened, customers rushed to the electronics section for the sale. (商店一開門，顧客們便衝向電子產品區參加促銷。)
* The nurses rushed the injured man to the emergency room. (護理師們趕緊將受傷的男子送往急診室。)
* (n.) 匆忙、湧動
* `rush hour` 表「尖峰時段」、「上下班時間」。`in a rush` 表「趕時間」。
* I'm in a bit of a rush right now; can we talk about the project later? (我現在有點趕時間；我們可以晚點再談那個企劃嗎？)
* Shelf (n.) 貨價、架子、隔板
* 複數形為 `shelves`。
* The clerk spent the whole morning putting new products on the shelves. (店員花了整個上午將新產品擺到架子上。)
* I need to buy another book shelf because my collection is growing too fast. (我需要再買一個書架，因為我的藏書增加得太快了。)
* Spite (n./v.) 惡意、怨恨
* 詞源縮寫自 `despite`。指想要傷害、激怒或羞辱他人的慾望。
* `in spite of N` 表「儘管...」。
* He broke her favorite vase out of pure spite. (他純粹出於惡意打破了她最愛的花瓶。)
* There was no spite in his criticism; he truly wanted to help her improve. (他的批評中沒有惡意；他真心想幫助她進步。)
* She ignored him just to spite him, even though she knew it was immature. (她只是為了氣他才無視他，即便她知道這很幼稚。)
* Clerk (n.) 職員、店員、辦事員或文書
* Please hand your completed form to the clerk in the administrative office. (請將填好的表格交給行政辦公室的職員。)
* The clerk at the front desk helped us check into the hotel. (櫃台職員幫我們辦理了飯店入住手續。)
* He started his career as a law clerk and eventually became a successful judge. (他職業生涯始於一名法律助理，最終成為一名成功的法官。)
* Effort (n.) 努力、盡力、成就
* `make an effort to VR` 表「努力去做」。
* It took a lot of time and effort to organize such a large-scale event. (組織如此大規模的活動花費了大量的時間與精力。)
* The team made a collective effort to finish the project before the deadline. (團隊共同努力在截止日期前完成了專案。)
* Demand
* (n.) 需求、要求
* `in demand` 表「受歡迎」、「有需求」。
* The demand for organic food has been increasing as people become more health-conscious. (隨著人們健康意識的增強，對有機食品的需求一直在增加。)
* Good engineers are always in demand. (優秀的工程師總是很搶手。)
* (v.) 需求、要求
* 常見用法為 `demand + N / to VR`, `demand + that + S + (should) + VR` (虛擬語氣)。虛擬語氣的介紹詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-16-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* The workers are demanding higher wages and better working conditions. (工人們正要求更高的工資與更好的工作條件。)
* The union demanded that the company (should) change the policy. (工會要求公司改變政策。)
* Meanwhile (adv.) 同時、其間
* `meanwhile` 常作為副詞引導句子轉折；`meantime` (adv./n.) 則多見於片語 `in the meantime`，兩者意思相同。
* The stores were crowded with people; meanwhile, the warehouse workers were struggling to restock the shelves. (商店裡擠滿了人；與此同時，倉庫工作人員正努力補貨到架上。)
* She went to the store to buy supplies; meanwhile, I stayed home to cook dinner. (她去店裡買補給品；同時，我留在家裡做晚飯。)
* The delivery will arrive in an hour. In the meantime, why don't we have some coffee? (快遞一小時後到。在這段時間內，我們何不喝杯咖啡？)
* Cart
* (n.) 手推車、貨車
* `shopping cart` 表「購物車」、「線上購物籃」。
* She filled her cart with so many bundles of toilet paper that she could barely push it. (她的購物車裡裝了太多捆衛生紙，以至於她幾乎推不動。)
* Please return your cart to the designated area after loading your groceries. (裝好雜貨後，請將手推車歸還至指定區域。)
* (v.) 用車載運、辛辛苦苦地搬運
* 帶有搬運重物或費力移動的感覺。
* He had to cart all those heavy boxes up to the third floor by himself. (他必須獨自一人辛苦地把那些沉重的箱子搬到三樓。)
* Pile
* (n.) 堆、大量
* 常用於描述雜亂或有目的地疊放。`a pile of` 表「一堆...」，後面可接可數或不可數名詞。
* A huge pile of dirty clothes was sitting in the corner of the room. (房間角落裡堆著一大堆髒衣服。)
* There is a pile of work waiting for me on Monday morning. (週一早上有一大堆工作等著我。)
* (v.) 堆積、疊放
* The students piled their textbooks on the desk before the summer vacation started. (暑假開始前，學生們把教科書堆在書桌上。)
* Bundle
* 指許多物品被綁在一起。
* (n.) 捆、捲、包
* 常見用法為 `a bundle of N`，**後方接可數名詞**。
* The customers were carrying several bundles of toilet paper as they left the store. (顧客離開商店時提著好幾捆衛生紙。)
* (v.) 把……紮成一捆、匆忙打發
* `bundle up` 表「穿暖和」、「包起來」
* On cold winter mornings, parents always bundle their children up in thick coats. (在寒冷的冬日早晨，家長總是讓孩子穿上厚厚的大衣裹得嚴嚴實實。)
* She bundled up her old magazines and took them to the recycling center. (她把舊雜誌紮成一捆，送到回收中心。)
* Expensive (adj.) 昂貴的、花錢的
* 同義詞有 `costly`, `pricey`；反義詞有 `cheap`, `inexpensive`。
* 只能修飾物品、服務，**不可直接修飾**** ****`price`**** ****(價格)**：`the price is expensive` 是錯誤的寫法。
* Membership fees at this gym are very expensive. (這家健身房的會員費非常昂貴。)
* Alana has an expensive taste in stationery; she only uses the finest pens. (Alana 對文具有著昂貴的品味；她只用最好的筆。)
* The most expensive thing in this room is the love between you and me. (這房間裡最珍貴的東西，就是你和我之間的愛。)
* Affect (v.) 影響；感動；侵襲、感染 (疾病)
* The rising cost of raw materials will directly affect the final price of the product. (原物料成本的上漲將直接影響產品的最終價格。)
* The doctor warned that lack of sleep could seriously affect your mental health. (醫生警告說，睡眠不足可能會嚴重影響你的心理健康。)
* We were deeply affected by the emotional story of the brave young girl. (我們被那個勇敢女孩的感人故事深深打動了。)
* The disease affects mainly children. (這種疾病主要侵襲兒童。)
* Monthly (adj./adv.) 每月的、每月一次地
* 相似用法的詞有 `hourly` (每小時), `daily` (每日)、`weekly` (每週)、`quarterly` (每季、每三個月)、`yearly` (每年) 等。
* Our monthly rent is due on the fifth of every month. (我們每月的房租在每個月的五號到期。)
* The bus runs hourly. (公車每小時開一班。)
* Please make sure to update the database daily to ensure information accuracy. (請確保每日更新資料庫以確保資訊準確。)
* We have a weekly meeting every Monday morning to discuss our progress. (我們每週一早上開一次例會討論進度。)
* The company reports its financial performance quarterly to the investors. (公司每季向投資者報告其財務業績。)
* I get a physical examination yearly. (我一年做一次身體檢查。)
* Expense (n.) 開支、費用、代價
* 通常以複數形 `expenses` 表示多項支出或經費。`monthly expenses` 表「每月開銷」。常用搭配為 `at the expense of` (以...為代價)。
* Travel expenses, including flights and hotels, will be covered by the company. (旅遊費用，包括機票和飯店，將由公司報銷。)
* He achieved career success, but unfortunately, it was at the expense of his health. (他取得了事業成功，但遺憾的是，那是隨後以健康為代價換來的。)
* Financial (adj.) 財務的、金融的
* 副詞形為 `financially`。
* The company is seeking financial advice to overcome its current debt crisis. (公司正在尋求財務建議以克服目前的債務危機。)
* I wish I were financially independent so that I could pursue my hobbies freely. (我希望自己經濟獨立，這樣就可以自由追求自己的嗜好。)
* finance
* (n.) 財務、金融 (業)
* 指資金管理或金融產業，為**不可數名詞**。
* `finance minister` (`Minister of Finance`) 指「財政部長」。
* He works in finance. (他任職於金融業。)
* The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries. (來自許多國家的財政部長將出席該會議)
* (n.) 資金、財力
* 指個人或企業的資金狀況。通常用複數形 `finances`。
* The company's finances are in a mess. (這家公司的財務狀況一團糟。)
* Keep a tight control on your finances. (嚴格控制你的資金。)
* (v.) 為…提供資金、籌措資金
* The government decided to finance the new public housing project through higher taxes. (政府決定透過提高稅收來為新的公共住宅計畫提供資金。)
* How do you plan to finance the new car? (你打算如何為這輛新車籌錢？)
* financier (n. 金融家)
* As a successful financier, he knows exactly where to invest his money for the highest return. (作為一名成功的金融家，他確切知道該在哪裡投資以獲得最高回報。)
* Burden
* (n.) 負擔、重擔
* 常見搭配為 `financial burden` (財務負擔)。
* Student loans can become a heavy financial burden for young graduates starting their careers. (就業初期的年輕畢業生，學貸可能成為沉重的財務負擔。)
* Carrying the secret for so many years was a huge emotional burden for her. (背負這個秘密這麼多年，對她來說是巨大的情感負擔。)
* (v.) 加重負擔
* 常見用法為 `burden sb with sth` (使某人負擔某事)。
* I don't want to burden you with my personal problems when you are already so busy. (當你已經這麼忙的時候，我不想用我個人的問題讓你增加負擔。)
* Limited (adj.) 有限的、受限的
* `limited edition` 表「限量的」。
* The special offer is only available for a limited time, so you should act fast. (這項特別優惠僅限時提供，所以你應該行動快一點。)
* Due to limited space in the apartment, we have to choose our furniture carefully. (由於公寓空間有限，我們必須仔細選擇家具。)
* I just bought a limited edition keyboard. (我剛買了一款限量版鍵盤。)
* Dry
* (v.) 弄乾、擦乾、吹乾
* She's **drying her hair**. (她正在吹乾頭髮。)
* Use this soft towel to **dry your hands** after washing them. (洗完手後用這條柔軟的毛巾擦乾。)
* **Dry the dishes**. (把碗盤擦乾。)
* (adj.) 乾燥的、枯燥的
* 可指天氣、幽默或無聊的內容。
* The long summer drought caused the river to run dry. (漫長的夏季乾旱導致河流乾涸。)
* His sense of humor is very dry; it takes a while to realize he's joking. (他的幽默感很冷面；要花點時間才能意識到他在開玩笑。)
* Towel
* (n.) 毛巾、紙巾
* `paper towel` 表「廚房紙巾」。
* He stepped out of the shower and wrapped a large towel around his waist. (他走出淋浴間，在腰上圍了一條大毛巾。)
* We should use cloth towels instead of paper ones to be more environmentally friendly. (我們應該使用布毛巾代替紙巾，以更加環保。)
* (v.) 用毛巾擦
* Make sure you towel yourself thoroughly before getting dressed. (穿衣前確保用毛巾把自己徹底擦乾。)
* Cause
* (n.) 原因、理由；理想、目標、事業
* `cause and effect` 表「因果關係」。
* The police are still investigating the leading cause of the car accident. (警方仍在調查這起車禍的主要原因。)
* There is no cause for alarm; the alarm went off by mistake. (沒有理由驚慌；警報器是誤響。)
* They are fighting for a good cause. (他們在為一項崇高的事業而戰。)
* (v.) 導致、引起
* 通常接**負面事件**。
* The heavy rain caused a serious traffic jam on the highway this morning. (今天早上的大雨引起了高速公路嚴重的交通堵塞。)
* Concern
* (n.) 擔心、憂慮
* 常見用法為 `concern about/over/for sth` (對...感到擔憂)。
* The rising crime rate in the neighborhood is a major concern for the local residents. (社區中上升的犯罪率是當地居民主要的擔憂。)
* There is growing concern about the safety of the product. (大眾對產品安全日益擔憂。)
* (v.) 與...有關、使擔心
* 常見用法為 `be concerned about/for/over N` (對...感到擔心), `be concerned with N` (與…有關、涉及)
* Does this new law concern small businesses as much as large corporations? (這項新法律與小企業的關係是否像對大公司一樣大？)
* Her health issues are starting to concern her doctor, so more tests are needed. (她的健康問題開始讓她的醫生感到擔憂，所以需要更多檢查。)
* I'm very concerned about your health. (我非常擔心你的健康。)
* The report is mainly concerned with school safety. (報告主要與學校安全有關。)
作文百句 28 片語整理
## 片語
* Rise by + 數量 上漲了...
* 用於描述數據、價格或數量的變動幅度。介係詞 `by` 表「差距」。
* The price of crude oil rose by 5% overnight due to the political instability. (由於政治不穩定，原油價格一夜之間上漲了 5%。)
* Swarm to + 地點 蜂擁至...、擠進...
* Thousands of tourists swarm to this small village every summer for the lavender festival. (每年夏天都有數千名遊客蜂擁至這個小村莊參加薰衣草節。)
* All over + 地點 遍及某處、在某處的各個角落
* 地點除了是地理位置，也可以是身體部位。
* The news of the lottery winner spread all over the world within a few hours. (樂透得主的消息在幾小時內就傳遍了全球。)
* I have a sore feeling all over my body after that intense workout session. (在那次激烈的健身課程後，我全身都有痠痛感。)
* As soon as + S + V 一...就...
* As soon as I saw him, I knew something was wrong. (我一見到他，就知道出事了。)
* She burst into tears as soon as she heard the news. (一聽到這個消息，她就放聲大哭。)
* The phone rang as soon as he sat down. (他一坐下電話就響了。)
* A throng of people 一大群人
* 接續對象：通常接「人」。很少接動物或非生物。
* 與 A swarm of 的差別：
* A throng of：強調「密集且擁擠的群眾」。(e.g., A throng of protesters 示威群眾)
* A swarm of：原指「成群的昆蟲」(如蜜蜂、蝗蟲)。若形容人，帶有「快速移動且混亂」的感覺。(e.g., A swarm of reporters 蜂擁而至的記者)
* A throng of music lovers waited outside the stadium for the concert to begin. (一大群音樂愛好者在體育場外等待演唱會開始。)
* Look! A swarm of bees is gathering around the flowers in the garden. (看！一大群蜜蜂正聚集在花園的花朵周圍。)
* Fight for N 為...而戰、爭取...、為維護...而奮鬥
* `N` 可以是抽象概念 (如權利、和平) 或具體目標 (如冠軍、獎金)。
* The two stray cats were fighting for a piece of fish they found in the trash. (那兩隻浪貓正在爭奪牠們在垃圾桶裡發現的一塊魚。)
* In a competitive market, companies are always fighting for a larger market share. (在競爭激烈的市場中，公司總是在爭奪更大的市場佔有率。)
* In spite of N/V-ing 儘管...
* 意思等同於 `despite`。
* In spite of the heavy traffic, we managed to arrive at the airport on time. (儘管交通擁堵，我們還是設法準時到達了機場。)
* She went to work in spite of having a high fever. (儘管發高燒，她還是去上班了。)
* Meet one's demand 滿足...的需求
* `meet` 在此表「滿足、符合 (需求、條件、預算)」。
* The company increased production to meet the growing demand for electric cars. (公司增加了產量，以滿足對電動車日益增長的需求。)
* We need to find a solution that can meet everyone’s needs. (我們需要找到一個能滿足每個人需求的解決方案。)
* Be piled high with N 堆滿了...
* The dining table was piled high with delicious dishes for the New Year's feast. (餐桌上堆滿了為了新年大餐準備的美味佳餚。)
* His desk is always piled high with books and research papers. (他的書桌上總是堆滿了書籍和研究論文。)
* A bundle of 一捆、一捲、一包...
* 指被紮成一捆、一包的長條物或散裝物，後面接**可數名詞**。
* There is a large bundle of magazines on the desk. (桌上有一大捆雜誌。)
* The girl with glasses got a bundle of roses on her birthday. (戴眼鏡的那個女孩生日那天收到一束玫瑰花)
* I've got a bundle of clothes here to give to charity. (我這裡有一包衣服要捐給慈善機構。)
* 特殊用法：**`a bundle of joy`** 常用來隱喻「新生兒」；**`a bundle of nerves`** 形容人極度緊張。
* Teresa and Henry are expecting a bundle of joy next February. (泰瑞莎和亨利明年二月就要迎接他們的新生兒了。)
* My sister was a bundle of nerves before her first stage performance. (我妹妹在第一次上台表演前極度緊張。)
* For ... reason(s) 因為...的理由
* 例如 `for some reason` (因為某些不明原因)、`for the same reason` (因為同樣的理由)、`for technical/security reasons` (因為技術/安全原因)。
* For some reason, the computer keeps restarting every ten minutes. (因為某些原因，這台電腦每十分鐘就重新啟動一次。)
* Some data could not be included for technical reasons. (由於技術原因，無法包含部分數據。)
* For security reasons, this area is strictly prohibited. (出於安全原因，此區域嚴禁進入。)
* A cause for concern 擔心的理由
* The rapid decline in the tiger population is a major cause for concern. (老虎數量的迅速下降是令人擔心的主要原因。)
* There is no cause for concern; the test results show that everything is normal. (沒有理由擔心；測試結果顯示一切正常。)
作文百句 28 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文結構遵循「新聞事件引發人潮」→「商店現場陷入混亂」→「家庭內部的冷靜應對」的三段式排版。在修辭的部分，第一段最後使用明喻 `like animals fighting for food`，諷刺群眾在面對資源匱乏傳聞時，喪失理智的本能反應，非常具象化。隨後，作者透過財務成本與日常使用習慣兩個面向，拆解了社會恐慌的荒謬性。這種從群體行為回歸理性思辨的寫法，能讓讀者在閱讀過程中自我省思，達到很好的寫作效果。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Scarcity (n.) 稀缺、短缺
* 形容詞為 `scarce`。
* The scarcity of clean drinking water is a growing problem in many parts of the world. (乾淨飲用水的短缺是世界許多地區日益嚴重的問題。)
* The perceived scarcity of toilet paper, rather than an actual shortage, led to the market chaos. (是感知到的衛生紙稀缺，而非實際短缺，導致了市場混亂。)
* Stockpile (v./n.) 囤積、儲備
* 指為了應對未來的短缺而大量儲存物資，較常指中性的備貨。
* Families began to stockpile essential goods like rice, oil, and canned food before the hurricane arrived. (家庭開始在颶風到來前囤積米、油和罐頭食品等必需品。)
* The country has a significant stockpile of emergency medical supplies in case of an outbreak. (該國備有大量的緊急醫療物資，以防疫情爆發。)
* Panic buying (n. phr.) 恐慌性採購
* 指在預期短缺或漲價時，大眾集體且**非理性**的瘋狂購買行為。
* The rumor of a potential lockdown triggered widespread panic buying across the country. (關於可能封城的傳聞引發了全國範圍內的恐慌性採購。)
* Government officials urged citizens to stay calm and stop panic buying, as supplies remained sufficient. (政府官員敦促公民保持冷靜並停止恐慌性採購，因為供應仍然充足。)
* Daily necessities (n. phr.) 生活必需品
* 也可以說 `essential goods` 或 `daily commodities`。
* The price of daily necessities should be strictly regulated to ensure social stability. (生活必需品的價格應受到嚴格管制，以確保社會穩定。)
* During the strike, people found it difficult to purchase their daily necessities. (在罷工期間，人們發現很難購買生活必需品。)
* Herd mentality (n. phr.) 羊群效應、從眾心理
* 亦可稱為 `bandwagon effect`。指個人受到群體影響而跟隨大眾行為，即便該行為是不理性的。
* Herd mentality often drives people to follow trends without thinking about whether they actually need the product. (從眾心理常驅使人們追隨潮流，而不考慮自己是否真的需要該產品。)
* To be a critical thinker, one must learn to recognize and resist the herd mentality. (要成為具批判性思考的人，必須學會辨識並抵抗羊群效應。)
* Supply chain (n. phr.) 供應鏈
* 指產品從生產到送至消費者手中的整個流程。
* The pandemic caused major disruptions in the global supply chain, leading to delayed deliveries. (疫情導致全球供應鏈發生重大中斷，導致送貨延遲。)
* Companies are looking for ways to make their supply chains more resilient to future crises. (公司正在尋找方法，使其供應鏈對未來的危機更具韌性。)
* Rational consumption (n. phr.) 理性消費
* 反義詞為 `impulse buying` (衝動購物)。
* The school promotes rational consumption by teaching students how to manage their pocket money. (學校透過教導學生如何管理零用錢來推廣理性消費。)
* In the face of aggressive marketing, maintaining rational consumption is more important than ever. (面對激進的行銷，維持理性消費比以往任何時候都更重要。)
* Spread like wildfire 迅速傳播
* 常用於描述謠言、訊息或恐慌在極短時間內蔓延開來。
* News of the sudden price hike spread like wildfire on social media, causing instant panic. (價格突然上漲的消息在社群媒體上迅速傳開，引發了即時恐慌。)
* Once the secret was out, it spread like wildfire throughout the office. (秘密一旦洩露，便在整個辦公室迅速傳開。)
## 寫作建議
描述與「恐慌」相關的場景時，可以嘗試呈現其**動態感**。使用如 `swarm to` (蜂擁至)、`rush to` (衝向)、`empty` (排空) 等有強烈畫面感的動詞，也可以適時使用譬喻，讓文章更生動。
## 29.
1. My sister, who is **three years my senior**, and I have gotten along very well since our childhood. We have often **confided in each other**, but an incident happened between us that almost **ruined** our good relationship. One day she **caught me reading** her diary **on the sly**.
2. I did that **out of curiosity**, **thinking** that as her little sister, I **was entitled** to get a **glimpse** into her inner thoughts. However, my sister didn't think so. She **flew into a rage** as soon as she saw me **browsing through** her diary. She even looked at me as if I **were** a thief. I felt upset, too, because I thought she was just **kicking up a fuss**. As a result, we were not **on speaking terms** for a few days.
3. After I did some **soul-searching**, I decided to admit to my **wrongdoing** and **apologize to** her. I said that I had no right to **pry into** her private life. I was terribly sorry, and I wouldn't do it again. She accepted my **heartfelt apology** and gave me a hug. We finally **made up**. From this incident, I have learned the lesson that we should respect other people's privacy no matter how close to each other we are.
作文百句 29 單字整理
## 單字
* Senior
* (n.) 前輩、年長者、大四生
* The community center offers various programs specifically for seniors in the neighborhood. (社區中心為鄰里的長者提供了各種專門計畫。)
* As a senior at National Taiwan University, he is busy preparing for his future career. (作為台大的大四學生，他正忙於為未來的職業生涯做準備。)
* (adj.) 年長的、資深的、高階的
* He is ten years senior to me, so I always treat him with great respect. (他比我大十歲，所以我總是對他非常尊敬。)
* As a senior manager, he has the authority to approve large-scale projects. (作為一名高階經理，他有權批准大規模專案。
* She was promoted to senior vice president after leading the successful merger. (在領導了成功的合併案後，她被提升為資深副總裁。)
* Confide (v.) 吐露、傾訴 (秘密或心事)
* 常見用法為 `confide in sb` (對某人推心置腹), `confide sth to sb` (向某人透露某事)。
* She needed someone she could confide in after the tragic breakup. (在慘痛的分手後，她需要一個可以傾訴心事的人。)
* He confided his fears to his best friend, knowing the secret would be kept. (他向最好的朋友吐露了他的恐懼，因為他知道秘密會被保守。)
* Ruin
* (v.) 毀掉、破壞；傾家蕩產
* One wrong decision could ruin the company's reputation overnight. (一個錯誤的決定可能會在一夜之間毀掉公司的名聲。)
* The heavy rain ruined our plans for a weekend picnic in the mountains. (大雨毀掉了我們週末去山上野餐的計畫。)
* (n.) 廢墟、遺址；毀滅
* 複數型 **`ruins`** 專指建築物倒塌後留下的遺址。
* Tourists from all over the world come to visit the ancient Roman ruins. (來自世界各地的遊客前來參觀古羅馬遺址。)
* The gambler’s addiction eventually led to his financial ruin. (那名賭徒的成癮最終導致了他的傾家蕩產。)
* Relationship (n.) 關係、關聯；親密關係
* 強調兩者之間的情感連結或長期的互動狀態。
* They have built a strong business relationship based on mutual trust. (他們基於相互信任建立了強大的業務關係。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### Relation (n.) 關係、關聯
常用於表示兩者之間的邏輯關係、因果或結構聯繫，也可以指外交、商業或較大群體間的邦交或業務往來。與 `relationship` 相比，`relation` 更側重業務、客觀聯繫，較少用於親密的情感關係。
* The report explores the relation between social media usage and mental health. (該報告探討了社群媒體使用與心理健康之間的關聯。)
* There is a close relation between fitness and health. (健康與健身有密切關係。)
* Relations between the two countries have not been good lately. (兩國關係最近不太好。)
{% endhint %}
* Diary (n.) 日記、日誌
* 注意不要與 [`dairy` (乳製品)](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-14-dan-zi-zheng-li) 混淆。
* 常見搭配有 `keep a diary` (寫日記)。
* She locked her diary in a drawer to keep her secrets from being discovered. (她把日記鎖在抽屜裡，以防秘密被發現。)
* Keeping a diary is a good way to record your daily thoughts and feelings. (寫日記是記錄每日想法與感受的好方法。)
* Sly (adj.) 狡猾的、狡黠的、陰險的
* `on the sly` 是固定用法，指「偷偷地、私下地」。
* She caught a sly smile on his face, suggesting he knew more than he let on. (她捕捉到他臉上狡黠的微笑，暗示他知道的比表現出來的更多。)
* They used to meet on the sly because their parents didn't approve of their relationship. (他們以前常偷偷見面，因為父母不贊成他們的交往。)
* Entitled (adj.) 有權利的、有資格的
* 常見用法為 `be entitled to N/Ving`。
* Every citizen is entitled to free speech and equal protection under the law. (每位公民依法皆有權享有言論自由與平等的保護。)
* After working for the company for ten years, he felt entitled to a long vacation. (在公司工作十年後，他覺得自己有資格休個長假。)
* Glimpse (n./v.) 瞥見、一瞥
* 常見用法為 `catch/get/have a glimpse of + 人/物`。
* I only caught a glimpse of the thief before he disappeared into the dark alley. (在小偷消失在黑暗巷弄前，我只瞥見了他的身影。)
* This biography gives readers a rare glimpse into the private life of the famous artist. (這本傳記讓讀者得以一窺這位知名藝術家罕見的私人生活。)
* Inner (adj.) 內心的；內部的；內圈的
* 反義詞為 `outer`。
* She struggled to find her **inner peace** amid the chaos of the city. (她在城市的混亂中努力尋找內心的平靜。)
* The inner lining of the coat is made of high-quality silk. (這件外套的內裡是由高品質絲綢製成的。)
* Thought (n.) 想法、見解；思考；思潮
* 除了指單一念頭，也可以指一個時代的學說或思想體系。
* The teacher asked the students to share their thoughts on the new movie. (老師要求學生分享他們對這部新電影的想法。)
* After much thought, he decided to accept the challenging job offer. (經過深思熟慮後，他決定接受那份具挑戰性的工作邀約。)
* Eastern thought emphasizes the harmony between humans and nature. (東方思想強調人與自然之間的和諧。)
* Browse (v.) 瀏覽、隨意翻閱
* 常用於在書店翻書、在網路上看資訊或像文中一樣隨意看日記。
* `browse through N` 比單純的 `browse N` 更強調「從頭到尾快速翻過一遍」的動作，通常帶有檢視細節的意味。
* I often browse the internet for news. (我常上網瀏覽新聞。)
* You can browse our online catalog to see the latest collection of jewelry. (你可以瀏覽我們的線上目錄，看看最新的珠寶系列。)
* I spent the afternoon browsing through the old photos in the attic. (我花了一個下午在閣樓瀏覽舊照片。)
* Thief (n.) 小偷、賊
* 最廣義的說法，指任何未經許可取走他人財產的人。複數形為 `thieves`。
* The thief snatched her purse and disappeared into the crowded market. (小偷奪走她的錢包，消失在擁擠的市場中。)
* Identity thieves use personal information to commit fraud online. (身分竊賊利用個人資訊在網上進行詐騙。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### Burglar (n.) 竊賊、入室盜竊者
專指非法闖入建築物 (通常是住宅) 意圖行竊的人。
* The burglar entered the house through a broken window while the family was asleep. (竊賊在全家人睡覺時透過打破的窗戶進入屋內。)
* Many homeowners install security cameras to deter burglars. (許多屋主安裝監視器以嚇阻竊賊。)
{% endhint %}
* Fuss
* (n.) 大驚小怪、瞎忙、爭執
* 常見用法有 `make a fuss about/over sth` (對...大驚小怪) 或 `kick up a fuss` (吵鬧、抱怨、小題大做)。
* It was just a small scratch, so there was no need to make such a fuss. (那只是一個小刮傷，沒必要這樣大驚小怪。)
* The customer kicked up a fuss because his soup was served cold. (那位顧客因為湯送上來是冷的而大吵大鬧。)
* (v.) 焦急、過分關心
* My grandmother always fusses over me whenever I visit her. (每當我去看奶奶時，她總是對我過分關心。)
* Term (n.)
* 關係
* 通常用複數型 `terms` 形容人際關係的狀態。常見用法有 `on equal terms` (在平等的條件下), `be on good/friendly terms with sb` (與某人關係良好)。
* Even after the divorce, they remained on friendly terms for the sake of their children. (即便離婚後，為了孩子，他們仍維持著友好的關係。)
* We are currently not on speaking terms because of a serious argument. (因為一次嚴重的爭吵，我們目前互不理睬。)
* 條件
* The contract outlines the terms and conditions of the employment. (合約概述了僱用的條款與條件。)
* They had to agree to the terms of the contract. (他們必須同意合約的條款。)
* 術語、學期
* 詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-12-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* Soul (n.) 靈魂；心靈；精髓；人
* They say that **the eyes are the window to the soul**. (人們說眼睛是靈魂之窗。)
* Music is the soul of the party; it sets the mood for everyone. (音樂是派對的靈魂；它為每個人營造氛圍。)
* She puts her heart and soul into her work. (她全心全意投入工作。)
* The simplicity is the soul of her art. (簡約是她藝術的精髓。)
* Not a soul was to be seen on the deserted street at midnight. (半夜空曠的街道上一個人影也看不見。)
* Soul-searching (n.) 深層的自我反省、內心掙扎
* After much soul-searching, he decided to quit his job and travel around the world. (經過一番深層的自我反省後，他決定辭職去環遊世界。)
* The defeat in the election led to a period of intense soul-searching for the political party. (選舉的失敗導致該政黨進入了一段劇烈的自我反省期。)
* Wrongdoing (n.) 壞事、錯誤行為、不法行為
* 用來泛指壞事或不道德的行為時，通常為**不可數名詞**；當指代具體的、一件件的違法或不當行為時，可使用複數形式 `wrongdoings`。
* The politician denied any wrongdoing despite the evidence presented against him. (儘管有針對他的證據，該政治家仍否認有任何不法行為。)
* It takes courage to admit your wrongdoing and ask for forgiveness. (承認自己的錯誤行為並請求原諒需要勇氣。)
* Pry (v.) 窺探、打探 (隱私)
* 常用用法為 `pry into sth`。
* I'm sorry, I don't mean to pry, but why are you leaving the city so suddenly? (對不起，我不想打探隱私，但你為什麼這麼突然要離開這座城市？)
* She values her privacy and hates it when people try to pry into her personal affairs. (她很重視隱私，討厭別人打探她的私事。)
* Heartfelt (adj.) 衷心的、真誠的
* 常與 `apology`, `thanks` 連用。
* The singer gave a heartfelt performance that moved the entire audience to tears. (那位歌手帶來了真誠的演出，讓全場觀眾感動落淚。)
* Tom's heartfelt speech brought everyone to tears. (Tom 誠摯的致詞賺人熱淚。)
* Please accept my heartfelt apologies for the misunderstanding we had yesterday. (對於我們昨天產生的誤解，請接受我衷心的歉意。)
* Please accept my heartfelt thanks. (請接受我衷心的感謝。)
* Respect
* (n.) 尊重、尊敬
* 常見用法有 `show respect for N` (對…表示尊重), `earn/gain/win the respect of N` (贏得…的尊重)。
* We should show respect for the customs and traditions of other cultures. (我們應該對其他文化的習俗與傳統表現出尊重。)
* She earned the respect of her colleagues. (她贏得了同事們的尊重。)
* (n.) 方面
* In many respects, the new model is much better than the previous one. (在許多方面，新模型都比前一個好得多。)
* The two situations are different in this respect. (這兩種情況在這方面是不同的。)
* (v.) 尊重、尊敬
* 常見用法有 `respect sb for sth` (因某事而尊敬某人)。
* I respect him deeply for his honesty and integrity. (我因他的誠實與正直而深深尊敬他。)
* Everyone respects him for his courage. (大家都因他的勇氣而尊敬他。)
* (v.) 遵守 (規則、法律)
* You must respect the school rules. (你必須遵守校規。)
* Privacy (n.) 隱私；私生活；不受干擾的狀態
* `invasion of privacy` 表「侵犯隱私」。形容詞為 `private`。
* Technology makes it easier for companies to collect data, which raises concerns about digital privacy. (科技讓公司更容易收集數據，這引起了對數位隱私的擔憂。)
* I respect my sister's privacy by never entering her room without permission. (我從不未經許可進入我姊姊的房間，以此尊重她的隱私。)
* He moved to a remote island to seek privacy from the relentless media. (他搬到一個偏遠的小島，以尋求躲避無情媒體的干擾。)
作文百句 29 片語整理
## 片語
* N be + 時間 + sb's senior ...比...大...歲
* 此用法將 `senior` 當名詞使用；也可以將 `senior` 當作形容詞使用，寫成 `N be + 時間 + senior to sb`。
* He is five years my senior. = He is five years senior to me. (他比我大五歲。)
* Get along with sb 與某人相處得好
* 同義詞有 `be on good terms with sb`。
* My parents are happy that I get along with my siblings so well. (我父母很高興我與兄弟姊妹相處得這麼好。)
* It’s crucial to get along with your colleagues if you want a pleasant working environment. (如果你想要一個愉快的工作環境，與同事相處融洽是至關重要的。)
* Confide in each other 互相傾訴、互吐心聲
* True friends always confide in each other when they face difficult times. (真正的朋友在面臨困難時期總是會互相傾訴。)
* After years of working together, they started to confide in each other regarding personal issues. (合作多年後，他們開始就個人問題互吐心聲。)
* On the sly 偷偷地、私下地
* He used to smoke on the sly because his wife hated the smell of tobacco. (他以前常偷偷抽菸，因為他妻子討厭菸味。)
* The kids were eating chocolate on the sly before dinner was served. (孩子們在晚餐供應前偷偷吃著巧克力。)
* Out of curiosity 出於好奇
* `out of + 抽象名詞` 表「出於某種動機或情感」，例如 `out of spite` (出於惡意), `out of pity` (出於同情), `out of love` (出於愛意), `out of habit` (出於習慣), `out of necessity` (出於必要)。
* I asked him about his past out of curiosity, not because I wanted to pry. (我出於好奇問了他的過去，不是因為我想窺探隱私。)
* She helped the stranger out of pity for his difficult situation. (她出於對陌生人困境的同情而幫助了他。)
* Alana teased him out of love because she wanted to see his embarrassed face. (Alana 出於愛意逗弄他，因為她想看到他尷尬的表情。)
* Be entitled to N/VR 有權享有...、有資格做...
* You are entitled to a full refund if the product is found to be defective. (如果發現產品有瑕疵，你有權獲得全額退款。)
* Everyone is entitled to express their opinion, even if it’s unpopular. (每個人都有權表達自己的意見，即使那是少數派觀點。)
* Get a glimpse into sth 得以一窺...、了解...的片段
* The documentary allows us to get a glimpse into the lives of rare animals. (這部紀錄片讓我們得以一窺稀有動物的生活。)
* Studying history helps us get a glimpse into the wisdom of our ancestors. (研究歷史幫助我們了解祖先的智慧。)
* Think so 這麼想、認同上述觀點
* `so` 在這裡是一個代名詞，用來代替前面提到的整個子句或觀點。
* 相似用法有 `I hope so.` (我希望如此。), `I believe so.` (我也這麼相信。), `If so, ...` (如果是這樣的話，……)
* "Will it rain tomorrow?" "I think so; the sky looks very dark." (「明天會下雨嗎？」「我想會吧；天空看起來很暗。」)
* He thinks she is a bit naughty, and she thinks so, too. (他覺得她有點調皮，而她也這麼覺得。)
* Browse through 瀏覽、翻閱
* She browsed through the report to get a general idea. (她快速翻閱報告以了解大概內容。)
* Kick up a fuss 吵鬧、大驚小怪、抱怨
* 常用於描述對小事大發脾氣。
* There’s no need to kick up a fuss over such a minor mistake. (沒必要為了這麼小的錯誤大驚小怪。)
* I don't want his lawyer to kick up a fuss about this. (我不想讓他的律師對此大動干戈。)
* As a result 結果、因此
* 常置於句首並加逗號，用來連接因果關係的兩個句子。
* He didn't study for the exam; as a result, he failed. (他沒為考試讀書；結果，他不及格了。)
* The company lost money, and as a result, it closed down. (公司賠錢，因此倒閉了。)
* Be on speaking terms (with sb) 與...願意交談 (的關係)
* 通常用於吵架後，形容雙方是否恢復到「會說話」的程度。
* We are barely on speaking terms. (我們幾乎沒在說話了。)
* I’m glad to hear that you and your brother are on speaking terms again. (很高興聽說你和你哥哥又恢復交談了。)
* Pry into sth 窺探...
* `pry` 帶有冒犯性的刺探意味。
* Paparazzi are often criticized for prying into celebrities' private lives. (狗仔隊常因窺探名人的私生活而受到批評。)
* You should respect your children's boundaries and stop prying into their diaries. (你應該尊重孩子的界線，停止窺探他們的日記。)
* Make up (with sb) (與某人) 和解
* Life is too short to hold grudges; let's make up and move on. (人生太短，不應心懷怨恨；我們和解並繼續前進吧。)
* They argued last night but made up with a long hug this morning. (他們昨晚吵架了，但今天早上用一個長久的擁抱和解了。)
作文百句 29 文法整理
## 文法
* As if 的假設語氣
* 詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-7-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* 文章中，`She even looked at me as if I were a thief.`，雖然主句是過去式，但「當小偷」是發生在「看的當下」，相對時間一致，所以適用「與當下事實相反的假設」(第二類)，而非「與過去事實相反的假設」(第三類)。
作文百句 29 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文的結構是「關係和諧」→「侵犯隱私引發衝突」→「自我反省與道歉」→「獲得教訓與和解」。在情感描寫上，作者捕捉了隱私侵犯者的心理狀態——`entitlement` (權利感)。作者因為覺得自己是妹妹，就認為自己能窺探姊姊的內心，這正是許多人際關係破裂的導火線。而姊姊的反應使用 `flew into a rage` 和 `looked at me as if I were a thief`，表現出隱私被侵犯時，那種如遭洗劫般的憤怒與不信任感，非常生動。
## 寫作補給站
以下補充一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Intrusive (adj.) 侵入性的、干擾的
* 形容行為或問題讓人感到被冒犯、不舒服。動詞形為 `intrude` (闖入)，它不只是表示「進入」，更帶有一種未經邀請、令人不快的負面感受。
* The bright neon lights from the street were quite intrusive and kept me awake all night. (街上明亮的霓虹燈非常刺眼，讓我整晚睡不著。)
* Constant questions about one's salary are often considered intrusive in many cultures. (不斷詢問薪水在許多文化中通常被視為具侵入性的。)
* Unspoken rules (n. phr.) 不成文的規定、潛規則
* 這是指在一個群體中，雖然沒有被寫在規章制度裡，但每個人都心照不宣必須遵守的禮儀，即 `social etiquette` (社交禮儀)。
* It’s an unspoken rule that you should never take the last piece of cake without asking. (不問自取最後一塊蛋糕是社交場合中不成文的禁忌。)
* In many elevators, the unspoken rule is to stand facing the door and avoid making eye contact. (在許多電梯裡，不成文的規定是面向門站立並避免眼神接觸。)
* Express sincere regret for N/V-ing 對...表達誠摯的歉意、遺憾
* 常用於書面信函、公關聲明或非常嚴肅的認錯場合。
* I wish to express my sincere regret for reading your diary without permission. (我希望能對未經許可閱讀你的日記表達誠摯的遺憾。)
* The airline issued a statement to express sincere regret for the massive flight cancellations. (航空公司發表聲明，對大規模航班取消表達誠摯的遺憾。)
* The CEO expressed sincere regret for the data breach that affected millions of customers. (執行長對影響數百萬客戶的資料洩露事件表達了誠摯的歉意。)
* Owe sb an apology 欠某人一個道歉
* 當你意識到自己真的做錯，而那個錯誤還沒有被補償時，就會用這個片語，強調一種「道德上的債務」。
* After realizing I had wrongly accused him of stealing, I felt I owed him a huge apology. (意識到我誤蔑他偷竊後，我覺得我欠他一個大大的道歉。)
* You owe Alana an apology for keeping your secrets from her for so long! (你瞞了 Alana 這麼久，你欠她一個道歉！)
* **Good fences make good neighbors.** 好的籬笆造就好鄰居。
* 這句名言常被引用來強調「清楚的界線能促進和諧的關係」。即使是親近的人，維持適度的距離也是必要的。
* Even though we are best friends, we should still respect each other's work space; as they say, good fences make good neighbors. (即使我們是最好的朋友，我們仍應尊重彼此的工作空間；正如人們所說，好的籬笆造就好鄰居。)
* The two countries decided to clarify their border lines, believing that good fences make good neighbors. (兩國決定釐清國界，相信有明確的界線才能和諧相處。)
* **Trust is like a mirror; once broken, it can be mended, but you can still see the cracks.** 信任就像一面鏡子，一旦破碎，就無法恢復到原來的樣子。
* 強調建立信任的困難以及信任的脆弱性。
* You lied to me about your past again. Remember, trust is like a mirror; once broken, it can be mended, but you can still see the cracks. (你又在過去的事情上騙我。記住，信任就像一面鏡子；一旦破碎，雖然可以修補，但你仍能看見裂痕。)
* I might forgive you, but you know, trust is like a mirror; once broken, it can be mended, but you can still see the cracks. (我或許會原諒你，但你知道，信任就像一面鏡子，我已經很難再相信你了。)
* He tried his best to win back her heart, but she knew that trust is like a mirror; once broken, it can be mended, but you can still see the cracks. (他盡全力想贏回她的心，但她知道信任一旦破裂，裂痕便永遠存在。)
## 30.
1. Over winter vacation, I would like to **attend** the camp called "Creativity and Originality of High School Students." As a person who **tends to** follow others, I do not have the courage to lead, **nor do I** come up with **novel** or creative ideas. I usually provide nothing but **conventional** ideas, which is why I want to learn how to **cultivate** my creativity and **ingenuity**.
2. Besides, in this highly **competitive** world, if I cannot generate creative works or provide **innovative** ideas for future employers, I **am likely to** **be overshadowed by** those who can bring creativity and **originality** to the workplace. In my opinion, it would be great if the camp organizers arranged three major activities for the camp **participants**.
3. First, they could introduce some **abstract** theories about creativity with **interactive** games. This would give students a deeper impression of the issue. They could also invite student speakers to share how they **came up with** actual **novel** ideas and **intriguing** projects to inspire and **motivate** us. In addition, I hope that all **participants** will have a chance to **display** their creativity and **originality**. The camp organizers should hold a **mock** contest in which students have to solve a real-life problem. I firmly believe that a camp offering these activities would truly have a lot to offer.
作文百句 30 單字整理
## 單字
* Vacation
* (n.) 假期、休假
* `summer/winter vacation` 表「寒/暑假」。
* The family is planning a two-week vacation to Hawaii this summer. (這家人正計畫今年夏天去夏威夷度過為期兩週的假期。)
* We spent our winter vacation skiing in the mountains of Hokkaido. (我們在北海道的山區滑雪度過冬假。)
* (v.) 度假
* They are currently vacationing in Europe and will return next month. (他們目前正在歐洲度假，下個月才會回來。)
* Attend (v.) 參加、出席；注意
* 常用搭配為 `attend a meeting/camp`。`attend to N` 表「照顧、處理」。
* 其他介紹詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-25-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* My sister decided to attend the summer camp to improve her leadership skills. (我姊姊決定參加夏令營以提升她的領導能力。)
* Please attend to the details of the contract before signing it. (簽約前請注意合約的細節。)
* Creativity (n.) 創意、創造力
* 形容詞為 `creative`；`creator` (n.) 指「創作者」。
* Encouraging creativity in children can help them become better problem-solvers. (鼓勵孩童的創造力能幫助他們成為更好的問題解決者。)
* The advertising agency is looking for people with exceptional creativity. (這家廣告公司正在尋找具有卓越創造力的人才。)
* Originality (n.) 獨創性、新穎
* A lack of originality makes the new movie feel like a repeat of old ideas. (缺乏獨創性讓這部新電影感覺像是舊點子的重複。)
* Originality is highly valued in the competitive world of modern art. (在現代藝術的競爭世界中，獨創性被高度重視。)
* Tend
* (v.) 傾向、往往會
* 常見用法為 `tend to + V`。名詞形為 `tendency`。
* I tend to get sleepy in the afternoon if I don't have a cup of coffee. (如果我不喝杯咖啡，下午我往往會感到困倦。)
* People tend to eat more in winter. (人們在冬天往往會吃得更多。
* There is a growing tendency for people to work from home these days. (現今人們居家辦公的傾向日益增長。)
* (v.) 照料
* 常見用法為 `tend (to) + N`。
* He tends his garden every weekend to make sure the flowers grow well. (他每個週末都會照料他的花園，以確保花朵生長良好。)
* The nurse gently tended to the patient's wounds. (護士細心地護理病人的傷口。)
* Courage (n.) 勇氣；膽量
* 形容詞為 `courageous`。
* It takes a lot of courage to admit your mistakes and move forward. (承認錯誤並繼續前進需要很大的勇氣。)
* She showed great courage during the difficult recovery process after surgery. (在手術後艱難的恢復過程中，她展現了巨大的勇氣。)
* Novel
* (adj.) 新奇的、新穎的
* The startup came up with a novel way to recycle plastic waste into building materials. (這家新創公司想出了一種將塑膠廢料回收成建築材料的新穎方法。)
* It’s a novel idea to use virtual reality for historical education. (利用虛擬實境進行歷史教育是一個新穎的想法。)
* (n.) 小說
* I prefer reading mystery novels late at night when it’s quiet. (我喜歡在安靜的深夜讀推理小說。)
* Conventional (adj.) 常規的、傳統的、慣例的
* 通常帶有「中規中矩、缺乏新意」的含義。名詞形為 `convention` (習俗、大會)。
* Conventional medicine is sometimes combined with alternative therapies. (傳統醫學有時會與替代療法相結合。)
* She didn't want a conventional wedding; she wanted to get married on a mountain top. (她不想要傳統的婚禮；她想在山頂結婚。)
* His conventional approach to the problem failed to produce any innovative results. (他對該問題採取的中規中矩的方法未能產生任何創新結果。)
* Cultivate (v.) 培養、陶冶；耕作
* It takes time and patience to cultivate a new habit, like daily exercise. (培養一個新習慣，比如每日運動，需要時間和耐心。)
* The teacher tries to cultivate a sense of curiosity in all her students. (老師試圖在所有學生心中培養好奇心。)
* We have been working hard to cultivate a strong partnership with our clients. (我們一直努力與客戶培養強大的合作夥伴關係。)
* The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans. (村民們主要種植玉米和豆類。)
* Ingenuity (n.) 獨創性、足智多謀、靈巧
* 形容詞為 `ingenious`。
* With a bit of ingenuity, we managed to fix the broken radiator using only a coat hanger. (憑藉一點巧思，我們設法只用一個衣架就修好了損壞的散熱器。)
* The ingenuity of the ancient architects continues to amaze modern engineers. (古代建築師的巧思令現代工程師讚嘆不已。)
* Competitive (adj.) 競爭的、具競爭力的
* 動詞形為 `compete` (競爭)；名詞形為 `competition` (競爭、比賽)、`competitor` (競爭者)。
* The company offers high-quality products at very competitive prices. (該公司以非常有競爭力的價格提供高品質產品。)
* He has a very competitive nature and always strives to be the best. (他有好勝的天性，總是努力做到最好。)
* Generate (v.) 產生、引起、發生
* `generate` 側重於「產出結果、能量」的過程，如 `generate power` (發電)、`generate income` (產生收入)；`create` 側重於「從無到有」的創意行為，如 `create a masterpiece` (創造傑作)。
* Solar panels are used to generate electricity from sunlight. (太陽能板用於將陽光轉化為電力。)
* The new marketing campaign is expected to generate a lot of interest in our products. (新的行銷活動預計會引起對我們產品的極大興趣。)
* Innovative (adj.) 創新的、革新的
* The company is famous for its innovative designs that combine technology and art. (該公司以結合科技與藝術的創新設計而聞名。)
* We need an innovative solution to reduce traffic congestion in the city center. (我們需要一個創新的解決方案來減少市中心的交通擁堵。)
* Employer (n.) 雇主、老闆
* `employee` 表「員工」。
* A good employer values the well-being and professional growth of their staff. (好的雇主重視員工的福祉與專業成長。)
* My employer provided me with comprehensive health insurance and a retirement plan. (我的雇主為我提供了全面的醫療保險和退休計畫。)
* Overshadow (v.) 使相形失色、使蒙上陰影；遮蔽
* Her brilliant performance overshadowed all the other actors on the stage. (她精彩的演出讓舞台上所有其他演員都相形失色。)
* The joy of the victory was overshadowed by the news of the captain's injury. (勝利的喜悅被隊長受傷的消息蒙上了陰影。)
* Grand Central Station in New York is overshadowed by the MetLife Building. (紐約中央車站被大都會人壽大樓遮蔽。)
* Workplace (n.) 工作場所、職場
* 泛指辦公室、工廠或其他執行工作的地方。
* Flexible hours can significantly improve the productivity of the workplace. (彈性的工時能顯著提升職場的生產力。)
* Sexual harassment is strictly prohibited in any professional workplace. (在任何專業職場中都嚴格禁止性騷擾。)
* Opinion (n.) 意見、看法、評價
* He is a man of strong opinions and is never afraid to express them. (他是一個很有主見的人，從不害怕表達自己的看法。)
* I respect your opinion, even though I don't entirely agree with you. (我尊重你的意見，儘管我並不完全同意你。)
* Organizer (n.) 組織者、籌辦者
* The organizers of the concert decided to postpone the event due to the storm. (演唱會的籌辦者因暴風雨決定推遲活動。)
* She is an excellent organizer who can manage multiple tasks simultaneously. (她是一位優秀的組織者，能同時處理多項任務。)
* Arrange
* (v.) 安排
* 常接「事情」作為直接受詞 (不需加 `for`)；若後面接「人」，則必須使用 `arrange`` `**`for`**` ``sb to do sth` 的結構。
* I need to arrange a meeting with the client to discuss the project details. (我需要安排一次與客戶的面談以討論專案細節。)
* We'll arrange a personal interview. (我們會安排一次個人面試。)
* I've arranged for John to meet you at the lobby. (我已安排約翰在大廳與你見面。)
* (v.) 整理、排列
* She arranged the flowers in a vase. (她把花瓶裡的花插好。)
* The librarian arranged the books on the shelf in alphabetical order. (圖書管理員按字母順序排列架上的書。)
* Participant (n.) 參與者、參加者
* `participate` 表「參加」，其名詞形為 `participation`。
* Each participant in the creativity camp will receive a certificate of completion. (創意營隊的每位參與者都將獲得結業證書。)
* The workshop was very successful, with over fifty participants from various schools. (工作坊非常成功，有來自各校的五十多位參與者。)
* Introduce
* (v.) 介紹
* 常見用法為 `introduce A to B`, `introduce oneself`。
* Let me introduce you to our new project manager, Ms. Chen. (讓我向您介紹我們的新專案經理陳小姐。)
* (v.) 引進、推行、提出
* The government plans to introduce a new law to protect endangered species. (政府計畫引進一項新法律來保護瀕危物種。)
* The teacher introduced new teaching methods into the classroom. (老師在教室裡推行新的教學方法。)
* He introduced a topic about environment protection. (他提出了一個關於環境保護的話題。)
* Abstract
* (adj.) 抽象的
* The concept of justice is often discussed in abstract terms. (正義的概念經常以抽象的方式進行討論。)
* She likes to paint abstract art that expresses her inner emotions. (她喜歡畫表達內心情感的抽象藝術。)
* (n.) 摘要
* Please write a short abstract of your research paper before submitting it. (提交研究論文前，請先寫一份簡短的摘要。)
* (v.) 提取、抽取；做...的摘要
* People abstract gold from ore. (人們從礦石中提煉出金子。)
* The researchers abstracted the essential data from the report. (研究人員從報告中提取了關鍵數據。)
* She abstracted the main points of the lecture. (她總結了演講的要點。)
* Theory (n.) 理論、學說；見解
* `theory` 指廣泛的科學或社會學解釋，如 `Theory of Evolution` (演化論)；`thesis` (複數形為 `theses`) 則是指論文或論文的主旨論點，如 `Master's thesis` (碩士論文)；`theorem` 專指數學或邏輯上已被證明的定理，如 `Pythagorean theorem` (畢氏定理)。
* In physics class, we learned about the theory of relativity. (在物理課上，我們學習了相對論。)
* The scientist presented a new theory to explain the formation of black holes. (科學家提出了一個新理論來解釋黑洞的形成。)
* His thesis focused on the impact of social media on teenage mental health. (他的論文集中在社群媒體對青少年心理健康的影響。)
* Now we are ready to prove the main theorem of this paper. (現在我們準備證明本文的主要定理。)
* Interactive (adj.) 互動的、交互式的
* 名詞形為 `interaction`。
* The museum has many interactive exhibits designed for children to explore. (博物館有許多專為兒童探索而設計的互動展覽。)
* Interactive learning can make difficult subjects much more interesting for students. (互動式學習能讓困難的科目對學生來說更有趣。)
* Impression
* (n.) 印象、感想
* 常見用法為 `make/have/leave an impression on sb` (對...有印象、留下印象), `first impression` (第一印象)。
* I had the impression that she was not very happy with the results. (我的印象是她對結果並不是很滿意。)
* His speech left a lasting impression on everyone who attended the conference. (他的演講給所有參加會議的人留下了深刻的印象。)
* (n.) 壓痕
* There was a clear impression of the ring on the table where it had been sitting. (桌上原本放戒指的地方有一個清晰的壓痕。)
* Issue
* (n.) 問題、議題；(雜誌) 期號
* Climate change is one of the most critical issues facing the world today. (氣候變遷是當今世界面臨的最關鍵議題之一。)
* The May issue of the magazine features an interview with the famous singer. (五月號的雜誌專訪了那位知名歌手。)
* (v.) 發布、發行
* The government issued a new statement. (政府發布了一項新聲明。)
* The police will issue a warning to anyone who parks their car illegally. (警方將對任何非法停車的人發出警告。)
* Invite
* (v.) 邀請
* 常見用法為 `invite sb to VR/place/event` (邀請某人做某事/去某處或活動)。名詞形為 `invitation` (邀請；邀請函)。
* We would like to invite you to our house for dinner next Saturday. (我們想邀請您下週六來我們家吃晚餐。)
* We're invited to Alana's party. (我們受邀參加 Alana 的派對)。
* (v.) 招致 (負面事件)
* Such a badly presented exhibition invites criticism. (展覽會辦得這麼差會招致批評。)
* Behaving provocatively in class is just inviting trouble. (在課堂上挑釁只是自找麻煩。)
* Speaker (n.) 演講者；說話者；揚聲器
* The keynote speaker at the graduation ceremony gave a very inspiring talk. (畢業典禮的主講人發表了一場非常鼓舞人心的演講。)
* She is a native speaker of French and is now learning Mandarin. (她的母語是法語，現在正在學習國語。)
* These speakers produce a very clear and high-quality sound. (這些揚聲器產生非常清晰且高品質的聲音。)
* Share
* (v.) 分享、共有；分擔
* 常見用法為 `share sth with sb`。
* I’m so happy that you are willing to share your innermost secrets with me. (我很高興你願意與我分享你內心深處的秘密。)
* We decided to share the cost of the meal to keep it within our budget. (我們決定分擔餐費，以保持在預算內。)
* (n.) 一份；股份
* `the lion's share` 表「最大份額」或「大部分」。
* Alana wants to have a large share of his heart and attention. (Alana 想要佔有他心中大部分的位置與注意力。)
* He took the lion's share of the profits. (他拿走了利潤的最大份額。)
* The company’s share price rose by 5% after the positive quarterly report. (在有利的季度報告發布後，該公司的股價上漲了 5%。)
* Actual (adj.) 實際的；真實的
* The actual performance was much better than what we saw in the rehearsal. (實際的演出比我們在彩排中看到的要好得多。)
* Although the project seemed easy, the actual work took much longer to complete. (雖然計畫看起來容易，但實際的工作花了更長時間才完成。)
* Intriguing (adj.) 引起好奇心的、引人入勝的
* The detective found an intriguing clue that changed the direction of the investigation. (探員發現了一個引人入勝的線索，改變了調查方向。)
* Her life story is so intriguing that a movie studio wants to buy the rights. (她的生平故事如此引人入勝，以至於一家電影公司想購買版權。)
* Project
* (n.) 計畫、企劃、方案
* We are currently working on a collaborative project with a partner in Japan. (我們目前正與一位日本夥伴進行一項合作計畫。)
* The government has launched a new project to improve rural infrastructure. (政府啟動了一項改善農村基礎設施的新計畫。)
* (v.) 投影、投射；預計
* Images were projected onto the large screen during the presentation. (簡報期間，影像被投影在大螢幕上。)
* The company is projected to earn a record profit this year. (該公司預計今年將獲得創紀錄的利潤。)
* Inspire / Motivate (v.) 鼓舞、啟發 / 激勵、推動
* `inspire` 傾向於精神上的感召或創意啟發；`motivate` 則傾向於提供動力、促使某人採取行動。
* The beautiful scenery inspired him to write a poem. (美麗的風景啟發了他寫下一首詩。)
* Her success has inspired many young women to pursue careers in science. (她的成功鼓舞了許多女性追求科學事業。)
* The coach’s speech was designed to motivate the players before the big game. (教練的演講旨在賽前激勵球員。)
* What motivates you to work so hard every day? (是什麼激勵你每天如此努力地工作？)
* Display (v./n.) 展示、顯示、陳列
* The museum is displaying a collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts. (博物館正在展出一系列古埃及文物。)
* He displayed great courage when he rescued the puppy from the burning building. (當他從著火的大樓中救出小狗時，展現了巨大的勇氣。)
* There is a beautiful display of fireworks every New Year's Eve. (每年跨年夜都有美麗的煙火表演。)
* The new smartphone has a high-resolution display for better clarity. (這款新手機配備高解析度顯示螢幕，清晰度更高。)
* Mock
* (adj.) 模擬的、假裝的
* `mock exam/contest` 指「模擬考/競賽」。
* We had a mock interview yesterday to prepare for the real one next week. (我們昨天進行了模擬面試，為下週正式的面試做準備。)
* They performed a mock wedding as part of the theatrical performance. (作為戲劇演出的一部分，他們舉行了一場模擬婚禮。)
* (v.) 嘲笑
* 常見用法為 `mock sb`。
* It’s unkind to mock people for their mistakes. (嘲笑別人的錯誤是不友善的。)
* Contest
* (n.) 競賽、比賽
* `contest` 常指由評審根據特定標準評分的比賽 (如選美、演講)；`competition` 的範圍則較廣，泛指任何形式的競爭 (如商業、體育、生存)。
* She entered a singing contest and won the first prize last year. (她去年參加了一場歌唱比賽並獲得了冠軍。)
* The contest for the presidency was very close and intense. (總統大位的爭奪非常膠著且激烈。)
* (v.) 競爭、爭奪；對…提出異議、爭辯
* Athletes will contest the gold medal. (運動員將爭奪金牌。)
* Several candidates are contesting the upcoming local election. (幾位候選人正在爭奪即將到來的當地選舉。)
* He plans to contest the election results. (他計劃對選舉結果提出異議。)
* Solve (v.) 解決、解答、破解
* The detective worked tirelessly to solve the mysterious murder case. (探員不眠不休地工作以破獲這起神秘的謀殺案。)
* Can you help me solve this difficult math equation? (你能幫我解開這個困難的數學方程式嗎？)
* Real-life (adj.) 現實生活的、真實發生的
* The movie is based on a real-life story of a woman who survived in the wild. (這部電影改編自一個女人在野外生存的真實故事。)
* Using real-life examples can make the lecture more engaging for the audience. (使用現實生活的例子能讓講座對聽眾更有吸引力。)
* Firmly (adv.) 堅定地；牢固地、堅硬地
* He firmly believes that everyone should have equal access to education. (他堅定地認為每個人都應有平等的教育機會。)
* She firmly rejected the offer, stating that it didn't align with her values. (她堅定地拒絕了該提議，聲稱這不符合她的價值觀。)
* Please make sure the rope is firmly tied to the tree before you climb. (在你爬樹之前，請確保繩子牢固地繫在樹上。)
作文百句 30 片語整理
## 片語
* Tend to VR 傾向於...
* Instead of developing her own style, she tends to follow others when it comes to fashion. (說到時尚，她傾向於隨波逐流，而不是發展自己的風格。)
* Come up with N 想出、提議 (點子、計畫、解決方案)
* After hours of brainstorming, we finally came up with a brilliant marketing strategy. (經過數小時的腦力激盪，我們終於想出了一個精彩的行銷策略。)
* How did you come up with such an intriguing project idea for the science fair? (你是怎麼為科學博覽會想出這麼引人入勝的企劃點子的？)
* Nothing but 僅僅、只有、除了...以外什麼都沒有
* 等同於 `only`，但語氣更強烈，常用於描述單調或極端的情況。
* The abandoned house was filled with nothing but dust and old memories. (那棟廢棄的房子裡除了灰塵和舊回憶外什麼都沒有。)
* In spite of his best efforts, he achieved nothing but failure in his first business venture. (儘管他盡了最大努力，他的第一次創業除了失敗外一無所獲。)
* Be likely to VR 很有可能、傾向於
* 結構為 `S + be likely to VR` 或 `It is likely that + S + V`。**不可寫**** ****`It is likely for sb to do sth`** (這是 `possible` 的用法）。
* If the company doesn't innovate, it is likely to lose its market share within a year. (如果公司不創新，很有可能在一年內失去市佔率。)
* Children who grow up in a creative environment are more likely to develop novel ideas. (在創意環境下長大的孩子更有可能產生新穎的想法。)
* It is likely that the price of raw materials will continue to rise next month. (原料價格下個月很有可能繼續上漲。)
* Be overshadowed by 被...遮蔽、使...相形失色
* 可以指實際或抽象意義上的遮蔽。
* The historic building is now overshadowed by the giant skyscrapers surrounding it. (這座歷史建築現在被周圍巨大的摩天大樓遮蔽了。)
* His academic achievements were overshadowed by his brother’s athletic success. (他的學術成就被他弟弟在運動上的成功掩蓋了。)
* Invite sb to VR/N 邀請某人做某事、邀請某人參加
* We decided to invite a professional speaker to share her experiences with the students. (我們決定邀請一位專業演講者來與學生分享她的經驗。)
* They invited me to their wedding anniversary party next month. (他們邀請我參加下個月的結婚週年派對。)
* Have a lot to offer 很有價值、有很多可以提供的 (機會、特點或好處)
* 形容某事物內容豐富且充滿潛力。
* This university has a lot to offer to students who are interested in marine biology. (這所大學對海洋生物學感興趣的學生有很多可以提供的資源。)
* Even though it’s a small town, it has a lot to offer in terms of history and culture. (雖然是個小鎮，但在歷史與文化方面很有看頭。)
作文百句 30 文法整理
## 文法
### 附和句
{% hint style="success" %}
關於「肯定」與「否定」的意思，詳見[此處](#zuo-wen-bai-ju-45-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
{% endhint %}
#### 肯定附和句 (`肯定句, and so + 助動詞/be動詞 + 主詞`)
* 等同於 `肯定句, and S + V, too.`。
* 當前句是肯定句，後句要表達「也一樣」時使用。動詞必須根據「前句動詞時態」以及「後句主詞」來決定。
* The creativity camp was inspiring, **and** so was the keynote speech. (創意營隊很具啟發性，主講人的演講也是。)
* She can solve the math problem, **and** so can her younger brother. (她能解開這道數學題，她弟弟也能。)
* I have watched the movie, **and** so has Alana. (我看過這部電影，Alana 也看過。)
#### 否定附和句 (`否定句, nor / and neither + 助動詞/be動詞 + 主詞`)
* 等同於 `否定句, and S + 否定 V, either.`。
* 當前句是否定句，後句要表達「也不」時使用。動詞必須根據「前句動詞時態」以及「後句主詞」來決定。
* **`nor`**** ****本身具備連接詞的功能，所以它的前面不需加**** ****`and`****；****`neither`**** ****不是連接詞，所以它的前面需加**** ****`and`**。
* I have never been to Paris, nor has my sister. (我從未去過巴黎，我姊姊也沒去過。)
* The cookies aren't sweet, nor is the cake. (餅乾不甜，蛋糕也不甜。)
* Alana is not tired, **and** neither is Kevin. (Alana 不累，Kevin 也不累。)
* He didn't come to the camp, **and** neither did his friends. (他沒來營隊，他的朋友們也沒來。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `nor` 後面接完整子句 (本文用法)
`nor` 在這裡的功能跟 `and`、`but` 相似，但因為 `nor` 本身帶有**否定意義**且放在子句開頭，所以**子句需要倒裝**，且**助動詞不需再加**** ****`not`**。請注意，**剛剛的**** ****`so`**** ****與**** ****`neither`**** ****都沒有這樣的用法**。
* I have never been there, nor do I want to go. (我從沒去過那裡，也不想去。)
* She cannot sing, nor does she want to learn. (她不會唱歌，也不想學。)
* I won't accept this, nor will I apologize. (我不會接受這個，也不會道歉。)
* He cannot swim, nor can he dive. (他不會游泳，也不會潛水)。
{% endhint %}
作文百句 30 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文的寫作邏輯是「動機」→「必要性」→「具體建議與期望」。
第一段作者開門見山，誠實地剖析自己的缺點——缺乏勇氣與獨創性，並使用 `nothing but conventional ideas` 來對比對於 `ingenuity` 的渴望。這種「自我覺察」的寫法能瞬間引起讀者的同情與認同。
第二段則將層次提升到「競爭力」的高度，說明在現代職場中，若不具備創意，就可能輸給別人，這為參加營隊賦予了強大的合理性。
作者在第三段具體提出了三個活動建議——互動式理論學習、學長姊分享、模擬競賽，遵循「理論」→「經驗」→「實作」的邏輯層次感。最後以 `firmly believe` 作結，展現強大的信心。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Breakthrough (n.) 突破
* 指在研究、開發或個人成長上取得的重大進展。
* 對應的動詞片語為 `break through`。
* The two companies reached a breakthrough in negotiations. (兩家公司在談判中達成了突破。)
* This new AI technology is a massive breakthrough in computing. (這項新人工智慧技術是計算領域的一大突破。)
* The small company managed to break through the competitive market. (這家小公司成功在競爭激烈的市場中突圍。)
* Think outside the box 跳脫框架思考
* To stay relevant in the fashion industry, designers must always try to think outside the box. (為了在時尚界保持地位，設計師必須總是嘗試跳脫框架思考。)
* Our boss wants us to think outside the box for ideas on how to launch our new product. (老闆要我們針對如何推出新產品跳脫框架思考。)
* Unleash one's potential 釋放某人的潛能
* The intensive training program is designed to help athletes unleash their full potential. (這項密集訓練計畫旨在幫助運動員釋放全部潛能。)
* This training program is designed to unleash your potential. (這個訓練計畫旨在釋放你的潛能。)
* In this fast-paced and ever-changing world, ...
* 常用於描述現代社會的變動與競爭壓力。
* In this fast-paced and ever-changing world, continuous learning is the key to survival. (在這個節奏快速且瞬息萬變的世界，持續學習是生存的關鍵。)
* Adaptability is key to survival in this fast-paced and ever-changing world. (適應力是在這個節奏快且瞬息萬變的世界中生存的關鍵。)
* What truly matters is not A, but B 真正重要的不是 A 而是 B
* 用於強調核心價值。**A 與 B 必須是**[**對等結構**](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-5-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* What truly matters is not just having novel ideas, but having the courage to put them into practice. (真正重要的不僅是擁有新穎的想法，而是擁有將其實踐的勇氣。)
* What truly matters is not what you say, but what you do. (真正重要的不是你說了什麼，而是你做了什麼。)
* What truly matters is not your appearance, but your character. (真正重要的不是你的外表，而是你的品格。)
* What truly matters is not winning, but taking part. (真正重要的不是贏，而是參與。)
* It is no exaggeration to say + that 子句 毫不誇張地說...
* It is no exaggeration to say that creativity is the most valuable asset in the modern workplace. (毫不誇產地說，創意是現代職場中最寶貴的資產。)
* It is no exaggeration to say that this is the best movie of the year. (毫不誇張地說，這是一整年最好的電影。)
* It is no exaggeration to say that she saved the company. (說她拯救了公司一點也不誇張。)
* **"Creativity involves breaking out of established patterns in order to look at things in a different way." — Edward de Bono** 創造力是指打破既定模式，從而以不同的方式看待事物。
* 適合用在文章結尾作為總結。
* The designer proved that creativity involves breaking out of established patterns in order to look at things in a different way, turning trash into high-fashion clothing. (這位設計師將垃圾轉化為高級時裝，證明了創意需要打破既定模式，以不同的方式看待事物。)
* To solve this complex problem, we must break out of established patterns and look at things in a different way. (為了解決這個複雜的問題，我們必須打破既定模式，以不同的方式看待事物。)
* **"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower." — Steve Jobs** 創新區分了領導者與追隨者
* 強調主動創造與被動模仿的本質區別。
* Our company deeply believes that innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower, which is why we invest heavily in R\&D. (我們公司深信創新是決定能成為領導者或跟隨者的區別，這也是我們投入巨資在研發的原因。)
* True industry leaders never stop innovating; they know that innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. (真正的行業領導者永不停止創新；他們知道創新是區分領導者和跟隨者的關鍵。)
## 寫作建議
撰寫關於「參加活動計畫」或「個人成長需求」的文章時，可以參考以下建議：
* **前後對比**：先描述自己目前的短處，再引導出活動如何能幫助自己進化。這種負向到正向的轉變軌跡，比單純寫「我想學東西」更具渲染力。
* 論述動機時，可以加入與社會生存相關的概念，讓個人選擇變成為了適應社會、提升自我所需的必要戰略。
* 具體描述**願望清單**：例如本文提及 `interactive games`、`student speakers`、`mock contest` 等內容。越具體的細節，越能體現你對該主題的了解程度。
## 31.
1. Johnny had always been a clever student and learned lessons easily. When he started high school, he **assumed** this would continue to be the **case**. As a result, he didn't pay attention in class and would even **doze off** in the middle of **lectures** from time to time. Then, **on** the day of his first math exam, he **overslept** and missed his bus.
2. He had to wait 20 minutes for the next one and was 15 minutes late when he arrived at school. **With his heart racing, Johnny frantically scrambled to come up with the answers**. He knew he had done terribly, so **it came as no surprise** that when the teacher handed back the **graded** test, he saw he **had failed**.
3. After that **humbling** experience, Johnny realized he could not be so **arrogant** about his classes and grades. **Not only did he stay awake and alert** in all of his classes, **but he reviewed** the lessons every night at home to make sure he would never receive a failing grade again.
作文百句 31 單字整理
## 單字
* Clever (adj.) 聰明的、靈巧的
* She came up with a clever solution to the complex coding problem. (她想出了一個聰明的方法來解決那個複雜的程式問題。)
* The fox is known as a clever animal that often outsmarts its predators. (狐狸被認為是一種聰明的動物，經常比掠食者更有智慧。)
* Assume
* (v.) 假設、假定、以為
* 常用於描述在沒有充分證據的情況下，直覺地認為某事是真實的。常見用法為 `assume + N/that 子句`。
* Johnny assumed high school would be as easy as junior high, which led to his poor grades. (Johnny 假定高中會像國中一樣容易，這導致了他糟糕的成績。)
* Many people assume that happiness depends only on wealth, but that is not always the case. (許多人假定幸福僅取決於財富，但事實並非總是如此。)
* (v.) 承擔
* After the director left, the assistant had to assume full responsibility for the project. (導演離開後，助手不得不承擔起計畫的全部責任。)
* Case (n.) 情形；案件；案例；箱子
* `be the case` 表「情況屬實」、「事實正是如此」。
* If that is the case, we will need to re-evaluate our entire plan. (如果情況屬實，我們將需要重新評估我們的整個計畫。)
* The police are still investigating the case of the missing painting. (警方仍在調查名畫失蹤案。)
* In most cases, students find math more difficult than other subjects. (在大多數情況下，學生覺得數學比其他科目更難。)
* Do you see my pencil case? (你看到我的鉛筆盒了嗎？)
* Attention (n.) 注意、注意力
* 常見用法為 `pay attention to + N/V-ing`、`attract/grab attention` (吸引注意)、`distract attention` (分散注意)。
* Johnny failed the test because he didn't pay attention to the teacher's instructions. (Johnny 考試不及格，因為他沒注意到老師的指示。)
* The colorful cover of the book was designed to grab the readers' attention. (這本書色彩鮮豔的封面設計旨在吸引讀者的注意力。)
* Lecture
* (n.) 演講、講課
* 指正式的學術授課或講座。
* The professor gave an interesting lecture on ancient Greek history. (教授發表了一場關於古希臘歷史的有趣演講。)
* The center is hosting a series of lectures on cancer. (中心正在舉辦一系列關於癌症的講座。)
* (v.) 訓斥
* My parents lectured me for two hours about the dangers of staying out late. (我父母就晚歸的危險對我訓斥了兩個小時。)
* Oversleep (v.) 睡過頭
* I overslept this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off. (我今天早上睡過頭了，因為我的鬧鐘沒響。)
* Race (v.) 狂跳、疾行
* 文中 `with his heart racing` 指的是心臟因緊張或焦慮而劇烈跳動。
* My heart began to race when I realized the deadline was only five minutes away. (當我意識到截止日期只剩五分鐘時，我的心開始狂跳。)
* He raced down the street. (他沿著街道飛奔而去。)
* Frantically (adv.) 瘋狂地、手忙腳亂地
* 形容因為極度焦慮、恐懼或急迫而產生的緊張行為。形容詞為 `frantic`。
* She searched frantically for her lost passport just minutes before her flight. (就在飛機起飛前幾分鐘，她手忙腳亂地尋找遺失的護照。)
* The villagers worked frantically to build a barrier before the flood arrived. (村民們在洪水到來前瘋狂地工作以建造屏障。)
* Scramble
* (v.) 匆忙、混亂地移動、爭搶
* 常見用法有 `scramble to (do sth)` (急忙、拼命地做某事)、`scramble for N` (爭奪、搶奪)。
* The government is scrambling to find a solution to the economic crisis. (政府正匆忙尋找解決經濟危機的方案。)
* Thousands of fans scrambled for the best seats at the concert. (成千上萬的粉絲爭先恐後地搶購演唱會的最佳位置。)
* The teams are scrambling for the top spot (球隊正爭奪第一名。)
* (v.) 攀爬
* They scrambled up the hill. (他們手腳並用爬上山丘。)
* (v.) 將事物 (如字母、訊號) 弄得一團糟或混合
* The message was scrambled during transmission. (訊息在傳輸過程中被打亂了。)
* The wind scrambled the papers on the desk. (風把桌上的文件弄亂了。)
* Do you like **scrambled eggs**? (你喜歡炒蛋嗎？)
* (n.) 匆忙、混亂地移動；爭搶；混亂、攪亂
* As soon as the plane landed, there was a scramble to get out. (飛機一降落，人們便匆忙爭著出去。)
* After the accident, it was a scramble to get help. (意外發生後，人們慌亂地尋求幫助。)
* The mess was a complete scramble. (那片狼藉簡直是場混亂。)
* Humbling (adj.) 讓人謙卑的、使人意識到自己不足的、令人感到卑微的
* 描述某種經歷讓人意識到自己的不足、渺小或不再傲慢。
* Losing to a younger player was a humbling lesson for the champion. (輸給年輕選手對這位冠軍來說是一個讓他學會謙虛的教訓。)
* Winning the Nobel Prize was a humbling experience for the scientist. (獲得諾貝爾獎對這位科學家來說是一次令人謙虛的經歷。)
* Arrogant (adj.) 傲慢的、自大的
* No one liked him because he was so arrogant about his family's wealth. (沒有人喜歡他，因為他對自己家族的財富感到非常傲慢。)
* Don't be so arrogant; you still have a lot to learn from your seniors. (別那麼自大；你還有很多地方要向你的前輩學習。)
* Grade (n./v.) 分數、年級；評分
* Studying together helped them get better grades. (一起讀書讓他們可以拿更好的分數。)
* What grade is your cousin in? (你的表弟幾年級？)
* The teaching assistant is busy grading the students' essays this evening. (助教今晚正忙著批改學生的作文。)
* Awake
* (adj.) 醒著的
* **不放在名詞前進行修飾**，通常只放在連綴動詞 (如 `be`, `stay`, `feel`) 後作補語。類似的形容詞有 `asleep` (睡著的)、`alive` (活著的)、`alike` (相像的)。
* I stayed awake all night thinking about the humbling experience Johnny had. (我整晚醒著，思考 Johnny 所經歷的那次慘痛教訓。)
* Even though he looked asleep, he was actually listening to our conversation. (儘管他看起來睡著了，其實他正在聽我們的對話。)
* (v.) 喚醒 (情感、意識)
* 多用於抽象意義。三態變化為 `awake` → `awoke` → `awaken`。
* The movie awoke the old passion. (這部電影喚醒了舊情。)
* Young people need to awake to the risks. (年輕人需要意識到風險。)
* Alert
* (adj.) 警覺的、警醒的
* 常見用法為 `be alert to N`。
* Coffee helps many office workers stay alert during long afternoon meetings. (咖啡幫助許多上班族在漫長的下午會議中保持警覺。)
* Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's behavior. (父母應該對孩子行為的突然變化有所警覺。)
* (adj.) (頭腦) 機敏的、敏捷的
* She was alert and responsive. (她機敏且反應靈敏。)
* A couple of alert readers posted comments on the website pointing out the mistake. (有幾個眼尖的讀者在網路上發表評論，指出了這個錯誤。)
* (n.) 警報
* The government issued a storm alert to warn residents of the upcoming typhoon. (政府發出了風暴警報，以警告居民即將到來的颱風。)
* The army was put on full alert as the peace talks began to fail. (當和談快要破裂的時候，軍隊進入全面戒備狀態。)
* (v.) 使警覺、通知、警示
* 常見用法為 `alert someone to/about N`。
* We alerted the police when we found the dead body. (當我們發現屍體時，便向警方通報。)
* An anonymous letter alerted police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport. (有人給警方寫了一封匿名信，警告機場可能會受到恐怖襲擊。)
* He alerted us about the accident down the road. (他提醒我們前方路上有意外事故。)
* Review (v./n.) 複習 (知識)；審查、核對 (文件、提案、決定)；評論；回顧
* I need to review the chapter tonight. (我今晚需要複習這章節。)
* We will review your proposal. (我們會檢視你的提案。)
* He reviews films for the local newspaper. (他為當地報紙寫影評。)
* Let's review what has happened so far. (我們回顧一下到目前為止發生的事。)
* The teacher distributed a review for the exam. (老師發了一套考試複習題。)
* Employees usually have a performance review once a year. (員工通常一年進行一次績效評估。)
* I always read customer reviews before buying a new product. (我在買新產品前總是會看客戶評價。)
* This paper provides a comprehensive review of the topic. (這篇論文對該主題進行了全面的綜述。)
作文百句 31 片語整理
## 片語
* Be the case 情況屬實、事實正是如此
* If that is the case, we need to change the plan. (如果情況是這樣，我們需要修改計畫。)
* If the data proves our theory right, then we can say this is the case. (如果數據證明我們的理論正確，那我們就可以說情況正是如此。)
* That won't always be the case (情況不會永遠如此。) → 表示情況是暫時的。
* Pay attention 專心、注意、留心
* 後方可接 `to N` 來指定關注的對象或事物。
* The teacher noticed that many students failed to **pay attention in class** because of the heat. (老師注意到許多學生因為天氣炎熱而上課不專心。)
* Please pay attention to the teacher. (請注意聽老師講課。)
* I didn't pay attention to what she was saying. (我沒有注意她在說什麼。)
* Doze off 打瞌睡、不自覺地入睡
* 指在非睡覺時間或不該睡覺的場合因為疲倦或無聊而短暫入睡。
* The professor's voice was so monotonous that I dozed off within the first ten minutes. (教授的聲音太單調了，我在前十分鐘內就睡著了。)
* It is extremely dangerous to doze off while you are driving long distances. (長途駕車時打瞌睡是非常危險的。)
* From time to time 有時、不時、偶爾
* 意思同 `occasionally`, `now and then`，表示動作發生頻率不高但會重複出現。
* Even though they are busy, they still meet for coffee from time to time. (雖然他們很忙，但仍會不時見面喝咖啡。)
* I like to look back at our old photos from time to time to remember the good days. (我喜歡不時回顧我們舊照片，以記住那些美好的日子。)
* Scramble to VR 倉促地做、爭先恐後地做
* The staff had to scramble to prepare the hall after the meeting was moved forward. (在會議提前後，工作人員不得不倉促地準備大廳。)
* Investors scrambled to sell their stocks as the market began to crash. (隨著市場開始崩盤，投資者們爭先恐後地拋售股票。)
* It comes as no surprise (to sb) (that) 一點也不令...驚訝、意料之中
* It comes as no surprise that the restaurant is always full, as the food is delicious. (這家餐廳總是客滿一點也不令人驚訝，因為食物非常美味。)
* It comes as no surprise to me that they broke up. (他們分手對我來說一點都不意外。)
* Hand back 發還、歸還
* Please hand back the test papers after reading. (閱後請將考卷交還。)
* Please hand back the library books on time to avoid paying a fine. (請按時歸還圖書館書籍以避免支付罰款。)
* Be arrogant about 對...感到傲慢、對...自負
* He was very arrogant about his intelligence and often treated others with disrespect. (他對自己的智力感到非常傲慢，經常對他人不尊重。)
* We should remain humble even when we succeed and not be arrogant about our achievements. (即使成功也應保持謙虛，不應對成就感到傲慢。)
* Stay awake/alert 保持清醒/警覺
* `stay` 在此作為[連綴動詞](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-16-wen-fa-zheng-li)，表示持續維持某種狀態。常見搭配還有 `stay calm` (保持冷靜)、`stay healthy` (保持健康) 等。
* Johnny vowed to stay awake in class so that he would never miss any important information again. (Johnny 發誓上課要保持清醒，這樣他就不會再錯過任何重要資訊了。)
* Drivers should always stay alert to their surroundings to prevent accidents on the road. (駕駛員應始終對周遭環境保持警覺，以防止道路上的意外。)
作文百句 31 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Inevitable (adj.) 不可避免的、必然發生的
* 常用於描述某事根據因果、邏輯或自然規律，絕對會發生，無法逃避或改變。
* Given his total lack of preparation, failure in the final exam was inevitable. (考慮到他完全沒有準備，期末考不及格是不可避免的。)
* With the continuous heavy rain, a flood became inevitable in the low-lying valley. (隨著持續的大雨，低窪山谷發生洪水變得不可避免。)
* Price to pay 代價、必須付出的代價
* 通常用於比喻，指為了達成某個目標 (如成功、名聲)，或因為某個錯誤行為而必須承擔的負擔、損失或痛苦。常見搭配有 `a heavy/small price to pay` (沉重/微小的代價)。
* Sacrificing sleep is often the heavy price to pay for achieving academic excellence. (犧牲睡眠通常是追求卓越學業所必須付出的沉重代價。)
* Missing the important bus was the price he had to pay for oversleeping this morning. (錯過那班重要的公車是他今天早上睡過頭所付出的代價。)
* Take it to heart 銘記在心、認真對待
* 指將某人的建議、批評、教訓或鼓勵放在心裡，並產生深刻的情緒反應或實質的行為改變。請注意，這與 `take it personally` (覺得被針對而生氣) 意思不同。
* You should take your teacher's advice to heart if you truly want to improve your performance. (如果你真的想進步，你應該將老師的建議銘記在心。)
* He took the criticism to heart and worked much harder on his next research project. (他認真看待那些批評，並在下個研究計畫中更加努力。)
* Strive for excellence 追求卓越、力求完美
* Our school encourages all students to strive for excellence in both academics and personal growth. (我們學校鼓勵所有學生在學業和個人成長方面都追求卓越。)
* Since the humbling failure, Johnny has been striving for excellence in every subject he takes. (自從那次慘痛的失敗後，Johnny 在他修的每個科目上都一直追求卓越。)
* Learn it the hard way 從慘痛教訓中學會
* 描述不是透過他人的勸告或閱讀書本，而是透過自己**親身經歷**失敗、痛苦、損失或困難，才終於明白某個道理或學會正確的方法。
* I told him not to touch the hot stove, but he had to learn it the hard way. (我告訴他不要碰熱爐子，但他還是得透過慘痛教訓才學會。)
* Many students learn the importance of time management the hard way after failing a major course. (許多學生在當掉一門主課後，才透過慘痛教訓學會時間管理的重要性。)
* Leave no stone unturned 竭盡全力、不遺餘力
* 指為了達成目標、尋找真相或解決問題，嘗試了每一種可能的方法。
* The police promised to leave no stone unturned in their search for the missing child. (警方承諾將不遺餘力地尋找失蹤的孩子。)
* In order to pass the final exam, she left no stone unturned in her studies this month. (為了通過期末考，她這個月在學習上竭盡全力。)
## 32.
1. It's very important for students to learn the skill of **critical thinking**. This is the process of understanding, **evaluating**, and **applying** information in order to **draw a conclusion**. Students should learn how to think **critically** for several reasons.
2. **For one thing**, it will help them **with** their studies. They will be able to write better **essays** and therefore get better grades. **For another**, it has many **practical** uses outside of school and college. Take this year's COVID-19 **crisis**, for example. A lot of **fake** news stories about this disease have been spread around, causing people to make poor decisions.
3. Some wasted money **panic buying** supplies; **others** didn't act **in** safe and **sensible** ways because of what they heard. Critical thinking **demands** that we understand all the facts before we act, and helps us **recognize** the right course of action. This is just one reason why everyone needs to **master** this **essential** skill.
作文百句 32 單字整理
## 單字
* Critical thinking (n. phr.) 批判性思考
* Without critical thinking, people are easily influenced by misleading advertisements. (沒有批判性思考，人們很容易受到誤導性廣告的影響。)
* Process
* (n.) 過程、步驟
* 指達成某個目標所經歷的一系列行動或變化。
* Learning a new language is a slow and gradual process that requires a lot of patience. (學習新語言是一個緩慢且循序漸進的過程，需要很多耐心。)
* This is a complicated manufacturing process. (這是一個複雜的製造過程。)
* (v.) 處理、加工
* 常用於資料處理或食品加工。
* The computer needs some time to process the large amount of data you just entered. (電腦需要一些時間來處理你剛剛輸入的大量資料。)
* The factory processes raw materials into finished goods. (工廠將原材料加工成成品。)
* Evaluate (v.) 評估、評價
* Doctors need to evaluate the patient's condition before deciding on a treatment. (醫生在決定治療方案前需要評估病人的狀況。)
* It is difficult to evaluate the success of the project at this early stage. (在這個早期階段，很難評估這項計畫是否成功。)
* Conclusion (n.) 結論、推論
* 常見用法為 `draw/reach a conclusion` (得出/達成結論)。
* Based on the evidence provided, we can draw a logical conclusion. (根據提供的證據，我們可以得出一個邏輯性的結論。)
* After a long discussion, the committee finally reached a conclusion. (經過長時間的討論，委員會終於達成了結論。)
* Critically (adv.) 批判性地；關鍵地；嚴重地
* 形容詞為 [`critical`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-7-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* To solve complex problems, we must learn to think critically and objectively. (為了獲得解決複雜問題的方法，我們必須學會批判性且客觀地思考。)
* The patient is critically ill and needs constant medical supervision. (那位病人病得很重，需要持續的醫療監督。)
* Several (adj.) 幾個的、數個的
* `several` 通常指「三個以上，但又不至於到很多」的範圍，後面接**可數名詞**。
* Several students remained in the classroom after the bell rang to ask the teacher questions. (鈴響後，有幾個學生留在教室裡問老師問題。)
* I have visited that beautiful coastal town several times during my summer vacations. (在我的暑假期間，我已經去過那個美麗的海濱小鎮好幾次了。)
* Help (v./n.) 幫助、協助
* 常見用法為 `help sb VR`、`help sb with sth`、`help out` (幫忙解決困難或分擔工作)。`help oneself to N` 表「自便、隨意取用 (食物、物品等)」。
* My sister often helps me out with my difficult math homework on weekends. (我姊姊經常在週末幫我解決困難的數學作業。)
* Please help yourself to some cookies and coffee while you wait for the results. (等候結果時，請隨意取用一些餅乾和咖啡。)
* I need some help. (我需要一些幫助。)
* Essay (n.) 文章、論說文、散文、短評
* Students are required to write a five-page essay on the impact of social media. (學生們被要求寫一篇關於社群媒體影響的五頁論說文。)
* I'm trying to structure my essay with a clear introduction and conclusion. (我正試著用清晰的開頭和結尾來架構我的文章。)
* Practical (adj.) 實際的、實用的
* 相對於 `theoretical` (理論的)。描述某事在現實中可行，或具備實質用途。
* This workshop provides practical tips for starting your own business. (這個工作坊提供了創業的實用建議。)
* For many students, learning a practical skill is more important than getting a degree. (對許多學生來說，學習一項實用技能比獲得學位更重要。)
* Crisis (n.) 危機、緊急關頭
* 複數形為 `crises`。
* The government is taking measures to deal with the current economic crisis. (政府正採取措施處理目前的經濟危機。)
* In times of crisis, it is important to stay calm and follow the authorities' guidance. (在危機時刻，保持冷靜並遵循官方指導是很重要的。)
* Disease (n.) 疾病
* 指特定的生理或心理失調，通常有明確的症狀。與 `illness` (生病的狀態) 相比，`disease` 更常用於醫學上的特定病名。
* Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent many chronic diseases. (規律運動和均衡飲食有助於預防許多慢性疾病。)
* Scientists are working hard to find a cure for this rare infectious disease. (科學家們正努力為這種罕見的傳染病尋找治療方法。)
* Waste
* (v.) 浪費、消耗
* 常見用法為 `waste time/money/... V-ing / on sth`。
* You shouldn't waste your energy on arguing with people who don't understand you. (你不應該把精力浪費在與那些不理解你的人爭論上。)
* Many people wasted a lot of time scrolling through social media during the lockdown. (封城期間，許多人浪費了大量時間在刷社群媒體上。)
* (n.) 浪費；廢棄物 (**不可數**)
* 常見用法為 `a waste of sth`。
* It's a waste of time. (這是在浪費時間。)
* It is a total waste of money to buy expensive gadgets that you never use. (購買那些你從不使用的昂貴小裝置完全是浪費錢。)
* Please throw the waste in the recycling bin. (請將垃圾扔進回收箱。)
* Panic buy (v.) 恐慌性購買、搶購
* 過去式與過去分詞為 `panic-bought`。名詞形為 `panic buying`；形容詞為 `panic-buying`。
* When people heard rumors of a food shortage, they started to panic buy essential supplies. (當人們聽到食物短缺的傳聞時，他們開始恐慌性地搶購必需品。)
* The government advised citizens not to panic buy items they didn't actually need. (政府建議公民不要搶購他們實際上不需要的物品。)
* Panic buying during the crisis led to many empty shelves in the local supermarkets. (危機期間的恐慌性購買導致當地超市的許多貨架空空如也。)
* There was a panic-buying spree in supermarkets before the typhoon. (颱風來臨前，超市出現了恐慌搶購狂潮。)
* Sensible (adj.) 明智的、理性的
* 指一個人具備良好的判斷力，能做出合理且切合實際的決定。
* It would be sensible to save some money for future emergencies. (為未來的緊急情況存點錢是明智的。)
* Choosing a safe and sensible route home at night is always a good idea. (晚上選擇一條安全且明智的回家路線總是一個好主意。)
* Recognize (v.) 辨認出；承認、認可
* 常見用法為 `recognize A as B`。
* I could hardly recognize my childhood friend after she cut her hair so short. (在她把頭髮剪得這麼短後，我幾乎認不出這位兒時好友了。)
* I recognized the figure as my old friend. (我認出那個身影是我的老朋友。)
* The international community refused to recognize the new government. (國際社會拒絕承認這個新政府。)
* She is widely recognized as the leading expert in this field. (她被廣泛公認為該領域的頂尖專家。)
* Master
* (v.) 精通、掌握
* It takes years of dedicated practice to master a musical instrument. (掌握一種樂器需要多年的投入練習。)
* She has finally mastered the art of public speaking. (她終於掌握了公開演講的藝術。)
* (n.) 專家、大師、師傅；主人、擁有者；碩士
* He is a master of the piano. (他是鋼琴大師。)
* The dog remained faithful to his master. (這隻狗對主人始終忠誠。)
* He is a Master of Science. (他是理科碩士。)
* Essential (adj.) 必要的、不可或缺的；基本的、本質的
* Fresh water and food are essential for human survival during a crisis. (在危機期間，淡水和食物對人類生存是必不可少的。)
* It is essential that Alana (should) follow the instructions carefully to avoid any mistakes. (為了避免任何錯誤，Alana 必須仔細遵循指示，這點至關重要。)
* The essential point is that we need to act now. (關鍵點在於我們現在需要採取行動。)
作文百句 32 片語整理
## 片語
* In order to VR 為了...
* 表做事的目的或動機。可以用 `so as to VR` 替換。
* We need to master essential skills in order to succeed in the competitive job market. (為了在競爭激烈的就業市場中獲得成功，我們需要掌握基本技能。)
* I cook at home in order to save money. (為了省錢，我都在家煮。)
* He studied hard so as to pass the exam. (為了通過考試，他努力讀書。)
* Draw a conclusion 得出結論、作出推論
* It is still too early to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the new policy. (現在對新政策的有效性得出結論還為時過早。)
* Spread around 散播、傳播 (訊息、謠言或疾病)
* Fake news stories about the virus were spread around through social media platforms. (關於病毒的假新聞透過社群媒體平台迅速傳播開來。)
* Rumors about the company's bankruptcy began to spread around the office. (關於公司破產的謠言開始在辦公室裡散播開來。)
* Make a decision 作出決定、下定決心
* 與 `draw a conclusion` 相比，更強調「採取行動前的決斷」。
* After much thought, Johnny finally made a decision to study harder for his future. (經過多番思考，Johnny 終於下定決心為了未來更努力讀書。)
* The manager needs to make a quick decision to deal with the sudden crisis. (經理需要迅速做出決定以應對突發的危機。)
* It's easy to make a poor decision when you're under pressure. (壓力大時很容易做出錯誤的決定。)
* Because of N/V-ing 因為...、由於...
* 相似用法的片語如下：
* `due to`, `owing to`
* `on account of`：強調「因為考慮到某種理由或情況」。
* `as a result of`：強調「作為某事之後產生的結果」。
* `thanks to`： 帶有正面意味的「多虧了...」，但有時也用於諷刺。
* 請注意，單純寫 `because` 的話，後方要接完整的子句 (`S+V`)。
* The flight was delayed because of the weather. (班機因為天氣的關係而延誤了。)
* The game was canceled owing to the heavy rain that flooded the stadium. (由於暴雨淹沒了體育場，比賽被取消了。)
* We're late on account of the bad traffic. (我們遲到是因為交通擁堵。)
* Thanks to your support, Alana can stay focused and finish these notes even in the middle of the night. (多虧了你的支持，Alana 即使在半夜也能保持專注並完成這些筆記。)
* Course of action 行動方針、做法、處置
* 指在特定情況下所採取的一系列步驟或採取的路徑。
* They should select those courses of action that they feel will best meet their personal objectives. (他們應該選擇最能達成個人目標的行動方針。)
* I would recommend that you get some advice before embarking on this course of action. (我建議你在採取此行動方針之前，先尋求建議。)
* Taking legal action is the only course of action left. (採取法律行動是僅存的對策。)
作文百句 32 文法整理
## 文法
* `It Is + Adj. (+ For/Of Sb) + To VR`
* 在[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-24-wen-fa-zheng-li)曾介紹過，這裡介紹它的另一種可能用法。此句型前面的介係詞通常用 `for`，但當形容詞是描述**人格特質** (e.g., `kind`, `nice`, `polite`) 時，介係詞要改用 `of`。
* It is essential for us to check the facts before sharing any news stories online. (在網路上分享任何新聞報導之前，我們核實事實是至關重要的。)
* It is important for you to exercise every day. (對你來說，每天運動很重要。)
* It was polite **of** Alana to knock on the door before she enters my room. (Alana 進我房間前先敲了敲門，這是很有禮貌的。)
* It is nice **of** you to help me with the hard task. (謝謝你幫我完成這項艱鉅的任務。)
* `Demand That S + (Should) + VR` 虛擬語氣
* 詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-16-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* 文中 `Critical thinking demands that we understand` 即為此句型，省略了 `should`，但後面仍須接原形動詞。
作文百句 32 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文首段開門見山地定義了批判性思考的本質——這不僅是理解資訊，更是評估與應用的過程。接著，作者透過 `For one thing` 與 `For another` 的句型，將學習的好處劃分為「學術表現」與「現實生活運用」兩個層次，這種分點論述法能增強文章的可讀性與邏輯說服力。第二段引入新冠肺炎作為實例，將抽象理論與重大社會事件結合，具體地描繪缺乏批判性思考可能導致的嚴重後果。文章最後在末段收束，並再次強調批判性思考是一項必須掌握的核心技能。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Credible (adj.) 可信的、可靠的
* 反義詞為 `unreliable`。
* It is essential to verify if the source of information is credible before sharing it. (在分享資訊之前，核實其來源是否可靠是至關重要的。)
* Given his history of lying, it was difficult for the jury to find his testimony credible. (考慮到他撒謊的前科，陪審團很難相信他的證詞是可信的。)
* The government received a credible threat regarding a potential cyberattack. (政府收到了一個關於潛在網絡攻擊的可信威脅。)
* Authentic (adj.) 真實的、道地的
* 強調某物不是贗品，而是真正的原件，或完全符合其宣稱的來源、傳統。
* The experts confirmed that the ancient document was indeed authentic. (專家們確認這份古文件確實是真實的。)
* She strives to live an authentic life, staying true to her values regardless of societal pressure. (她努力過著真實的生活，無論社會壓力如何，始終忠於自己的價值觀。)
* When traveling in Italy, we made sure to find a restaurant that served authentic Roman pasta. (在義大利旅行時，我們特地找了一家供應正宗羅馬義大利麵的餐廳。)
* Objective (adj.) 客觀的 / Subjective (adj.) 主觀的
* Scientists must maintain an objective attitude when analyzing experimental data to avoid biased results. (科學家在分析實驗數據時必須保持客觀的態度，以避免產生偏頗的結果。)
* The judge asked the jury to look at the evidence objectively and ignore their personal feelings. (法官要求陪審團客觀地看待證據，並忽略他們的個人情感。)
* Whether a movie is "good" or "bad" is highly subjective, as it depends on individual taste. (一部電影是「好」還是「壞」是非常主觀的，因為它取決於個人的口味。)
* Fall victim to N 成為...的受害者、被...所害
* 比 `be a victim of` 更有「落入陷阱」的意味。
* Without careful evaluation, people easily fall victim to internet scams and fake news. (若不仔細評估，人們很容易成為網路詐騙和假新聞的受害者。)
* He eventually fell victim to his own pride, refusing to listen to the valuable advice of his colleagues. (他最終敗在了自己的傲慢之下，拒絕聽取同事們寶貴的建議。)
* The small coastal village fell victim to the powerful hurricane, leaving many homeless. (這個海邊小村莊深受強大颶風之害，讓許多人無家可歸。)
* Distinguish between A and B 區分 A 與 B
* 也可以寫成 `distinguish A from B`。
* One of the most important skills is the ability to distinguish between facts and mere opinions. (最重要的技能之一就是區分事實與單純觀點的能力。)
* A professional wine taster can distinguish between various types of grapes just by smell. (專業的品酒師僅憑嗅覺就能辨別出各種類型的葡萄。)
* It is hard to distinguish real diamonds from high-quality fakes without special tools. (沒有專業工具，很難將真鑽石與高品質的仿冒品區分開來。)
* Be prone to N/V-ing 易於...、傾向於...
* 通常用於**負面**情況或特徵。
* As a child, he was prone to allergies, so his parents had to be very careful with his diet. (小時候他很容易過敏，所以他的父母必須非常小心他的飲食。)
* People are prone to believing information that aligns with their existing views. (人們傾向於相信與自己既有觀點一致的資訊。)
* New drivers are often prone to making mistakes when navigating heavy city traffic. (新手駕駛在繁忙的城市交通中穿梭時，往往容易犯錯。)
## 寫作建議
* 清晰的分點架構：例如本文使用 `For one thing` 與 `For another`，讓文章結構一目了然，並有效引導讀者的思路。
* 適當引入**時事案例**，讓抽象的道理變得觸手可及，也能展現你對社會現狀的觀察力。
## 33.
1. Failure is not the end, but giving up is. This is my **guiding principle** in life. Some people say their greatest passion is "**in their blood**," or that it comes naturally to them. But for me, that's definitely **not the case**. Though I dearly love dance, I've never been a naturally good dancer.
2. When I started taking **hip-hop** classes as a kid, I had to practice for hours after class just to do the same moves my **peers had mastered** in half the time. I found it **extraordinarily** frustrating that I couldn't seem to get my body to obey my mind. I felt talentless and wanted to **call it quits** until my coach **took me aside** one day.
3. She **praised** my tireless **work ethic** and told me that I would **perform** a **solo** dance at our next **showcase**! My **outlook** changed after that as I **looked back** and realized how far I had come. The more **effort** I had **put in**, the more I had improved, and now I was finally **reaping the rewards**. If you ever **feel like giving up**, just remember **there is no failure except in not trying**.
作文百句 33 單字整理
## 單字
* Failure (n.) 失敗；不及格；故障
* 常見用法為 `failure in sth / to VR` (在某方面的失敗、未能做某事)、`power failure` (停電)。
* **Failure is the mother of success**, teaching us valuable lessons for the future. (失敗為成功之母，為我們未來提供了寶貴的教訓。)
* The project was a complete failure in the market. (該專案在市場上是徹底的失敗。)
* His failure to reply to my letter puzzles me. (他不回信讓我百思不解。)
* The sudden failure of the power supply left the entire building in darkness. (供電系統的突然故障讓整棟建築陷入黑暗。)
* Guiding (adj.) 指導的、引領的、準則的
* 常用於 `guiding principle` (指導原則) 或 `guiding light` (指路明燈)。
* For many successful people, honesty is the guiding principle that governs their actions. (對於許多成功人士來說，誠實是支配他們行為的指導原則。)
* Her mother has always been a guiding light in her life, helping her through difficult times. (她的母親一直是她生命中的指路明燈，幫助她渡過難關。)
* Principle (n.) 原則、準則、信條
* 文中 `guiding principle` 指的是「指導原則、核心準則」。
* Honesty is the basic principle that I always follow in my daily life. (誠實是我在日常生活中始終遵循的基本原則。)
* The machine works on the principle of electromagnetism. (這台機器是根據電磁原理運作的。)
* He is a man of principle, which is why Alana loves him so much. (他是一個有原則的人，這就是為什麼 Alana 這麼愛他的原因。)
* Blood (n.) 血液；血緣、血統
* After the long hike, he felt the blood rushing back into his tired legs. (在長途跋涉後，他感到血液重新流回疲累的雙腿。)
* They are related by blood. (他們有血緣關係。)
* She has Russian blood. (她有俄羅斯血統。)
* Naturally (adv.) 天生地、自然地、理所當然地
* Although she never took piano lessons, she can play beautiful songs naturally. (雖然她從未上過鋼琴課，但她天生就能彈奏優美的曲子。)
* If you don't water the plants regularly, they will naturally wither and die. (如果你不定期澆水，植物自然會枯萎死亡。)
* Naturally, we were all very excited when we heard the good news. (理所當然地，當我們聽到好消息時，我們都感到非常興奮。)
* Definitely (adv.) 肯定地、毫無疑問地、當然
* 形容詞為 `definite`。在口語中，可單獨使用 `Definitely!` 表示強烈贊同。
* The performance was definitely the best one I have ever seen in my entire life. (那場表演絕對是我一生中看過最棒的一次。)
* If you keep practicing with such dedication, you will definitely achieve your goals. (如果你保持這樣的投入繼續練習，你絕對會達成目標。)
* "Do you think he loves Alana?" "Definitely! He treats her with such tenderness." (「你覺得他愛 Alana 嗎？」「當然！他對她如此溫柔。」)
* Dearly (adv.) 深深地、非常；代價高昂地
* 形容詞為 `dear` (親愛的、昂貴的)。常用於描述深刻的情感或重大的代價。
* I love you dearly and will always be there to support you, no matter what happens. (我深深地愛著你，無論發生什麼事，我都會一直在那裡支持你。)
* He paid dearly for his mistake, losing both his job and his reputation in the process. (他為自己的錯誤付出了沉重的代價，在此過程中失去了工作和名譽。)
* Hip-hop (n.) 嘻哈 (音樂、舞蹈及文化)
* Hip-hop is not just a style of music; it's a culture that includes dance, art, and fashion. (嘻哈不僅僅是一種音樂風格；它是一種包含舞蹈、藝術和時尚的文化。)
* Extraordinarily (adv.) 極其、格外地、非比尋常地
* 語氣比 `very` 或 `extremely` 更強。形容詞為 `extraordinary`。
* The little girl showed an extraordinarily high level of intelligence for her age. (那個小女孩展現出了對於她那個年齡來說非比尋常的高智商。)
* The view from the top of the mountain was extraordinarily beautiful at sunset. (日落時分，從山頂看到的景色真是格外美麗。)
* Obey (v.) 服從、聽從、順從
* 指遵從命令、法律、規則或某人的意願。
* Students are expected to obey the school rules and respect their teachers. (學生被期望遵守校規並尊重老師。)
* The dog was trained to obey several simple commands, such as "sit" and "stay." (這隻狗受過訓練，能聽從幾個簡單的指令，如「坐下」和「留在原地」。)
* Talentless (adj.) 無才華的、平庸的、拙劣的
* It is unfair to call someone talentless just because they haven't found their passion yet. (僅僅因為某人還沒找到自己的熱忱就稱其無才華是不公平的。)
* Coach (n./v.) 教練、指導老師；訓練、指導
* 動詞用法常搭配 `coach sb in/on sth`。
* The basketball coach spent hours helping the team improve their defensive strategies. (籃球教練花了幾個小時幫助球隊改進他們的防守策略。)
* She was hired to coach the young executive on his public speaking skills. (她被聘請來指導那位年輕主管的公開演講技巧。)
* Aside (adv.) 在旁邊、撇開
* 常見用法為 `take sb aside` (把某人叫到一邊私下談話)、`set aside` (撥出時間、金錢；撇開不談)。
* The coach took the frustrated dancer aside to give her some words of encouragement. (教練把那位感到沮喪的舞者叫到一邊，給了她一些鼓勵的話。)
* We should put our differences aside and work together to achieve our common goal. (我們應該撇開分歧，共同努力實現我們的共同目標。)
* I need to set aside a few hours this week to finish this project. (我這週得預留幾小時來完成這個專案。)
* We need to set aside our doubts for a moment. (我們需要暫時把懷疑放在一邊。)
* Tireless (adj.) 不倦的、不屈不撓的、精力充沛的
* The doctor received an award for her tireless efforts in treating patients during the crisis. (那位醫生因其在危機期間救治病人的不懈努力而獲得獎項。)
* The police have been tireless in their search for the child's killer. (警方一直在不懈地搜尋殺害這個孩子的凶手。)
* Tony is a tireless worker. (托尼干起活來不知疲倦。)
* Ethic (n.) 倫理、道德準則、規範
* 指個人**內在的**價值觀、信念系統或行為準則時，常用**單數**，如 `work ethic`, `personal ethic`；指**外在的**、群體通用的倫理規範、行為守則時，常用**複數**，如 `business ethics`, `medical ethics`, `professional ethics`。
* Having a strong work ethic is often more important than having natural talent. (擁有強烈的工作態度通常比擁有天賦更重要。)
* The traditional ethic of hard work is deeply rooted in this community. (刻苦耐勞的傳統倫理深深植根於這個社區。)
* The company's code of ethics requires all employees to treat customers with respect. (公司的倫理守則要求所有員工以尊重的態度對待客戶。)
* The committee is responsible for reviewing the professional ethics of all doctors in the hospital. (該委員會負責審查醫院所有醫生的職業道德規範。)
* I believe his actions were a serious violation of business ethics. (我認為他的行為嚴重違反了商業道德。)
* Perform (v.) 表演、演出；執行、完成
* The famous singer is going to perform her greatest hits at the concert tonight. (那位名歌手今晚將在演唱會上表演她的成名曲。)
* Our company expects all employees to perform their duties with integrity. (我們公司希望所有員工都能正直地履行職責。)
* Solo (adj./adv./n.) 單獨的、獨奏的；獨唱、獨奏
* After years of dancing in a group, she finally performed a solo dance on stage. (在團體跳舞多年後，她終於在舞台上表演了一段獨舞。)
* Flying a plane solo for the first time was an extraordinarily frightening experience. (第一次單獨駕駛飛機是一次非比尋常的驚險經歷。)
* The concert began with a piano solo. (音樂會以一首鋼琴獨奏開始。)
* Showcase (n./v.) 展示場、陳列櫃；展示、展現
* The annual talent show is a great showcase for students to display their skills. (一年一度的才藝表演是學生展示技能的好機會。)
* The museum decided to showcase the works of local artists during the summer. (博物館決定在夏季展示當地藝術家的作品。)
* Outlook (n.) 觀點、看法；前景、展望
* 常見用法為 `outlook on sth`。
* Having a positive outlook on life can help you overcome difficult challenges. (對生活持有積極的態度可以幫助你克服困難的挑戰。)
* Economists have a cautious outlook on the country's financial situation next year. (經濟學家對明年國家的財政狀況持有謹慎的展望。)
* Improve (v.) 改進、改善
* 名詞形為 `improvement`。
* The more effort you put into practicing, the more your skills will improve over time. (你投入練習的努力越多，你的技能隨著時間推移就會進步越多。)
* We are constantly looking for ways to improve the quality of our services. (我們一直在尋找改善服務品質的方法。)
* Reap (v.) 收割、收穫、獲得
* 詞源來自農業，指收割莊稼。常見用法為 `reap the rewards/benefits` (獲得報酬/好處)、**`As you sow, so shall you reap.`** (種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆)。
* Farmers in the valley are preparing to reap the harvest before the rainy season begins. (山谷裡的農民正準備在雨季開始前收割莊稼。)
* Our new product allowed us to reap huge profits. (我們的新產品讓我們獲得了鉅額利潤。)
* Reward (n./v.) 報酬、獎賞、回報
* The company offered a large financial reward for information leading to the arrest of the thief. (公司提供了巨額金錢獎勵，以徵求導致竊賊被捕的消息。)
* Hard work eventually rewards those who are patient and determined to succeed. (艱苦的努力最終會回報那些有耐心且決心成功的人。)
作文百句 33 片語整理
## 片語
* Give up (+ N/V-ing) 放棄、停止；投降、認輸
* 接 `N` 表示放棄某個「目標」、「物品」或「權利」；接 `V-ing` 表示停止做某個「動作」或「習慣」。
* He gave up his job to take care of his mother. (他放棄工作來照顧媽媽。)
* Yusuf never thought about giving up his dreams, even when things got extraordinarily difficult. (即使事情變得非比尋常地困難，Yusuf 也從未想過要放棄他的夢想。)
* She gave up skiing after her fall. (她摔倒後就停止滑雪了。)
* I don't think I can guess the answer. I want to give up now. (我猜不出答案。我想放棄了。)
* In one's blood 天生、遺傳、與生俱來的特質
* 常用於描述某種才華、性格或熱忱似乎流淌在血液中，是家族遺傳或天性使然。
* Musical talent seems to be in her blood, as she could play the violin perfectly at the age of five. (音樂天賦似乎流淌在她的血液中，因為她五歲時就能完美地演奏小提琴。)
* Courage is in his blood; he never hesitates to help those in danger. (勇氣是他的天性；他從不猶豫去幫助那些處於危險中的人。)
* Sth comes naturally to sb ...對某人來說是輕而易舉的、天生擅長
* Public speaking comes naturally to him, so he never feels nervous when standing on a stage. (公開演講對他來說是輕而易舉的，所以他站在舞台上時從不感到緊張。)
* Solving complex math problems seems to come naturally to Alana, while others have to study for hours. (解決複雜的數學問題對 Alana 來說似乎是天生擅長的，而其他人則必須學習好幾個小時。)
* Call it quits 放棄、停止、不再繼續
* 常用在感到挫折、疲倦或認為目標無法達成時，決定徹底終止某項活動或關係。
* After working for twelve hours straight without any results, the team decided to call it quits for the night. (在連續工作十二小時卻沒有任何結果後，團隊決定今晚先到此為止。)
* She felt so frustrated with the difficult dance moves that she almost wanted to call it quits. (她對那些困難的舞蹈動作感到非常沮喪，幾乎想要放棄了。)
* Take sb aside 把某人叫到一邊 (私下談話)
* The manager took me aside after the meeting to discuss my performance in private. (會議結束後，經理把我叫到一邊，私下討論我的表現。)
* She took her son aside and gave him a piece of advice. (她把兒子拉到一旁，給了他一個建議。)
* Look back (on sth) 回首、回顧、追憶
* 指在心理上回想過去的經歷、時光或進度。
* When I look back on my college years, I realize how much those experiences have shaped my character. (當我回首大學時光，我意識到那些經驗對我的性格塑造有多大影響。)
* Looking back, I admit I didn't always do the right thing. (回首過去，我承認我並非總是做正確的事。)
* Reap the rewards 獲得報酬、享受到成果、收穫回報
* 指在付出長期努力後終於得到應有的正面結果。
* After months of strict dieting and regular exercise, he is finally starting to reap the rewards of a healthier body. (經過幾個月的嚴格飲食和規律運動，他終於開始享受到擁有更健康體魄的回報。)
* If you put in enough effort now, you will definitely reap the rewards in the future. (如果你現在投入足夠的努力，未來絕對會收穫回報。)
* Put in effort 投入努力、付出心血
* The more effort you put in, the more you will improve your English writing skills. (你投入的努力越多，你的英文寫作技巧就會進步越多。)
* Success doesn't happen by chance; you have to put in a lot of effort to achieve your dreams. (成功絕非偶然；你必須付出大量的努力才能實現夢想。)
作文百句 33 文法整理
## 文法
* `The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V` 越...就越...
* 第一個 `the + 比較級` 表原因 (越...)，第二個 `the + 比較級` 表結果 (就越...)。若上下文清楚，主詞和動詞可省略。
* The older we grow, the more we realize the importance of having a guiding principle in life. (我們年紀越大，就越能意識到人生擁有一項指導原則的重要性。)
* The harder you work, the more success you will achieve. (你工作越努力，就會取得越多的成功。)
* The more books I read, the more fun I have. (我書讀得越多，得到的樂趣就越多。)
* The darker it gets, the colder it becomes. (天色越暗，就越冷。)
* The sooner, the better. (越快越好。)
* `There is no A except in B` 除了在 B 之外，沒有 A
* 使用 `in` 來界定一個唯一的範疇、狀態或情況。請注意，這與 `there's no A except B` 意思**完全不同**。
* There is no true happiness except in sharing your life with someone you love. (除了與你愛的人分享生活之外，沒有真正的快樂。)
* There is no shortcut to success except in consistent effort and dedication. (除了持續的努力與奉獻之外，成功沒有捷徑。)
* There is no way out except in a miracle. (除了奇蹟，別無他法。)
作文百句 33 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與「克服困難」、「追求夢想」相關的詞彙。
* Perseverance (n.) 不屈不撓、毅力
* Perseverance is the key to reaping the rewards of success in any field of study. (在任何研究領域，毅力都是獲得成功回報的關鍵。)
* She showed great perseverance in pursuing her dreams. (她在追求夢想的過程中表現出了極大的毅力。)
* Resilience (n.) 韌性、恢復力
* 原指物體的彈性，引申為一個人在遭受挫折或失敗後，能夠迅速恢復心理健康與鬥志的能力。
* Rubber has more resilience than wood. (橡膠比木頭更有彈性。)
* Healthcare workers displayed extraordinary resilience during the pandemic. (醫護人員在疫情期間展現了非凡的韌性。)
* The resilience of the economy has come as a surprise. (經濟的韌性令人驚訝。)
* Strive (v.) 努力、奮鬥、力爭
* 常見用法為 `strive for sth` (爭取某物) 或 `strive to VR` (力求做某事)。語感上比 `try` 更強調長期的、艱苦的努力。
* The company strives for excellence in every product they create for their customers. (公司力求在為客戶創造的每一件產品中都達到卓越。)
* We should always strive to be the best version of ourselves, no matter how long it takes. (無論花多久時間，我們都應該力求成為最好的自己。)
* Adversity (n.) 逆境、窘境
* The young dancer showed great courage in the face of adversity when she injured her ankle. (那位年輕舞者在腳踝受傷、面對逆境時，展現了極大的勇氣。)
* It is through adversity that we truly discover our inner strength and potential. (正是透過逆境，我們才能真正發現內在的力量與潛力。)
* Indomitable (adj.) 不屈不撓的、不服輸的
* 用於形容意志或精神極其堅定，無法被戰勝或壓制。
* With an indomitable spirit, Alana continued to strive for perfection in her studies. (憑著不屈不撓的精神，Alana 繼續在學業上追求完美。)
* The coach was moved by the athlete's indomitable will to succeed despite her limitations. (教練被那位運動員儘管受到限制卻仍想成功的堅定意志所感動。)
* Diligently (adv.) 勤勉地、孜孜不倦地
* If you work diligently toward your goals, you will definitely see an improvement in your performance. (如果你朝著目標勤勉努力，你絕對會看到表現的進步。)
* The students studied diligently for their exams. (學生們為考試認真地學習。)
* The fruit of one's labor 勞動的成果、努力的結晶
* Standing on the stage for her solo performance, she finally tasted the sweet fruit of her labor. (站在舞台上進行獨舞表演時，她終於嚐到了努力的甜美果實。)
* Success is much more meaningful when it is the fruit of your own tireless effort. (當成功是你自己不懈努力的結晶時，它會變得更有意義。)
* Bounce back 復原、重新振作、(經濟/股市) 反彈
* 常用於經歷疾病、心理創傷、失敗或經濟困難後，恢復到原有的良好狀態。
* She bounced back after being sick in the hospital for weeks. (她住院幾週後恢復元氣了。)
* After the failed experiment, the team bounced back and found a better solution within a week. (實驗失敗後，團隊重新振作，並在一週內找到了更好的解決方案。)
* Stock prices bounced back after a steep plunge. (股市在急劇下跌後回彈。)
* Turn the tide 扭轉局勢、反敗為勝
* 原指潮水轉向，引申為徹底改變事情的發展方向 (通常是**由壞轉好**)。
* The new strategy helped to turn the tide of the failing business. (新策略幫助扭轉了這家失敗企業的局面。)
* The arrival of new evidence turned the tide of the trial in favor of the defendant. (新證據的出現扭轉了審判局勢，變得對被告有利。)
* **Where there is a will, there is a way.** 有志者事竟成。
* My guiding principle is simple: where there is a will, there is a way, so I never give up. (我的指導原則很簡單：有志者事竟成，所以我從不放棄。)
* Don't give up! Where there is a will, there is a way. (不要放棄！有志者事竟成。)
## 寫作建議
以下是針對本篇主題的一些寫作建議：
* 建立**反差**：不要害怕在文章中展現軟弱或笨拙的一面。像文中提到的「花兩倍時間練習卻比不上別人」，這種真實的挫敗感能讓你的故事更具人性，也能讓之後的「努力」變得更有說服力。
* 描述成長過程時，可以提及關鍵人物或事件，作為故事的轉折點。
## 34.
1. **Given** the choice of **adopting** a hamster or a German shepherd, I would choose **the latter**. In fact, I've always wanted to own a large dog like a German shepherd and have considered **buying** one from a pet store. Thinking about it more closely, though, I believe choosing one from an animal **shelter** is the better choice. Most **shelters** are crowded, so I think giving one of those dogs a loving home is **preferable** **to purchasing** one from a **pet store**. Moreover, the **shelter** in the **advertisement** is not far from my home.
2. In many ways, owning a dog is a bigger **responsibility** than keeping a hamster, **financially** and otherwise. **For one thing**, I understand that I must **make it a rule** to take Blaze out for a walk at least once a day, **regardless of** the weather, even when I don't **feel up to it**.
3. **As** a responsible pet owner, I would make sure to pick up and **discard** Blaze's **poop** during our walks. I'm also **aware** that a German shepherd **consumes** a lot of dog food in a month, and I would need to be prepared for that **financial obligation**. **All in all**, though, it would be my great pleasure to have Blaze **as** a pet.
作文百句 34 單字整理
## 單字
* Adopt (v.) 領養；採納、採取
* 除了領養寵物或小孩，也常用於採納某人的建議或採取某種方法。
* The young couple decided to adopt a dog from the local animal shelter. (這對年輕夫婦決定從當地的動物收容所領養一隻狗。)
* The school board adopted a new policy to improve student safety on campus. (學校委員會採納了一項新政策以改善校園內的學生安全。)
* Hamster (n.) 倉鼠
* The little hamster loves to run on its wheel all night long, making a tiny squeaking sound. (那隻小倉鼠喜歡整晚在滾輪上跑，發出細微的吱吱聲。)
* Shepherd
* (n.) 牧羊人、牧羊犬
* The shepherd led his flock to fresh pastures. (牧羊人把羊群帶到新的牧場。)
* The German shepherd is known for its high intelligence and loyalty to its owners. (德國牧羊犬以其高智商和對主人的忠誠而聞名。)
* (v.) 帶領、護送、引導
* 常用於引導人或事物到達某處，帶有指導、看顧的意味。
* The teacher carefully shepherded the students through the crowded museum to ensure no one got lost. (老師小心翼翼地引導學生穿過擁擠的博物館，以確保沒人走丟。)
* She shepherded the proposal through the committee. (她帶領這項提案通過了委員會。)
* Latter (adj./n.) 後者的、後面的
* 常用於 `the former ... the latter ...` (前者...後者...) 的對照結構。
* The first half of the movie was boring, but the latter part was extraordinarily exciting. (電影的前半部分很無聊，但後半部分非比尋常地精彩。)
* She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter. (她提出給我更多的錢或者一輛汽車，我選擇了後者。)
* Own (v./adj.) 擁有；親自的、屬於某人自己的
* Owning a dog is a lifelong commitment that requires a lot of patience and love. (養狗是一輩子的承諾，需要大量的耐心與愛。)
* She wanted to own her mistakes instead of blaming them on others. (她想要承擔自己的錯誤，而不是歸咎於他人。)
* I would love to have a room of my own where I can study English without any distractions. (我希望能擁有一個屬於自己的房間，讓我可以不受干擾地學英文。)
* Pet store (n.) 寵物店
* 指販售寵物及其相關用品 (飼料、玩具、籠子) 的商店。
* We spent the entire afternoon at the pet store, looking at the colorful tropical fish in the tanks. (我們在寵物店待了整個下午，看著魚缸裡五顏六色的熱帶魚。)
* Shelter
* (n.) 收容所、避難所、遮蓋物
* `animal shelter` 專指流浪動物收容所。`take shelter` 指「躲避」。
* Many people volunteered at the animal shelter to help care for the abandoned pets. (許多人自願在動物收容所幫忙照顧被遺棄的寵物。)
* We took shelter under a large tree to avoid getting wet in the sudden rain. (我們在一棵大樹下避雨，以免在突如其來的雨中淋濕。)
* (v.) 庇護、掩護
* 常見用法為 `shelter sb from N`。
* The structure shelters them from the wind. (這結構替他們遮蔽風勢。)
* Crowded (adj.) 擁擠的、擠滿人的
* 常見用法為 `be crowded with` (擠滿了...)。名詞形為 `crowd` (人群)。
* The shopping mall was extraordinarily crowded during the anniversary sale. (週年慶特賣期間，購物中心非比尋常地擁擠。)
* Because the animal shelter is very crowded, the staff are working tirelessly to find new homes for the dogs. (因為動物收容所非常擁擠，工作人員正不懈努力地為狗狗們尋找新家。)
* The subway in Taipei is always crowded during rush hour, so Alana prefers to walk closely with Joseph. (台北的捷運在尖峰時段總是很擁擠，所以 Alana 偏好緊緊地跟著 Joseph 一起走。)
* Preferable (adj.) 更可取的、更合適的、更好的
* 動詞形為 `prefer`。常見用法為 `be preferable to N/V-ing` (比...更好、更合適)。
* I can meet any day next week, but Monday is preferable. (下週哪一天都能見面，但星期一最好。)
* For many people, living in a quiet countryside is preferable to staying in a noisy city. (對許多人來說，住在安靜的鄉下比待在吵鬧的城市更合適。)
* A diplomatic solution is preferable to war. (外交途徑當然要比戰爭好。)
* Purchase (v./n.) 購買、採購；購買物
* 比 `buy` 正式。作為名詞時，指「購買的動作」或「買下來的東西」。
* The company decided to purchase the new equipment to improve the overall quality of their products. (公司決定採購新設備以改善產品的整體品質。)
* Customers are advised to keep their receipts in case they want to return a purchase. (建議顧客保留收據，以防他們想要退回購買的商品。)
* John's most precious purchase was the little treat he bought for Alana after work. (John 最珍貴的採購，就是他下班後為 Alana 買的那份小點心。)
* Advertisement (n.) 廣告、啟事
* 常縮寫為 `ad`。
* Companies spend millions of dollars on television advertisements during the Super Bowl. (公司在超級盃期間花費數百萬美元在電視廣告上。)
* Some people install software that blocks unwanted **pop-up advertisements**. (有些人安裝軟體來阻擋不想要的彈出式廣告)。
* Otherwise
* (adv.) 否則
* 相當於 `if not`，用於引導如果不做某事會發生的後果。
* Hurry up, otherwise you'll miss the train. (快點，不然你會錯過火車。)
* I need to run, otherwise I'll be late. (我得跑了，否則會遲到。)
* (adv.) 除此之外、在其他方面
* 相當於 `except for that`，指與之前提到的相反或不同。**`an otherwise + 正面/中性形容詞 + N`** 表「除了某個已知的負面、特定因素外，整體情況其實是...的」。
* The food was a bit salty, but otherwise, the dinner was extraordinarily delicious. (食物有一點點鹹，但除此之外，那頓晚餐非比尋常地好吃。)
* He has a cold, but otherwise, he is fine. (他感冒了，但除此之外，人沒事。)
* The coffee spill was the only accident in an otherwise perfect morning. (咖啡灑出來是這原本完美的早晨中唯一的意外。)
* A few typos were the only flaws in an otherwise brilliant essay. (幾處打字錯誤是這篇原本才華橫溢的文章中唯一的瑕疵。)
* (adv.) 不同地、相反地
* 相當於 `differently`, `in another way`，指出與所說的內容相反。
* Tell me if you think otherwise. (如果你持不同意見，請告訴我。)
* The report suggested otherwise. (報告暗示了不同的情況/事實並非如此。)
* Regardless (adv.) 無論如何、不顧
* 常見用法為 `regardless of + N` (不管...、不論...)。
* The project was finished regardless. (不顧一切地，計劃還是完成了。)
* The club welcomes all members, regardless of their age or background. (該俱樂部歡迎所有成員，不論其年齡或背景。)
* Regardless of what you think, I will do it. (不管你怎麼想，我都會做。)
* Discard (v.) 丟棄、拋棄
* 指扔掉不再需要或沒用的東西。
* Please make sure to pick up and discard your trash in the proper bins. (請務必撿起垃圾並將其丟棄在合適的垃圾桶中。)
* The old computer was discarded after it stopped working completely. (這台舊電腦在完全停止運作後被丟棄了。)
* Poop (n./v.) 糞便、大便
* 較非正式但禮貌的說法，常用於寵物或小孩。
* A responsible pet owner must always carry plastic bags to pick up their dog's poop. (負責任的寵物主人必須隨身攜帶塑膠袋來撿拾他們狗狗的糞便。)
* My cat always poops right after I finish cleaning the litter box. (我的貓總是在我清完貓砂盆後馬上大便。)
* Aware (adj.) 意識到的、察覺到的、知道的
* 常用結構為 `be aware of sth` 或 `be aware that...`。
* We must be fully aware of the financial obligations before deciding to adopt a large dog. (在決定領養大型犬之前，我們必須充分意識到財務上的義務。)
* Are you aware that the library closes at 9 p.m. on Fridays? (你知道圖書館週五晚上九點關門嗎？)
* Consume (v.) 消耗、消費；吃、喝
* 常搭配能源 (`electricity`)、資源 (`time`, `money`) 或食物。`be consumed with N` (充滿...、被…淹沒，如憤怒、嫉妒等負面情緒)。
* 在[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-14-dan-zi-zheng-li)曾介紹過。
* Most of our time is consumed by work and study, leaving little room for leisure. (我們大部分的時間都被工作和學習消耗掉了，幾乎沒有休閒的空間。)
* The project will consume a lot of time and money. (這個專案將會消耗大量的時間和金錢。)
* He was consumed with jealousy. (他心裡滿是嫉妒。)
* Obligation (n.) 義務、責任
* 動詞形為 `oblige` (迫使、使負義務)。常用於描述法律或道德上的約束。
* Parents have an obligation to ensure their children are educated. (家長有義務確保孩子受教育。)
* We have a moral obligation to protect the environment for future generations. (我們有道德義務為後代保護環境。)
* Pleasure (n.) 榮幸；愉快、樂趣
* 常用於回應他人的感謝 (`My pleasure`) 或表達做某事的感受 (`It's a/my pleasure to VR`)。
* I travel for pleasure, not for work. (我旅行是為了消遣，不是為了工作。)
* She finds great pleasure in reading books and listening to music during her free time. (她發現在閒暇時間讀書和聽音樂有很大的樂趣。)
* It is my pleasure to help. (我很樂意幫忙。)
作文百句 34 片語整理
## 片語
* In fact 事實上、其實
* `in fact` 主要有以下兩個功能。
1. 用來補充更多細節，強化前言，表「不僅如此，事實上更...」。
* The exam was not just difficult. In fact, it was the hardest test I have ever taken. (這場考試不只是難。事實上，這是我參加過最難的一次考試。)
* Alana is very smart. In fact, she has a near-perfect score in every subject. (Alana 非常聰明。事實上，她每一科都拿了近乎滿分的成績。)
2. 用來指出事實與表象，以反駁或修正前言。
* Many people think rabbits love carrots, but in fact, eating too many carrots can make them sick. (很多人以為兔子愛吃紅蘿蔔，但事實上，吃太多紅蘿蔔會讓牠們生病。)
* I thought the test was easy. In fact, it was very difficult. (我以為考試很簡單。其實，它非常難。)
* Be preferable to N/V-ing 比...更好、更合適
* For many students, a constant effort in daily study is preferable to cramming all night before the final exam. (對許多學生來說，日常持續的努力比在期末考前通宵死記硬背更好。)
* In many ways 在許多方面
* 常放在段落開頭或句首，用來銜接後續要列舉的多個理由。
* In many ways, the project was a success, despite the financial challenges we faced. (在許多方面，儘管我們面臨財務挑戰，該專案仍是成功的。)
* In many ways, Candy is more like a guardian angel than just a girlfriend to Steven. (在許多方面，對 Steven 來說，Candy 與其說是女朋友，更像是一位守護天使。)
* Regardless of N/V-ing 不管...、不論...
* 常用於描述原則或規定。
* The company provides equal opportunities to all applicants, regardless of their background or previous experience. (公司為所有應徵者提供平等機會，不論其背景或過往經驗。)
* Feel up to N/V-ing 覺得有精力、體力去做...
* 常用於**否定句**，表示因為疲倦或心情低落而不想或沒體力做某事。
* Do you feel up to a walk? (你有體力去散步嗎？)
* She didn't feel up to going to the party tonight because she was very tired from the mid-term exams. (她今晚不想去參加聚會，因為期中考讓她感到非常地疲累。)
* Make it a rule to VR 規定自己要做...、習慣於...
* Yusuf makes it a rule to review Alana's English notes before going to bed, which makes Alana very proud. (Yusuf 規定自己睡前要複習 Alana 的英文筆記，這讓 Alana 感到非常自豪。)
* Take 人/寵物 out for a walk 帶...出去散步
* 適用於帶寵物、小孩出去散步、呼吸新鮮空氣，強調帶離室內或原有環境。
* I'm going to take the dog out for a walk. (我待會要帶狗出去散步。)
* It's a beautiful sunny day; why don't we take the children out for a walk in the park? (今天陽光燦爛，我們為什麼不帶孩子們去公園走走呢？)
* At least 至少
* 最低限度，有可能更多。
* You should spend at least thirty minutes exercising every day. (你每天應該至少花三十分鐘運動。)
* At least ten dogs were adopted from the shelter this morning. (今天早上至少有十隻狗從收容所被領養。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 相似用法的片語
* at most 最多
* 最高限度，有可能更少。
* The repair work will take at most three days to complete. (維修工作最多需要三天就能完成。)
* The room can accommodate at most fifty people due to safety rules. (基於安全規定，這間房間最多只能容納五十人。)
* at best 充其量、在最好的情況下
* 通常暗示其實沒那麼好。
* The old car's engine is, at best, unreliable. (這輛舊車的引擎充其量只能說是不太可靠。)
* Without further training, he will be an average player at best. (如果沒有進一步訓練，他充其量只能成為一名普通的球員。)
* at worst 最壞的情況下
* 用於預測最糟的結果。
* At worst, we will have to call it quits and start over again. (最壞的情況下，我們必須放棄並重新開始。)
* At worst, the injury will keep you away from the court for a month. (最壞的情況下，這次受傷會讓你在一個月內無法上場。)
{% endhint %}
* Be aware that... / Be aware of N 意識到...、察覺到...
* Citizens should be aware that their actions have a significant impact on the environment and the planet's future. (公民應該意識到他們的行為對環境與地球的未來有重大影響。)
* He is not aware of the coming danger. (他不知道即將到來的危險。)
作文百句 34 文法整理
## 文法
* `Given N/V-ing, S + V` 考量到...、鑒於...
* 也可以寫 `Given that + S + V, S + V`。
* 雖然理論上逗號後的主詞應該與前面相同，才不會產生[懸空分詞](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-6-wen-fa-zheng-li)的情況，但此句型已被視為一個固定的慣用語，故**不強制要求主詞一致**。
* Given his lack of experience, he did an extraordinarily good job. (考慮到他缺乏經驗，他做得非比尋常地出色。)
* Given that it's a holiday today, the pet store might be very crowded. (考慮到今天是假日，寵物店可能會非常擁擠。)
* Given the current financial obligation, we should rethink our plan to adopt a second dog. (考慮到目前的財務義務，我們應該重新考慮領養第二隻狗的計畫。)
* 次數與頻率的表達
* 結構為`次數 + 時間單位`，表「每隔一段時間發生幾次」。
* 當次數為 1 時，用 `once`；次數為 2 時，用 `twice`；次數為 3 以上時，用`數字 + times` (如 `three times`, `four times`, ...)。
* 時間單位如 `an hour`, `a day`, `a week`, `a month`, `a year`。
* You must brush its fur at least twice a week to keep it shiny. (你必須每週至少幫牠梳兩次毛，以保持光澤。)
* I make it a rule to review Alana's notes three times a day. (我規定自己每天要複習 Alana 的筆記三次。)
作文百句 34 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Abandon (v.) 遺棄；放棄、中止
* The heartless owner decided to abandon the sick dog on the side of a busy highway. (那位狠心的主人決定將生病的狗遺棄在繁忙的公路邊。)
* We had to abandon our hiking trip because of the heavy rain. (因為雨勢太大，我們不得不中止健行之旅。)
* She abandoned her dream of becoming a singer. (她放棄了成為歌手的夢想。)
* Fulfill (v.) 履行、實現；使滿意、滿足
* 指完成任務、達成願望或履行法定義務。常見用法如 `fulfill an obligation` (履行義務), `fulfill a promise` (履行諾言), `fulfill a dream` (實現夢想), `fulfill a requirement` (滿足要求)。
* By paying for the medical bills, the owner fulfilled his financial obligation to his pet. (透過支付醫療費用，主人履行了對其寵物的財務義務。)
* He worked tirelessly for years to fulfill his lifelong dream of becoming a professional dancer. (他不懈努力多年，以實現他成為專業舞者的終身夢想。)
* The new product failed to fulfill the customers' high expectations. (這款新產品未能滿足顧客的高期望。)
* Shoulder (v.) 肩負、承擔
* 常用於抽象概念，表示自願或被迫承擔起沉重的負擔、責任或開支。常見用法如 `shoulder the blame/responsibility` (承擔責備/責任)、`shoulder the cost` (負擔費用)。
* As a pet owner, you must be prepared to shoulder the responsibility of caring for a living creature. (作為飼主，你必須準備好承擔照顧一個生命的責任。)
* The young manager had to shoulder the responsibility for the failure of the entire project. (那位年輕的經理不得不為整個專案的失敗承擔責任。)
* Governments should shoulder the cost of providing clean water to all citizens. (政府應該負擔為所有公民提供乾淨飲水的費用。)
* Lifelong commitment (n. phr.) 終身的承諾、一輩子的責任
* 強調這是一段不會因為時間、環境或心情改變而終止的嚴肅關係。後面可接 `to N/V-ing` 表承諾的對象。
* Marriage is considered a lifelong commitment by many cultures around the world. (世界上的許多文化都將婚姻視為一種終身的承諾。)
* She showed a lifelong commitment to protecting endangered species in the wild. (她展現了對保護野生瀕危物種的終身奉獻。)
* Unconditional love (n. phr.) 無條件的愛
* 指一種不求回報、不設前提的極致情感，常用於描述寵物、父母或深厚的情誼。
* 也可以寫成 `love someone unconditionally`。
* Dogs are often called man's best friend because of the unconditional love they provide. (狗常被稱為人類最好的朋友，因為牠們提供無條件的愛。)
* A mother's unconditional love helps a child grow up with confidence and security. (母親無條件的愛能幫助孩子在自信與安全感中成長。)
* **Adopt, don't shop** 領養代替購買
* 這是動保界的核心口號。
* We should promote the slogan "Adopt, don't shop" to help clear out the crowded animal shelters. (我們應該推廣「領養代替購買」的口號，以幫助清空擁擠的動物收容所。)
* The "Adopt, don't shop" movement has saved thousands of abandoned pets from being euthanized. (「領養代替購買」運動已經從安樂死中拯救了數千隻被遺棄的寵物。)
* Instead of buying a purebred dog, he chose to adopt, don't shop and found a loyal companion at the shelter. (他沒有購買純種犬，而是選擇領養代替購買，並在收容所找到了一個忠誠的伴侶。)
## 35.
1. I've always dreamed of becoming a **pastry chef**. I have had a **sweet tooth** since I was a child. I enjoy eating all sorts of desserts after almost every meal. To me, a meal is **not complete** if it doesn't **end with** apple pie or cheesecake. Whenever I pass by a **bakery**, I cannot **resist** going in and picking up some sweet **treats** to **delight** my **taste buds**. I really admire **pastry chefs** for their creativity and **ingenuity**.
2. This is why I want to become a dessert **chef**. What's more, **pastry chefs** are very much **in demand** everywhere nowadays, whether at **bakeries**, restaurants, weddings, or even on **cruise ships**. I joined a **pastry cooking class** at my school this year. Every Wednesday evening after school, a retired **chef** from a famous restaurant comes and teaches us how to make **a variety of** fine desserts. In the beginning, he taught us a lot about food preparation like **precise** **measurements**, temperature control, and **dough** rise times. In recent **sessions**, he **demonstrated** how to make **pastry dough** **from scratch** and had each of us prepare a **batch**.
3. Since gaining some **practical** experience **under his guidance**, I've begun to make some **tarts** and cookies for my family and friends on weekends and have asked them to give me **feedback**. I kept reminding myself to **hone** my skills by **constant** practice if I want to become a great **chef**. In the future, perhaps, I may **pursue a career** as a **pastry chef** or keep it as a lifelong passion.
作文百句 35 單字整理
## 單字
* Pastry chef (n.) 點心主廚、甜點師
* 專指在餐廳、飯店或烘焙坊中負責製作蛋糕、派、餅乾等甜食的專業廚師。其中，`pastry` 表「麵點」、「甜點」。
* The pastry chef at the hotel creates beautiful cakes every single day. (飯店的甜點師每天都會創造出漂亮的蛋糕。)
* Sweet tooth (n.) 愛吃甜食、對甜食的喜好
* 通常搭配 `have` 使用，例如 `have a sweet tooth`，表「愛吃甜食」**。**
* If you have a sweet tooth, you will definitely love the chocolate tarts at this bakery. (如果你愛吃甜食，你絕對會喜歡這間烘焙坊的巧克力塔。)
* He has a sweet tooth, so Alana always prepares a little dessert for him after dinner. (他愛吃甜食，所以 Alana 總是在晚餐後為他準備一點甜點。)
* Dessert (n.) 甜點、甜食
* 請注意不要與 `desert` (沙漠；拋棄、遺棄、擅離 (職守、職務)) 搞混。
* The chocolate lava cake is the most popular dessert on the menu. (巧克力熔岩蛋糕是菜單上最受歡迎的甜點。)
* We decided to skip the main course and head straight for dessert. (我們決定跳過主餐，直接去吃甜點。)
* Meal (n.) 一餐、膳食
* The hotel provides three healthy meals a day for all its guests. (飯店為所有賓客提供一日三餐健康的膳食。)
* Cooking a home-cooked meal requires time, but it is much healthier than eating out. (做一頓家常便飯需要時間，但比外食健康得多。)
* Pie (n.) 派、餡餅
* `as easy as pie` 形容事情非常簡單，請注意這裡的 `pie` 前面沒有冠詞 `a`。
* Would you like a slice of pumpkin pie with some whipped cream on top? (你想來一塊上面加了鮮奶油的南瓜派嗎？)
* Solving these math problems is as easy as pie for Alana because she is very smart. (對 Alana 來說，解決這些數學題簡直易如反掌，因為她非常聰明。)
* Cheesecake (n.) 芝士蛋糕、乳酪蛋糕
* This New York-style cheesecake is rich, creamy, and delicious. (這款紐約風格的芝士蛋糕濃郁、滑順且美味。)
* I prefer cheesecake to sponge cake because of its dense and smooth texture. (比起海綿蛋糕，我更喜歡芝士蛋糕，因為它口感綿密滑順。)
* Bakery (n.) 烘焙坊、麵包店
* 指製作並販售麵包、蛋糕及各式甜點的場所。
* The delicious aroma of freshly baked bread always draws people into the bakery. (現烤麵包的誘人香氣總是吸引人們走進這家烘焙坊。)
* There is a small family-owned bakery on the corner that sells the best croissants. (街角有一家小型的家族經營烘焙坊，販售最好的可頌麵包。)
* Resist (v.) 抵擋、抗拒、忍住
* 指努力不讓自己受到誘惑、影響或攻擊。常見用法為 `resist N/V-ing`。
* The soldiers were ordered to resist the enemy attack until the reinforcements arrived. (士兵們受命抵擋敵人的進攻，直到增援部隊抵達。)
* I simply cannot resist buying sweet treats whenever I smell the scent of vanilla. (每當我聞到香草味，我就完全無法抗拒購買甜點的誘惑。)
* He tried to resist her teasing, but he eventually gave in to her charms. (他試圖抵擋她的捉弄，但最終還是屈服於她的魅力之下。)
* Treat
* (n.) 招待、款待；點心
* `my treat` 表「我請客」。**`Trick or treat!`** 表「不給糖就搗蛋」。
* After the long exam, the students deserved a special treat like a trip to the beach. (在漫長的考試後，學生們理應得到一份特殊的獎勵，比如去海邊旅行。)
* It’s my treat today, so feel free to order whatever you want from the menu. (今天我請客，所以儘管從菜單上點你想吃的東西吧。)
* My dog always gets a small treat after we finish our daily walk. (我的狗在我們完成每日散步後總是會得到一小塊點心。)
* (v.) 對待
* 常見用法為 `treat sb with...` (以...的態度對待...)、`treat A as B` (把 A 當作 B)。
* He treated his wife very badly. (他對妻子很不好。)
* I always try to treat everyone with kindness. (我總是試著善良地對待所有人。)
* Don't treat teenagers as kids. (不要把青少年當作小孩子看。)
* (v.) 招待、請客；犒賞
* 常見用法為 `treat sb (to N)`，表「招待... (去.../吃...)」。
* You don't need to worry. I'll treat you. (別擔心，我請你。)
* I want to treat you to dinner. (我想請你吃晚餐。)
* He treated his wife to a movie. (他請妻子去看電影。)
* I'm going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes. (我要給自己買雙新涼鞋做為犒賞。)
* (v.) 治療
* 常見用法為 `treat + 疾病/病人`。
* She is being treated for a bad cold. (她正為嚴重感冒接受治療。)
* The disease is easier to treat if detected in the early stages. (若早期發現，這個疾病較容易治療。)
* Delight
* (v.) 使愉悅、欣喜
* 常見用法為 `delight sb`。
* The magician's performance delighted the audience, especially the young children in the front row. (魔術師的表演讓觀眾很開心，特別是前排的小朋友們。)
* The news that we were going to the beach for our vacation brought delight to everyone in the family. (我們要去海邊度假的消息給家裡的每個人都帶來了驚喜。)
* (n.) 愉悅、欣喜
* 常見用法為 `to one's delight` (令某人欣喜的是), `take delight in N/V-ing` (以...為樂)。
* To the teacher's great delight, all of the students passed the difficult final exam. (令老師大為欣喜的是，所有的學生都通過了那場困難的期末考。)
* She takes delight in her work. (她很喜愛她的工作。)
* The media has taken delight in reporting every detail of the crisis. (媒體熱衷於報導危機的每個細節。)
* Taste bud (n.) 味蕾
* 通常以複數形式 **`taste buds`** 出現。
* Spicy food can sometimes overwhelm your taste buds, making it hard to appreciate the subtle flavors of a dish. (辛辣的食物有時會刺激你的味蕾，讓人難以品味菜餚中細膩的味道。)
* The chef prepared a special sauce designed to awaken the diners' taste buds. (主廚準備了一種特製醬汁，旨在喚醒食客們的味蕾。)
* Admire (v.) 欽佩、仰慕、欣賞
* 常見用法為 `admire sb for sth` (因某事而欽佩某人)。
* She spent hours standing in front of the masterpiece, admiring the artist's attention to detail. (她在那幅傑作前站了好幾個小時，欣賞藝術家對細節的專注。)
* The bride wore a stunning white dress that everyone admired as she walked down the aisle. (新娘穿著一件令人驚嘆的白紗，當她走過紅毯時，每個人都讚不絕口。)
* I really admire Alana for her indomitable spirit when facing such a heavy study load. (我真的很欽佩 Alana 在面對如此沉重的學習負擔時所展現出的不屈不撓精神。)
* You should admire yourself for how far you have come in your English learning journey. (你應該為你在英文學習旅程中所取得的成就而感到自豪。)
* Nowadays (adv.) 現今、現時、當今
* Nowadays, more and more people are choosing to work from home to save time on commuting. (現今，越來越多的人選擇居家辦公，以節省通勤時間。)
* It is difficult to find a quiet place in the city nowadays because of the constant construction. (現今在城市裡很難找到安靜的地方，因為到處都在施工。)
* Wedding (n.) 婚禮
* 常見搭配有 `wedding ceremony` (婚禮儀式), `wedding reception` (婚禮宴會), `wedding anniversary` (結婚紀念日)。
* We were invited to a beautiful outdoor wedding held in a botanical garden last Sunday. (上週日，我們受邀參加了一場在植物園舉行的美麗戶外婚禮。)
* To Alana, the most important thing at a wedding is the unconditional love shared between the couple. (對 Alana 來說，婚禮上最重要的事情是新人之間共享的無條件的愛。)
* Cruise ship (n.) 郵輪、遊輪
* 動詞 `cruise` 表「巡航」、「緩慢前行」。
* The cruise ship provides a wide range of entertainment, including theaters, swimming pools, and fancy restaurants. (這艘郵輪提供各式各樣的娛樂，包括戲院、游泳池和高級餐廳。)
* The massive cruise ship slowly entered the harbor as the sun began to set. (當夕陽西下時，巨大的郵輪緩緩進入港口。)
* Retired (adj.) 退休的
* 動詞形為 `retire`。
* The retired professor continues to share his knowledge by writing books and giving free lectures. (那位退休教授繼續透過寫書和提供免費講座來分享他的知識。)
* After he retired from the military, he decided to open a small bakery in his hometown. (他從軍隊退休後，決定在故鄉開一家小烘焙坊。)
* Famous (adj.) 著名的、出名的
* 常見用法為 `be famous for N` (因...而著名), `be famous as N` (以...的身分而聞名)。兩者意思不同，請留意。
* The small town is famous for its extraordinarily delicious apple pies and friendly people. (這個小鎮因其非比尋常地美味的蘋果派和友善的人民而聞名。)
* The actor became famous as a hero in several action movies before he retired. (那位演員在退休前因在幾部動作片中飾演英雄而聞名。)
* Restaurant (n.) 餐廳、飯館
* We celebrated our Valentine's Day at a fancy French restaurant overlooking the city. (我們在一家可以俯瞰城市景致的高級法國餐廳慶祝我們的情人節。)
* Variety (n.) 多樣性、變化、種類
* 常見用法為 `a variety of N` (各種各樣的...)。
* **Variety is the spice of life.** (變化是生活的調味料。)
* The buffet offers a wide variety of desserts, ranging from cheesecakes to fresh fruit tarts. (自助餐提供各式各樣的甜點，從芝士蛋糕到新鮮水果塔應有盡有。)
* Fine (adj.) 精緻的、優質的、細緻的；天氣晴朗；身體很好、情況很好
* The museum displays a collection of fine jewelry from the 18th century. (這間博物館展示了一系列 18 世紀的精緻珠寶。)
* We had a fine dining experience at the Michelin-starred restaurant last night. (我們昨晚在米其林星級餐廳有一場優質的用餐體驗。)
* The pastry chef uses a fine sieve to ensure the flour is perfectly smooth for the cake. (甜點師使用細篩網以確保製作蛋糕的麵粉完全平滑。)
* It is a fine day. (天氣很好。)
* I am fine, thank you. (我很好，謝謝。)
* Preparation (n.) 準備、預備、製備
* 動詞形為 `prepare`。常見用法為 `in preparation for N` (為...做準備)。
* Careful preparation is the key to success when you are taking a difficult exam. (當你參加一場困難的考試時，細心的準備是成功的關鍵。)
* In preparation for the wedding, the couple decorated the entire garden with white roses. (為了幫婚禮做準備，這對新人用白玫瑰裝飾了整個花園。)
* Precise (adj.) 精確的、準確的；嚴謹的
* 強調數字、時間或描述的極度準確，沒有絲毫偏差。
* Baking requires precise measurements of ingredients, otherwise the cake will not rise properly. (烘焙需要精確的食材測量，否則蛋糕不會正常膨脹。)
* The scientist provided a precise description of the chemical reaction in the report. (科學家在報告中提供了該化學反應的精確描述。)
* It is important to be precise when you are explaining a complex grammar rule to someone. (當你向某人解釋複雜的文法規則時，準確是很重要的。)
* Measurement (n.) 測量、尺寸、分量
* 可以用來指測量的行為，也可以指測量出來的數據。動詞形為 `measure`。
* Accurate measurement is crucial in science. (精確的測量在科學中至關重要。)
* The imperial system of measurement is still used. (英制測量系統仍在使用。)
* According to the measurements provided in the recipe, we need exactly 200 grams of butter. (根據食譜中提供的分量，我們正好需要 200 克的奶油。)
* Temperature (n.) 溫度、體溫、氣溫
* `room temperature` 表「室溫」、`body temperature` 表「體溫」。
* It is very important to keep the dough at room temperature so that it can rise properly. (將麵團保持在室溫下是非常重要的，這樣它才能正常發酵。)
* She is running a high temperature. (她正在發高燒。)
* Dough (n.) 麵團、生麵糰
* 指麵粉、水和其他食材混合後，具有黏性且可塑形的半固體狀物。
* She spent the entire morning kneading the bread dough by hand to make it smooth. (她花了整個早上親手揉麵包麵團，好讓它變得滑順。)
* Make sure to cover the pastry dough with a damp cloth to prevent it from drying out. (務必用濕布蓋住酥皮麵團，防止其變乾。)
* Recent (adj.) 最近的、近期的
* Due to recent changes in the market, the local bakery decided to adjust its prices. (由於近期市場的變化，當地的烘焙坊決定調整價格。)
* Have you seen any of the recent movies starring that famous retired actor? (你看過那位著名退休演員最近演的任何電影嗎？)
* Session (n.) 一段時間、場、節、會議
* `in session` 表「開會中」、「上課中」。
* We need a few more sessions talking about this issue. (我們需要一些時間來討論這個問題。)
* After a long **study session**, Alana decided to enjoy some apple pie as a treat. (在一場長時間的學習後，Alana 決定吃點蘋果派作為犒賞。)
* Access is restricted when school is in session. (學校上課時間是不能隨便進入的。)
* Scratch
* (n.) 抓痕、刮痕、擦傷
* There is a deep scratch on the screen. (螢幕上有條深劃痕。)
* I only got a few minor scratches. (我只受了點輕微擦傷。)
* (v.) 抓、刮、擦傷
* She scratched her itchy arm. (她抓了抓發癢的手臂。)
* I scratched my car on the fence. (我把車子在圍欄上刮傷了。)
* He scratched himself when he fell. (他摔倒時擦傷了自己。)
* Batch (n.) 一批、一爐
* 指在同一時間產出、處理或製造的一組事物。常見用法為 `a batch of + 可數名詞`。
* The factory produces a new batch of these high-quality baking tools every month. (工廠每個月都會生產一批這種高品質的烘焙工具。)
* We processed the applications in two batches. (我們分兩批處理這些申請。)
* The first batch of freshly baked croissants was sold out within only ten minutes. (第一批現烤的可頌麵包在短短十分鐘內就售罄了。)
* Gain (v./n.) 獲得、增加、贏得
* Since gaining some practical experience under the chef's guidance, Sam has become much more confident in the kitchen. (自從在主廚的指導下獲得一些實務經驗後，Sam 在廚房裡變得更有自信了。)
* The company gained a large number of new customers after launching their recent advertisement. (公司在發布最近的廣告後獲得了大量新客戶。)
* There is no gain without some struggle, just like there is no fine dessert without Alana's hard work. (沒有奮鬥就沒有收穫，就像沒有 Alana 的努力就沒有精緻甜點一樣。)
* Tart
* (n.) 塔、甜餡餅
* 一種外皮通常是塔皮，內餡外露的烘焙食品，可甜可鹹，例如 `fruit tart` (水果塔)、`lemon tart` (檸檬塔)、`jam tart` (果醬塔)。
* I've begun to make some strawberry tarts and lemon cookies for my family and friends on weekends. (我開始在週末為家人和朋友做一些草莓塔和檸檬餅乾。)
* (adj.) 酸的、尖刻的
* 形容味道酸，或言語尖酸刻薄。
* The green apples we picked yesterday have a very tart flavor, making them perfect for baking. (我們昨天採的青蘋果味道很酸，非常適合用來烘焙。)
* She gave him a tart reply when he asked a silly question during the pastry cooking class. (當他在點心烹飪課上問了一個愚蠢的問題時，她給了他一個尖刻的回覆。)
* Feedback (n.) 回饋、意見、反應
* 為**不可數名詞**。常見搭配為 `give/provide feedback`。
* After serving the apple pie, I asked my friends to give me feedback so that I could improve my skills. (端上蘋果派後，我請朋友們給我回饋，以便我提升技巧。)
* Constructive feedback from teachers is crucial for students who want to hone their writing skills. (老師提供的建設性意見對於想要磨練寫作技巧的學生來說至關重要。)
* Remind (v.) 提醒、使想起
* 常見用法為 `remind sb to VR` (提醒某人去做某事)、`remind sb of sth/sb` (使某人想起某事/某人)。
* Please remind me to purchase some eggs and flour at the bakery on my way home. (請提醒我在回家的路上在烘焙坊買些雞蛋和麵粉。)
* This old song always reminds Candy of the first time she met her boyfriend in the library. (這首老歌總是讓 Candy 想起她第一次在圖書館遇見男朋友的時候。)
* She reminded me that I had a doctor's appointment. (她提醒我我有預約醫生。)
* Hone (v.) 磨礪、磨練、提升 (技能)
* 原意指在磨刀石上磨利工具。現常用於描述透過長期練習來提升某項技術。
* He used a whetstone to hone the edge of his knife. (他用磨刀石磨刀刃。)
* Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. (她的辯論技巧是在學生會裡磨練出來的。)
* The young athlete spent hours every day honing his movements on the field. (那位年輕運動員每天花好幾個小時在場上磨練他的動作。)
* Constant
* (adj.) 不斷的、持續的、恆定的
* To become a master in any field, one needs to put in constant effort and never give up. (要在任何領域成為大師，都需要投入不斷的努力且絕不放棄。)
* The constant noise from the construction site made it extraordinarily difficult for me to focus on my study. (建築工地不斷傳來的噪音讓我非比尋常地難以專注於學習。)
* The temperature in the oven must be kept at a constant level to ensure the dough rises perfectly. (烤箱內的溫度必須保持在恆定水準，以確保麵團完美發酵。)
* (n.) 常數
* 指在自然界或計算中，數值固定的量，與 `variable` (變數) 相對。
* In the ideal gas equation, R is a constant, while P, V, n, and T are variables. (在理想氣體方程中，R 是常數，而 P, V, n 和 T 是變數。)
* The speed of light is a physical constant. (光速是一個物理常數。)
作文百句 35 片語整理
## 片語
* End with sth 以某事物結束
* The long and tiring graduation ceremony finally ended with a beautiful song performed by the choir. (漫長且累人的畢業典禮最後以合唱團演唱的一首優美歌曲結束。)
* Pass by 經過、路過、短暫拜訪
* 通常指從旁邊走過、開車經過且沒有停留，或者是順道拜訪。
* A luxury red sports car just passed by our house, attracting everyone's attention. (一輛豪華的紅色跑車剛剛經過我們家，吸引了所有人的注意。)
* I'll pass by your office later to pick up the documents. (我稍後會順道去你辦公室拿文件。)
* Resist N/V-ing 抵擋...、抗拒...
* I can't resist the temptation of chocolate. (我無法抗拒巧克力的誘惑。)
* Even though he was on a diet, he could not resist buying a large bottle of soda. (儘管他在節食，他還是忍不住買了一大瓶汽水。)
* In demand 有需求的、受歡迎的
* Experts in artificial intelligence are in demand in the tech industry nowadays. (現今，人工智慧專家在科技產業中非常有需求。)
* Fresh organic vegetables are always in demand at the local farmers' market on weekends. (新鮮的有機蔬菜在週末的當地農民市場總是很受歡迎。)
* From scratch 從零開始、從頭開始」、白手起家
* 指不依賴任何現成的基礎或半成品，從最初始的階段或原料開始進行。
* The engineer decided to build the entire software system from scratch to ensure its security. (工程師決定從零開始建構整個軟體系統，以確保其安全性。)
* My sister learned how to bake delicious chocolate cookies from scratch by watching online tutorials. (我妹妹透過看網路教學，學會了如何從零開始烘焙美味的巧克力餅乾。)
* He decided to build his own high-performance computer from scratch using individual parts. (他決定使用個別零件，從零開始組裝自己的高效能電腦。)
* Under one's guidance 在某人的指導下
* 強調在導師、專家或長輩的引領與建議下進行學習或工作。
* Under the guidance of the professor, the students completed their research project successfully. (在教授的指導下，學生們成功完成了他們的研擬計畫。)
* The young pianist improved her skills significantly under the guidance of her master. (那位年輕鋼琴家在老師的指導下，技巧有了顯著的提升。)
* Keep V-ing 持續做某事、不斷做某事
* You should keep practicing English every day if you want to hone your speaking skills. (如果你想磨練口說技巧，你應該每天持續練習英文。)
* The small bird kept chirping outside my window until the sun went down. (那隻小鳥在我的窗外一直叫，直到太陽下山。)
* Hone one's skills 磨練、精進技能
* 常用於職業或藝術領域，指透過長時間的練習使技能變得更專業。
* The athlete spent the entire summer honing his basketball skills for the upcoming season. (那位運動員花了整個夏天磨練籃球技巧，為了即將到來的賽季做準備。)
* It takes years of constant practice to hone your creativity and become a great artist. (需要多年的不斷練習才能磨練創造力，並成為一名偉大的藝術家。)
* Pursue a career as + 職業 追求...的職業、以...為專業
* Many students choose to pursue a career as a lawyer because they want to help people seek justice. (許多學生選擇從事律師職業，因為他們想幫助人們尋求正義。)
* After retiring from the army, he decided to pursue a career as a high school teacher. (從軍隊退休後，他決定從事高中老師的職業。)
作文百句 35 文法整理
## 文法
* 雙重否定、否定條件
* 原文 `a meal is not complete if it doesn't end with apple pie or cheesecake` 使用雙重否定的結構，比單純說 `I like apple pie or cheesecake after meals` 更有語氣上的強調感。
* A wedding is not perfect if it doesn't have a beautiful, multi-layered cake. (如果沒有一個漂亮的、多層的蛋糕，一場婚禮就不完美。)
* Your writing skills will not improve if you do not hone them through constant practice. (如果你不透過不斷的練習來磨練寫作技巧，你的技巧就不會進步。)
* The experiment will not yield precise results if the temperature is not kept constant. (如果溫度不保持恆定，實驗就不會產出精確的結果。)
* 使役動詞 (make/have/let + O + VR)
* 強制性：**`make`** (強迫、命令) > **`have`** (要求、安排) > **`let`** (允許、不阻止)。
* My mom made me clean my room. (媽媽命令我清房間。)
* The head chef had the assistants clean all the baking tools after the session. (主廚安排助理們在課程結束後清洗所有的烘焙工具。)
* My dad let me go to the party. (爸爸准許我去派對。)
{% hint style="info" %}
只有 `make`, `have`, `let` 有這種用法，其他如 `ask`, `get` 等字，須用 `ask/get + O + to VR`。
{% endhint %}
作文百句 35 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文結構遵循「動機」→「過程」→「展望」。首段從童年對甜食的熱愛切入，運用具體的甜點名稱建立起視覺與味覺意象，吸引讀者的注意力。次段轉向現實面的觀察與具體的學習歷程，透過描寫退休主廚的示範細節，將這份夢想從「愛吃」提升到「專業技術」的層次，增加論述的厚度。最後一段則以「回饋」與「磨練」作為核心，平衡了理想與現實，展現出作者對於職業生涯的嚴謹態度。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Culinary (adj.) 烹飪的、廚房的、食物的
* `culinary arts` 表「烹飪藝術」，指精緻餐飲的製備與呈現技術。
* To be successful in the culinary world, one must possess not only talent but also extreme patience. (若想在烹飪界取得成功，一個人不僅必須具備天賦，還必須具備極大的耐心。)
* The local community college offers a wide variety of culinary courses for retired people. (當地的社區大學為退休人士提供各式各樣的烹飪課程。)
* Ambition (n.) 雄心、抱負、志向
* 形容詞為 `ambitious` (有野心的、宏大的)。
* Her main ambition in life is to travel around the world and document a variety of food cultures. (她人生主要的志向是環遊世界並記錄各種飲食文化。)
* The project was quite ambitious, involving the construction of a bakery from scratch in just one month. (這個計畫非常宏大，涉及在短短一個月內從零開始建造一家烘焙坊。)
* Constructive (adj.) 建設性的、有益的
* 常和 `feedback`, `suggestion`, `criticism` (批評) 等與意見相關的詞搭配。
* Instead of just complaining, please provide some constructive suggestions on how to improve the service. (請提供一些關於如何改進服務的建設性建議，而不僅僅是抱怨。)
* The two companies held a constructive meeting to discuss their future partnership. (兩家公司舉行了一場具建設性的會議，討論未來的合作關係。)
* Dedication (n.) 奉獻、投入、熱誠
* 常見用法為 `dedication to sb/sth`。本單字也可以指建築物或作品的「落成典禮」或「獻詞」。
* The success of the bakery is a result of the owner's total dedication to high-quality ingredients. (這家烘焙坊的成功是老闆對高品質食材全然投入的結果。)
* It takes a great deal of dedication to get up early every morning and bake fresh bread from scratch. (每天早上早起並從零開始烘焙新鮮麵包需要極大的熱誠。)
* The dedication ceremony for the new culinary school attracted many famous guests from the industry. (新廚藝學校的落成典禮吸引了許多業界知名人士參加。)
* Artisan
* (n.) 工匠、職人、手工藝人
* The young pastry chef considers himself an artisan rather than just a regular worker. (那位年輕甜點師認為自己是一位職人，而不僅僅是一名普通工人。)
* Each batch of chocolate tarts is handmade by a skilled artisan to ensure the best quality. (每一批巧克力塔都由技藝精湛的職人手工製作，以確保最佳品質。)
* (adj.) 手工製作的
* 指以傳統方式小規模生產、品質優良的產品 (如手工麵包、手工乳酪)。
* Nowadays, artisan bread is in high demand among customers who value traditional baking methods. (現今，手工麵包在重視傳統烘焙方式的顧客中非常有需求。)
#### 台灣平民美食與小吃
* Bubble tea / Pearl milk tea (n.) 珍珠奶茶
* 當指「珍珠奶茶」這種飲料時，為**不可數名詞**；當指「一杯、兩杯」時，可寫 `a cup of ~` 或當可數名詞寫 `a bubble tea`。
* Nowadays, bubble tea has become a globally recognized symbol of Taiwanese culinary culture. (現今，珍珠奶茶已成為全球公認的台灣飲食文化象徵。)
* I ordered two bubble teas with half sugar and less ice to satisfy my sweet tooth. (我點了兩杯半糖少冰的珍珠奶茶來滿足我的甜食慾。)
* Beef noodle soup (n.) 牛肉麵
* 為**不可數名詞**。若要表達碗數，可寫 `a bowl of ~`。
* Taiwanese beef noodle soup is famous for its rich broth and tender chunks of beef. (台灣牛肉麵以其濃郁的湯頭和軟嫩的牛肉塊而聞名。)
* My favorite restaurant serves a variety of beef noodle soups, ranging from spicy to braised flavors. (我最喜歡的餐廳提供各種口味的牛肉麵，從紅燒到清燉應有盡有。)
* Stinky tofu (n.) 臭豆腐
* 雖然一盤裡面有很多塊，但通常視為一個整體的點心類別，為**不可數名詞**。若要表達盤數/豆腐塊數，可寫 `a plate/piece of ~`。
* Despite its strong smell, stinky tofu is a treat that many locals enjoy. (儘管它的氣味強烈，臭豆腐仍是許多在地人喜愛的美味。)
* Most tourists cannot resist trying deep-fried stinky tofu when they visit a night market for the first time. (大多數遊客第一次逛夜市時，都無法抗拒嘗試炸臭豆腐的誘惑。)
* Oyster omelet (n.) 蚵仔煎
* 為**可數名詞**。
* The sweet and savory sauce is the key element that makes a Taiwanese oyster omelet so unique. (甜鹹交織的醬汁是讓台灣蚵仔煎如此獨特的關鍵要素。)
* We decided to share an oyster omelet and some pan-fried buns at the crowded food stall. (我們決定在擁擠的小吃攤分食一份蚵仔煎和一些生煎包。)
* Braised pork rice (n.) 滷肉飯
* 為**不可數名詞**。若要表達碗數，可寫 `a bowl of ~`。
* A bowl of braised pork rice is a simple yet fulfilling meal that reminds many people of their childhood. (一碗滷肉飯是簡單卻充實的一餐，讓許多人想起童年。)
* You should try the braised pork rice at this bakery-turned-restaurant; its recipe is made from scratch. (你應該試試這家由烘焙坊轉型餐廳的滷肉飯；它的食譜是從零開始製作的。)
* Braised pork belly bun / Gua bao (n.) 刈包、割包
* 為**可數名詞**。常被外國人稱為「台式漢堡」(`Taiwanese hamburger`)。
* Gua bao is an artisan snack consisting of braised pork, pickled greens, and peanut powder inside a steamed bun. (割包是一款工匠級的小吃，在蒸饅頭裡夾著滷肉、酸菜和花生粉。)
* I have always dreamed of introducing traditional gua bao to my foreign friends on a cruise ship. (我一直夢想在郵輪上向外國朋友介紹傳統的割包。)
* Fried chicken fillet (n.) 炸雞排
* 為**可數名詞**。`fillet` 指無骨或整片的肉排。
* The crispy texture of a fried chicken fillet is the result of precise temperature control during frying. (炸雞排脆爽的口感是油炸過程中精確溫度控制的結果。)
* Nowadays, you can find a variety of fried chicken fillets with different seasonings in every night market. (現今，你可以在每個夜市找到各種不同調味料的大雞排。)
* Scallion pancake (n.) 蔥油餅
* 為**可數名詞**。若切成片狀，可寫 `a piece of ~`。`scallion` 表「青蔥」。
* Making scallion pancakes from scratch requires honing your skills in kneading the dough. (從零開始製作蔥油餅需要磨練揉麵團的技巧。)
* The retired chef demonstrated how to add an egg to the scallion pancake to enhance its flavor. (退休主廚示範了如何在蔥油餅中加一顆蛋來提升風味。)
* Pineapple cake (n.) 鳳梨酥
* 為**可數名詞**。
* Pineapple cakes are in high demand during the Lunar New Year as they symbolize prosperity. (鳳梨酥在農曆新年期間需求量很大，因為它們象徵著繁榮。)
* Many famous bakeries take pride in their handmade pineapple cakes with fine ingredients. (許多著名的烘焙坊以其使用優質食材手工製作的鳳梨酥為榮。)
#### 全球經典甜點與麵包
* Macaron (n.) 馬卡龍
* 為**可數名詞**。這是一種法式小圓餅，以口感輕盈、顏色繽紛聞名。請注意，**這與**** ****`macaroon`**** ****是完全不同的食物**。
* The pastry chef spent hours creating the perfect batch of colorful macarons. (甜點師花了數小時製作出完美的一批繽紛馬卡龍。)
* Every single macaron in this shop is handmade from scratch with high-quality ingredients. (這家店裡的每一顆馬卡龍都是用優質食材從零開始手工製作的。)
* Croissant (n.) 可頌麵包、羊角麵包
* 為**可數名詞**。這是一種法式奶油油酥麵包，強調多層次與酥脆感。
* I cannot resist the aroma of freshly baked croissants whenever I pass by the local bakery. (每當我路過當地的烘焙坊，我都無法抗拒現烤可頌麵包的香氣。)
* A warm croissant is often considered the most traditional way to end a simple French breakfast. (熱騰騰的可頌通常被認為是結束簡單法式早餐最傳統的方式。)
* Tiramisu (n.) 提拉米蘇
* 當指「提拉米蘇」這種甜點時，為**不可數名詞**；當指「一份、兩份」時，可寫 `a portion/serving of ~`。
* This Italian restaurant is famous for its authentic tiramisu, which has a rich coffee flavor. (這家義大利餐廳以其正宗的提拉米蘇聞名，它帶有濃郁的咖啡味。)
* After the main course, we ordered a large portion of tiramisu to share with everyone at the table. (主菜之後，我們點了一大份提拉米蘇與桌上的每個人分享。)
* Brownie (n.) 布朗尼
* 為**可數名詞**。通常指切成方塊狀的濃郁巧克力蛋糕。
* To satisfy my sweet tooth, I decided to bake a batch of chocolate brownies with walnuts inside. (為了滿足我的甜食慾，我決定烤一批裡面加了核桃的巧克力布朗尼。)
* These brownies are soft and moist, making them a popular treat for children. (這些布朗尼鬆軟濕潤，使它們成為深受孩子們歡迎的點心。)
* Donut / Doughnut (n.) 甜甜圈
* 為**可數名詞**。
* There is always a high demand for glazed donuts at the coffee shop during the morning rush. (早上尖峰時段，咖啡店裡對糖霜甜甜圈總是有很高的需求。)
* The retired teacher decided to pursue a new career by opening a small donut stall in the market. (那位退休老師決定在市場開一個小甜甜圈攤位來追求新的職業。)
* Baguette (n.) 法式長棍麵包
* 為**可數名詞**。
* Precise temperature control is essential for creating the perfect crust on a French baguette. (精確的溫度控制對於法式長棍麵包外殼的完美呈現是不可或缺的。)
* We bought two long baguettes and some fine cheese for our weekend picnic in the park. (我們為週末在公園的野餐買了兩條長棍麵包和一些優質起司。)
* Waffle (n.) 鬆餅、格子餅
* 為**可數名詞**。
* Hot waffles served with fresh strawberries and maple syrup are my favorite weekend treat. (搭配新鮮草莓和楓糖漿的熱鬆餅是我最喜歡的週末犒賞。)
* The street vendor demonstrated his ingenuity by adding a variety of toppings to the crispy waffles. (街頭小販展現了他的獨創性，在脆爽的鬆餅上加入了各種配料。)
* Muffin (n.) 瑪芬、英式鬆餅
* 為**可數名詞**。通常指杯狀的小蛋糕 (甜) 或扁圓形的麵包 (鹹)。
* These blueberry muffins are made from scratch daily to ensure the best taste and quality. (這些藍莓瑪芬每天從零開始製作，以確保最佳的口感與品質。)
* I had a savory English muffin with an egg and bacon for my meal this morning. (我今天早上吃了一個加了蛋和培根的鹹味英式瑪芬。)
* Eclair (n.) 閃電泡芙
* 為**可數名詞**。一種細長型、內含奶油填餡、表面塗有巧克力醬的法式甜點。
* The pastry chef’s creativity is visible in the beautiful decorations on these chocolate eclairs. (甜點師的創造力體現在這些巧克力閃電泡芙上美麗的裝飾中。)
* Nowadays, eclairs with exotic flavors like matcha or rose are very much in demand. (現今，帶有抹茶或玫瑰等異國風味的閃電泡芙非常有需求。)
* Soufflé (n.) 舒芙蕾
* 為**可數名詞**。一種口感蓬鬆、以打發蛋白製作的法式甜點，必須現做現吃。
* A soufflé must be served immediately after it is taken out of the oven before it collapses. (舒芙蕾從烤箱取出後必須立即端上桌，否則它會塌陷。)
* Making a perfect chocolate soufflé requires practical experience and precise timing. (製作一個完美的巧克力舒芙蕾需要實務經驗與精確的計時。)
* Ice cream (n.) 冰淇淋
* 當指「冰淇淋」這種食物時，為**不可數名詞**；當指「一種口味」或「一份份量」時，可寫 `a scoop of ~` 或當可數名詞寫 `an ice cream`。
* On a hot summer day, a scoop of vanilla ice cream is a simple pleasure that anyone can enjoy. (在炎熱的夏日，一球香草冰淇淋是任何人都能享受的簡單快樂。)
* The children took great delight in picking out their favorite flavors from the ice cream truck. (孩子們非常開心地從冰淇淋車中挑選出他們最喜歡的口味。)
## 寫作建議
書寫關於「夢想」的作文時，可以參考以下幾點建議：
* 描述自己的特質或幾種熱愛的事物，從小細節下手，建立與夢想的連結。
* 你理應相當了解自己夢想的領域，若適當加入專業術語，能讓評分老師覺得你對該主題有深入了解，而不只是空談理想。
* 時間演進：例如文中的 `In the beginning`、`In recent sessions` 以及 `Nowadays`，能幫助你清晰地呈現技能進化的過程。
* 平衡理想與現實：本文提到了 `in demand`，暗示夢想與職業市場的結合。在寫作時，若能提到夢想的現實意義，會讓你的文章顯得更為成熟。
## 36.
1. Gary was walking home one day when he saw a stranger in front of him **accidentally** drop his wallet. **Upon picking it up**, Gary found a large **amount** of cash inside. He **couldn't help** **but hesitate**. The man had already disappeared and in Gary's hands was more than enough money for him to buy the video game system he'd **had his eye on** for months. In spite of his better judgement, Gary **yielded to** **temptation** and used the cash to buy the system.
2. A few days later, Gary was at home when the police showed up. Thanks to the city's **surveillance** cameras, they were able to quickly discover what had happened to the man's wallet. Ashamed of his **greedy** behavior, Gary **burst into tears**. He **handed** the wallet **over to** the police, and his parents repaid the money he'd spent. While the police **let Gary off** with a **stern** warning, his parents punished him **severely** and made him write a letter of **apology** to the man. While doing so, Gary realized he'd learned an important lesson: **anything worth owning is worth earning**.
作文百句 36 單字整理
## 單字
* Stranger (n.) 陌生人
* The little boy was taught never to accept any sweet treats from a stranger on the street. (那個小男孩被教導絕不要接受街上陌生人的任何甜點。)
* In a big city, we pass by thousands of strangers every day without ever speaking to them. (在大城市裡，我們每天都會經過成千上萬的陌生人，卻從未與他們交談。)
* Accidentally (adv.) 意外地、偶然地
* I accidentally deleted the important notes I made before. (我意外刪掉了我之前做的重要筆記。)
* She accidentally spilled some hot coffee on her favorite white dress during the session. (她在課程中意外地把一些熱咖啡灑在了她最喜歡的白洋裝上。)
* Drop
* (v.) 落下、掉下、放下
* The book dropped from the shelf. (書從書架上掉下來。)
* The temperature will drop significantly tonight, so please wear a thick coat. (今晚氣溫會大幅下降，所以請穿上厚外套。)
* `drop out` 指退出 (團體、活動) 或退學；`drop + 人/物 + off (+ at + 地點)` 指在開車途中「放下」某人或「放置」物品。
* He dropped out of college. (他大學退學。)
* Can you drop me off at the station? (你能在車站放我下車嗎？)
* I need to drop off these documents at the office. (我需要把這些文件送到辦公室。)
* (n.) 滴、少量
* She added a few drops of vanilla extract to the pastry dough to enhance its aroma. (她在油酥麵團中加入了幾滴香草精，以增強其香氣。)
* Wallet (n.) 錢包、皮夾
* Losing your wallet while traveling on a cruise ship can be a stressful experience. (在郵輪旅行期間丟失錢包可能是一件令人倍感壓力的事。)
* He always keeps a photo of Alana in his wallet so he can see her whenever he wants. (他總是在皮夾裡放一張 Alana 的照片，以便他隨時想看就能看到。)
* Upon (prep.) 在...之後立即；在...之上
* 這是 `on` 的正式用法，常用來表達「一...就...」的接續動作。
* **`once upon a time`** 表「從前」、「很久很久以前」，專門用於童話、寓言或故事的開頭。通常置於句首，後接逗號，並常搭配表示「有…存在」的句型 (如 `There was/lived`)。
* Upon hearing the news, Alana burst into tears of joy and hugged her mom tightly. (一聽到消息，Alana 喜極而泣並緊緊抱住她的媽媽。)
* The retired chef insisted that the table be set perfectly upon the arrival of the guests. (退休主廚堅持在賓客抵達後，餐桌必須擺設得盡善盡美。)
* She sat upon the sofa. (她坐在沙發上。)
* Hesitate (v.) 猶豫、遲疑
* Do not hesitate to ask Alana for guidance if you encounter any difficult grammar problems. (如果你遇到任何困難的文法問題，不要猶豫，儘管向 Alana 尋求指導。)
* He hesitated for a moment before deciding to tell the truth to the police. (在決定向警察說實話之前，他猶豫了一下。)
* Disappear (v.) 消失、失蹤
* The magician made the rabbit disappear into thin air. (魔術師讓兔子憑空消失。)
* Yield
* (v.) 屈服；讓路；產出
* She eventually yielded to her exhaustion. (她最終向疲勞投降。)
* Drivers must yield to pedestrians when they are crossing the street in a busy area. (在繁華地區過馬路時，駕駛者必須讓路給行人。)
* The new organic farm is expected to yield a large batch of fresh vegetables this year. (這座新的有機農場預計今年會產出大批的新鮮蔬菜。)
* (n.) 產量、產出、收益
* 常用於農業 (農作物產量)、工業 (生產率) 及金融領域 (投資回報率)。
* The new farming method resulted in a higher yield. (新的耕作方法帶來了更高的產量。)
* The bond has a yield of 5%. (這張債券有 5% 的收益率。)
* Judgement (n.) 判斷、判斷力
* 動詞形為 `judge`。
* `better judgement` 表「更好的判斷」、「更理智的決定」或「明智的抉擇」，常見搭配為 `against one's better judgement`。
* It is difficult to pass a fair judgement on someone's behavior without knowing the facts. (在不了解事實的情況下，很難對一個人的行為做出公平的評價。)
* The teacher praised the student for his sound judgement in choosing study methods. (老師稱讚這位學生在選擇學習方法時展現了明智的判斷。)
* I bought the car against my better judgment. (我不顧自己當時的理智判斷，買了那輛車。) → 隱含後來後悔了。
* Temptation (n.) 誘惑
* 動詞形為 `tempt`。
* The constant aroma of artisan bread from the bakery is a great temptation for people on a diet. (烘焙坊不斷傳出的工藝麵包香氣，對節食的人來說是個巨大的誘惑。)
* Yielding to the temptation of easy money often leads to severe consequences in the future. (屈服於快錢的誘惑通常會導致未來嚴重的後果。)
* Surveillance (n.) 監視、監測
* `surveillance camera` 表「監視錄影機」。
* High-security banks use 24-hour surveillance to protect their customers' assets. (高安全性的銀行使用 24 小時監視來保護客戶的資產。)
* Thanks to the city's surveillance cameras, the police were able to identify the greedy thief. (多虧了城市的監視錄影機，警察才能夠確認那名貪婪小偷的身分。)
* Ashamed (adj.) 感到羞恥的、慚愧的
* 常見用法為 `be ashamed of N`。
* You should be ashamed of yourself for treating a stranger so rudely. (你應該為自己對陌生人如此無理而感到羞恥。)
* He felt ashamed that he couldn't fulfill his promise to help his sister with her homework. (他因為無法履行幫妹妹寫作業的諾言而感到羞愧。)
* Greedy (adj.) 貪婪的、貪心的
* 名詞形為 `greed`。
* Don't be greedy; leave some of those delicious chocolate tarts for the other guests. (別太貪心；留一些美味的巧克力塔給其他客人。)
* Behavior (n.) 行為、舉止
* 動詞形為 `behave`。
* The parents were very proud of their daughter's polite behavior at the wedding. (父母對女兒在婚禮上禮貌的舉止感到非常自豪。)
* Scientists study the social behavior of animals to improve shelter management. (科學家研究動物的社會行為以改進收容所管理。)
* Burst (v./n.) 爆發、破裂、突然開始
* **三態同型**。常見用法為 `burst into N` (突然開始...)。
* The audience burst into laughter after the magician performed a funny trick. (在魔術師表演了一個有趣的戲法後，觀眾爆發出一陣笑聲。)
* The water pipe burst due to the extremely high pressure during the experiment. (由於實驗過程中極高的壓力，水管破裂了。)
* She felt a sudden burst of energy. (她感到一陣活力迸發。)
* Tear
* (n.) 眼淚
* 常見搭配為 `shed tears` (流淚), `in tears` (流著淚), `burst into tears` (突然大哭)。
* The little girl was in tears after her favorite toy was accidentally broken by a stranger. (那個小女孩在她最喜歡的玩具被陌生人意外弄壞後淚流滿面。)
* She **shed tears of joy** when she saw the progress she made in her English study. (當她看到自己在英語學習方面的進步時，她喜極而泣。)
* (n.) 裂口
* There was a small tear in the back of his shirt, but he didn't notice it during the wedding session. (他的襯衫後面有個小裂口，但他參加婚禮環節時並沒注意到。)
* (v.) 撕裂、扯破
* 指將紙張、布料等物體用力撕開。動詞三態為 `tear` → `tore` → `torn`。
* Be careful not to tear the letter of apology; it is very important for the victim of the theft. (小心別撕破那封道歉信；這對那名竊盜案的受害者非常重要。)
* The strong wind tore the old flag to pieces during the severe storm last night. (昨晚的強風在嚴重的暴風雨中將那面舊旗幟撕成了碎片。)
* Repay (v.) 償還、報答
* 指還錢，或報答某人的恩情。
* The bank requires him to repay the loan within the next three years. (銀行要求他在未來三年內償還貸款。)
* I will never be able to repay my mom for the unconditional love and support she gives me. (我永遠無法報答媽媽給我的無條件的愛與支持。)
* Worth
* (adj.) 值得...的、價值...的
* 常見用法為 `be worth + N/金額/V-ing`。
* This antique surveillance camera is worth a lot of money because of its historical value. (這台古董監視錄影機因為其歷史價值，非常值錢。)
* The trip was long, but it was totally worth it. (旅行很漫長，但完全值得。)
* It is worth mentioning that the retired chef still possesses extraordinary creativity. (值得一提的是，那位退休主廚仍然具備非比尋常的創造力。)
* **Anything worth owning is worth earning** through hard work and honesty. (任何值得擁有的東西都值得透過努力與誠實去贏得。)
* (n.) 價值
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* The worth of this chair is $80. (這張椅子的價值是80元。)
* She proved her worth to the company. (她證明了她在公司的價值。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `Worth`, `Worthy`, `Worthwhile`
三者皆可作為形容詞使用，但用法與意思不同，建議透過大量閱讀來區分三者。
* `worth` 的用法為 `be worth + N/金額/V-ing`，強調某事物的實際價值或值得做的程度。
* `worthy` (值得的、配得上的；具有高品質、道德價值)
* 強調某人/某事配得上某種榮譽或對待。常見用法為 `be worthy of N / being V-p.p.`。
* He is a worthy opponent. (他是一個值得敬佩的對手。)
* She spends a lot of time on worthy causes. (她花很多時間在有意義的慈善事業上。)
* The brave policeman is worthy of our respect for his dedication to justice. (那位勇敢的警察因為他對正義的奉獻，值得我們的尊敬。)
* Such a mistake is not worthy of being mentioned. (這種錯誤不值得一提。)
* `worthwhile` (值得的、值得花費時間/金錢/精力的、有意義的)
* 強調某事是值得花費時間、金錢或精力去做的。常見用法為 `be worthwhile V-ing / to VR`，或直接修飾名詞。
* The project was very worthwhile. (這個專案非常值得。)
* It is a worthwhile investment. (這是一項值得的投資。)
* It is worthwhile to read the book. (讀這本書是值得的。) = The book is worth reading. (這本書值得讀。) = The book is worthy of being read. (這本書值得被讀。)
* It is worthwhile looking into this matter. (調查這件事是值得的。)
{% endhint %}
作文百句 36 片語整理
## 片語
* Have one's eye on sth 看上某物、注視著...
* 指長期關注某個目標，通常是因為非常想要擁有它。
* My sister has had her eye on that artisan handbag for a long time. (我妹妹看上那個工藝手提包很久了。)
* Nowadays, many international companies have their eye on talented people with creativity. (現今，許多國際公司都看上了具備創造力的人才。)
* Yield to N 屈服於、讓步；禮讓
* We should teach children not to yield to the temptation of easy money from strangers. (我們應該教導孩子不要屈服於來自陌生人的快錢誘惑。)
* I will not yield to blackmail. (我不會向勒索讓步。)
* You must yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk. (在行人穿越道上，你必須禮讓行人。)
* Show up 出現、露面
* 指某人突然出現在某個場所，或指的是證據、問題浮現。
* I waited for an hour at the restaurant, but my friend never showed up for our lunch date. (我在餐廳等了一個小時，但我的朋友從未出現在我們的午餐約會中。)
* New technical problems showed up during the food preparation session for the wedding. (在婚禮的食物製備環節中，新的技術問題浮現了。)
* Burst into + N 突然...起來、爆發出
* 常見搭配的名詞有 `tears`、`laughter` (笑聲)、`flames` (火焰)、`song` (歌聲)、`bloom` (開花)。
* She burst into tears when she heard the news. (聽到這消息，她突然大哭起來。)
* The old wooden house suddenly burst into flames during the severe storm last night. (昨晚那棟舊木屋在嚴重的暴風雨中突然起火燃燒。)
* Whenever he gives she a warm hug, her heart seems to burst into bloom like a spring flower. (每當他給她一個溫暖的擁抱，她的心就像春天的小花一樣全然綻放。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `Burst out + V-ing` 突然開始... (動作)
意思與 `burst into` 相似，但後面必須接 `V-ing`，例如 `burst into tears` = `burst out crying`；`burst into laughter` = `burst out laughing`。
* After a moment of hesitation, the stranger suddenly burst out laughing at his confused expression. (猶豫了一會兒後，那位陌生人看著他困惑的表情突然大笑了起來。)
* He burst out singing his favorite song while walking home from the bakery. (他在從烘焙坊回家的路上，突然大聲唱起他最喜歡的歌。)
{% endhint %}
* Hand over N (to sb) 交出...、遞交... (給...)
* 主要指正式交出、移交或交接責任、物品或權力。
* The detective ordered the suspect to hand over his mobile phone for further investigation. (偵探命令嫌犯交出手機以進行進一步調查。)
* Please hand over your passport at the counter. (請在櫃檯交出您的護照。)
* After retiring from the position, the old chef handed over his secret recipes to his talented apprentice. (退休後，老主廚將他的秘密食譜交給了他有天賦的徒弟。)
* The manager handed over his duties to the new one. (經理將職務移交給新任經理。)
* Let sb off (with sth) 饒過某人、從輕發落
* 指對犯錯的人給予寬大處理，通常只給予口頭警告。
* The teacher decided to let the student off this time since it was his first time forgetting the homework. (老師決定這次饒過那個學生，因為這是他第一次忘記交作業。)
* You shouldn't expect Alana to let you off if you make the same grammar mistake again! (如果你再犯同樣的文法錯誤，別指望 Alana 會饒過你喔！)
* She was let off with a fine instead of jail time. (她被輕判罰款，而未入獄。)
作文百句 36 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Possession (n.) 財產、所有物、擁有
* 指「擁有」的狀態或過程時，為**不可數名詞**，如 `in possession of N`；指「個人物品、財產」時，為**可數名詞**，通常用複數 `possessions`。動詞形為 `possess`。
* He was found in possession of a stolen video game system and was severely punished. (他被發現持有偷來的電玩系統，並受到了嚴厲的懲罰。)
* When walking through a crowded night market, you should always keep an eye on your personal possessions. (穿過擁擠的夜市時，你應該隨時留意你的個人財物。)
* Lost property (n. phr.) 遺失物、失物
* 指在公共場所被遺忘或丟失的財物，為**不可數名詞**。在法律情境下常用 `lost property`；在日常對話中常簡稱為 `lost items`。
* The subway station has a dedicated room to store all the lost property found by the cleaners. (地鐵站有一個專門的房間來存放清潔工發現的所有遺失物。)
* Please make sure you have all your personal belongings; the hotel is not responsible for any lost property. (請確保您帶齊了所有個人財物；飯店對任何遺失物概不負責。)
* **Lost and Found** (n. phr.) 失物招領處
* If you accidentally drop your wallet in the mall, you should check with the Lost and Found immediately. (如果你不小心在購物中心掉了錢包，你應該立即去失物招領處詢問。)
* The employee at the Lost and Found was helpful in helping Yusuf find his keys. (失物招領處的工作人員很熱心地幫助 Yusuf 找到了鑰匙。)
## 37.
1. Though Leo's Kitchen and Phillip's Restaurant serve similar dishes, there are **stark contrasts** between them. There are numerous customers dining at Leo's but the restaurant is **in poor condition**. Flies **hover** everywhere, and there are disgusting **grease stains** on the floor. Phillip's, **on the other hand**, offers a fantastic **atmosphere**. It's clean and well-decorated, **with** a finely made wooden screen and tasteful **interior design**.
2. I **prefer** Phillip's **to** Leo's regardless of its higher food prices. I **can't help but mistrust** any restaurant that doesn't **maintain its cleanliness**. After all, diseases are easily **spread** by flies and cockroaches. Besides, in my opinion, the quality of a restaurant's food **has a lot to do with** the **state** of the environment where it's prepared. While there are not enough customers at Phillip's to prove its dishes are truly tasty, this might be because the restaurant is newly opened and people don't know it well yet. **All in all**, the **hygiene** standards of a restaurant mean more to me than anything else.
作文百句 37 單字整理
## 單字
* Serve (v.) 供應、端上
* 在餐飲情境中，常見用法為 `serve + 食物`。其他意思詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-21-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* In this newly opened restaurant, they serve a variety of artisan dishes made from scratch. (在這家新開的餐廳，他們供應各種從零開始製作的工藝菜餚。)
* Breakfast is served between 9:00 and 11:00 in this hotel. (這間旅館在早上九點到十一點之間供應早餐。)
* Similar (adj.) 相似的
* 常見用法為 `A be similar to B`，強調兩者有共同特徵但不完全相同。
* My writing style is similar to yours because I have been honing my skills under your constant guidance. (我的寫作風格與你的相似，因為我一直在你的持續指導下磨練技巧。)
* These two interior designs look similar, but the materials used are different. (這兩種室內設計看起來很相似，但使用的材料不同。)
* Dish (n.) (一道) 菜餚、盤子
* `main/side/national dish` 表「主菜/配菜/國菜」。`do the dishes` 指「洗碗」，請注意要用複數形。
* Phillip's Restaurant is famous for its signature seafood dish regardless of the high price. (不管價格高昂，Phillip's 餐廳以其招牌海鮮菜餚聞名。)
* The child broke a glass dish. (這孩子打破了一個玻璃碟子。)
* After dinner, Yusuf did the dishes in the kitchen. (晚餐後，Yusuf 在廚房洗碗。)
* Stark (adj.) 明顯的、截然不同的；荒涼的
* There is a stark contrast between the luxury hotels in the city center and the poor condition of the slums nearby. (市中心的豪華飯店與附近貧民窟的糟糕狀況形成了鮮明對比。)
* The stark beauty of the desert at night always leaves a deep impression on the travelers. (沙漠夜晚那種荒涼之美總是給旅行者留下深刻印象。)
* After the severe storm, the stark trees stood against the grey sky like silent guardians. (嚴重的暴風雨過後，荒蕪的樹木矗立在灰暗的天空下，宛如沉默的守護者。)
* Contrast (n./v.) 對比、對照
* 作為名詞時，常用 `in contrast to/with N` 表「與...相比」；作為動詞時，常用 `contrast A with B` 表「把 A 與 B 對比」。
* In contrast to his brother's greedy behavior, Leo is known for his honesty and integrity. (與他兄弟貪婪的行為相比，Leo 以誠實與正直聞名。)
* The designer used a bright wooden screen to contrast with the dark interior design of the room. (設計師使用明亮的木質屏風來與房間暗色的室內設計形成對比。)
* If you contrast the two restaurant reviews, you will discover that hygiene standards vary greatly. (如果你對比這兩篇餐廳評論，你會發現衛生標準差異很大。)
* Numerous (adj.) 許多的、很多的
* 後面接**可數名詞**。
* Despite numerous attempts to fix the technical error, the surveillance camera still doesn't work. (儘管進行了多次嘗試修復技術錯誤，監視器仍然無法運作。)
* The chef has won numerous awards for his contribution to the culinary world. (那位主廚因其對烹飪界的貢獻而獲得了無數獎項。)
* Customer (n.) 顧客
* A lot of customers waited for the store to open. (許多顧客等著商店開門。)
* She is one of our **regular customers**. (她是我們的常客之一。)
* Dine (v.) 用餐、吃正餐 (通常指晚餐)
* 比 `eat` 正式，常用於描述在餐廳享用精緻的晚餐。常見用法有 `dine with sb`, `dine in` (內用), `dine out` (外用餐、出外吃晚餐)。
* We decided to dine at a restaurant with a fantastic atmosphere to celebrate our anniversary. (我們決定在一家氣氛極佳的餐廳用餐，以慶祝我們的週年紀念。)
* The professor prefers to dine in silence so he can focus on the taste of the dishes. (那位教授喜歡在安靜中用餐，這樣他就能專注於菜餚的味道。)
* I'd like to dine in, please. (我想在店內用餐。)
* They often dine out on weekends. (他們週末經常外出用餐。)
* Condition (n.) 狀況、環境、條件
* One of the essential conditions for a successful bakery is maintaining high hygiene standards. (成功烘焙坊的必要條件之一是維持高的衛生標準。)
* The doctor updated the family on the patient's stable condition after the severe accident. (在嚴重的事故後，醫生向家屬更新了病人穩定的狀況。)
* Fly (n.) 蒼蠅
* `mosquito` 指「蚊子」，複數形為 `mosquitoes`。
* It is disgusting to see numerous flies hovering around the garbage bin in the kitchen. (看到許多蒼蠅在廚房垃圾桶周圍盤旋，令人噁心。)
* We had to wear long sleeves to prevent mosquitoes from biting us in the garden. (在花園內，我們必須穿長袖以防止蚊子叮咬。)
* Hover (v.) 盤旋、徘徊、在...近旁逗留
* 指在空中停留、不離去，或指一個人在某處附近等待、徘徊。
* The helicopter hovered above the forest to search for the strangers who disappeared yesterday. (直升機在森林上空盤旋，以搜尋昨天失蹤的陌生人。)
* A group of regular customers hovered around the bakery entrance, waiting for the fresh batch of bread. (一群熟客在烘焙坊入口附近徘徊，等待新一批的麵包。)
* Everywhere (adv.) 到處、各處
* Dust and grease stains were everywhere in the abandoned restaurant, creating a disgusting environment. (廢棄餐廳裡到處都是灰塵和油漬，營造出噁心的環境。)
* Nowadays, you can see surveillance cameras everywhere in the city to ensure public safety. (現今，城市裡到處都能看到監視器，以確保公眾安全。)
* Disgusting (adj.) 令人噁心的、討厭的
* It is absolutely disgusting to see flies hovering around the food preparation area in a kitchen. (看到蒼蠅在廚房的食物準備區周圍盤旋，絕對令人噁心。)
* The man received a severe warning for his disgusting behavior toward the female server. (那個男人因為對女服務生噁心的行為而收到了嚴厲的警告。)
* Grease (n.) 油脂、潤滑油 (v.) 塗油
* 形容詞為 `greasy`。
* The kitchen staff used a special chemical to remove the thick grease from the oven. (廚房工作人員使用一種特殊的化學藥劑來清除烤箱上的厚油脂。)
* Be careful not to slide on the floor; there are some grease stains that haven't been cleaned yet. (小心別在地板上滑倒；那裡有一些還沒清理的油漬。)
* You need to grease the baking pan before pouring in the cake mixture to ensure a perfect result. (在倒入蛋糕糊之前，你需要在烘焙烤盤上塗油，以確保完美的結果。)
* Fantastic (adj.) 極好的、美妙的
* You look fantastic in that dress. (你穿那條連身裙看起來棒極了。)
* It is a fantastic opportunity for the young chef to hone his skills under a retired master. (對年輕廚師來說，這是在退休大師指導下磨練技巧的絕佳機會。)
* Atmosphere (n.) 氣氛、氛圍；大氣層
* The newly opened restaurant offers a fantastic atmosphere with soft music and tasteful decorations. (這家新開的餐廳擁有柔和的音樂和雅緻的裝飾，提供了一種極佳的氛圍。)
* A tense atmosphere filled the room when the police showed up to investigate the theft. (當警察出現調查竊案時，房間裡充滿了緊張的氣氛。)
* Scientists are monitoring the changes in the Earth's atmosphere to study global warming. (科學家正在監測地球大氣層的變化，以研究全球暖化。)
* Decorate (v.) 裝飾、布置
* 常見用法為 `decorate A with B` (用 B 裝飾 A)。名詞形為 `decoration`。
* The pastry chef decorated the chocolate brownies with a few drops of white cream. (甜點師用幾滴鮮奶油裝飾了巧克力布朗尼。)
* She spent the whole afternoon decorating her bedroom to create a more fantastic atmosphere. (她花了整個下午佈置臥室，以營造更美妙的氛圍。)
* Finely (adv.) 精細地、細緻地
* 形容詞為 `fine`。
* The ingredients for the signature dish were finely chopped to ensure the best texture. (招牌菜的食材被精細地切碎，以確保最佳的口感。)
* The police officer examined the surveillance footage finely to discover any hidden clues. (警官仔細地檢查了監視器畫面，以發現任何隱藏的線索。)
* Wooden (adj.) 木製的；僵硬的
* 除了描述材質，也可以形容人的動作或表情呆板。
* Yusuf's acoustic guitar is kept in a beautiful wooden case to protect it from the atmosphere. (Yusuf 的木吉他放在一個美麗的木製琴盒裡，以保護它不受大氣影響。)
* The greedy suspect gave a wooden response when the police asked him about the missing wallet. (當警察詢問失蹤的錢包時，那名貪婪的嫌犯給出了僵硬的回應。)
* Screen
* (n.) 屏風、螢幕、紗窗
* To create a more private atmosphere, the designer placed a screen between the tables. (為了營造更私密的氛圍，設計師在桌子之間放置了一個屏風。)
* The surveillance cameras display their recordings on a large high-definition screen in the security room. (監視器將其錄影畫面顯示在保安室的大型高畫質螢幕上。)
* (v.) 篩選、過濾、檢查
* 在醫療情境中，常見用法為 `screen sb for sth` (為某人篩檢某事物)。
* The medical team will screen numerous volunteers to discover who is suitable for the new experiment. (醫療團隊將篩選眾多志願者，以發現誰適合進行這項新實驗。)
* We need to screen the patient for antibodies. (我們需要對患者進行抗體篩檢。)
* Interior
* (adj.) 內部的、室內的
* The interior parts of the video game system were damaged accidentally when the boy dropped it. (當那個男孩意外摔到電玩系統時，其內部零件受損了。)
* (n.) 內部、內陸
* `Ministry of the Interior` 指「內政部」。
* We spent the whole afternoon cleaning the interior of the car after the long trip to the mountains. (在漫長的山地旅行後，我們花了整個下午清理車子內部。)
* The interior ministry is responsible for maintaining public safety regardless of the political atmosphere. (不論政治氣氛為何，內政部負責維持公共安全。)
* Design
* (n.) 設計、圖樣；企圖
* John is very impressed by the fantastic interior design of the newly opened Italian restaurant. (John 對那家新開的義大利餐廳美妙的室內設計印象深刻。)
* I suspect that the technical error was not accidental; it feels like it was done by design. (我懷疑那個技術錯誤並非意外；感覺它是預謀好的。)
* (v.) 設計、構思、計畫
* This app was designed to help students hone their writing skills through practical examples. (這款應用程式旨在幫助學生透過實務例子磨練寫作技巧。)
* Tasteful (adj.) 雅緻的、有品味的
* 形容物品、裝潢或人的穿搭具有品味、優雅得體，與`tasty` (美味的) 無關。
* The interior design of the apartment is very tasteful, reflecting his unique aesthetic. (這間公寓的室內設計非常雅緻，反映了他的獨特審美。)
* She chose a tasteful wooden screen to separate the dining area from the living room. (她選擇了一個雅緻的木質屏風來將用餐區與客廳隔開。)
* Mistrust (v./n.) 不信任、懷疑
* The initial mistrust between the two companies disappeared after a constructive meeting. (兩家公司最初的不信任在一次具建設性的會議後消失了。)
* Numerous customers mistrust the quality of the ingredients used in that newly opened bakery. (許多顧客懷疑那家新開的烘焙坊所使用的食材品質。)
* Maintain (v.) 維持；保養；堅稱
* 指維持狀態 (如健康、秩序)、保養設備 (如機器、建築)，或堅持某觀點。
* She works out every day to maintain her health. (她每天運動以維持健康。)
* We need to maintain the machine regularly. (我們需要定期保養這台機器。)
* The road needs to be maintained. (這條路需要維護。)
* He maintains that he was nowhere near the house. (他堅稱他當時根本不在那棟房子附近。)
* The company maintains that the product is safe. (公司堅稱該產品是安全的。)
* Cleanliness (n.) 清潔、乾淨
* The hotel won numerous awards for its dedication to cleanliness and fantastic atmosphere. (這家飯店因其對清潔的奉獻和極佳的氛圍而獲得了無數獎項。)
* Quality (n.) 品質、特質、特性
* High-quality interior design can significantly improve the dining experience of every customer. (優質的室內設計能顯著提升每位顧客的用餐體驗。)
* The products are of high quality. (這些產品品質很高。)
* Honesty and integrity are the most important qualities of a person, regardless of their career. (無論職業為何，誠實與正直是一個人最重要的特質。)
* State
* (n.) 狀態、情況；國家、政府、州
* The scientists are monitoring the state of the polar ice caps very closely. (科學家們正密切監測極地冰蓋的狀態。)
* The country is in a state of emergency following the heavy earthquake. (在強烈地震後，該國處於緊急狀態。)
* The United States is composed of 50 states. (美國由50個州組成。)
* (v.) 陳述、說明
* You need to state your reasons clearly if you want to apply for a scholarship. (如果你想申請獎學金，你需要清楚說明你的理由。)
* Environment (n.) 環境、自然環境
* 除了指大自然，也常指社交或工作上的氣氛。
* We should take more responsibility for protecting the natural environment. (我們應該為保護自然環境承擔更多責任。)
* A quiet and comfortable environment is essential for students to study effectively. (安靜且舒適的環境對於學生有效學習至關重要。)
* The company works hard to create a diverse and inclusive working environment. (公司努力營造一個多元且包容的工作環境。)
* Prove
* (v.) 證明、證實
* The new DNA evidence will finally prove the man's innocence. (新的 DNA 證據最終將證明那名男子的清白。)
* She has worked hard to prove her ability to lead the entire project team. (她努力工作以證明她領導整個專案團隊的能力。)
* (v.) 結果是、證明為
* 當[連綴動詞](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-16-wen-fa-zheng-li)使用。常見用法為 `prove + (to be) + Adj/N`，接形容詞時，`to be` 常可省略。
* The new system proved to be a success. (新系統被證明是成功的。)
* The simple plan proved (to be) much more effective than we had expected. (這個簡單的計畫結果證明比我們預期的要有效得多。)
* Tasty (adj.) 美味的、可口的
* My grandmother always prepares a tasty meal for us when we visit her on weekends. (我祖母在週末我們去看她時，總是為我們準備美味的一餐。)
* Adding some fresh herbs can make a simple chicken soup much more tasty. (加入一些新鮮香草可以讓簡單的雞湯變得更美味。)
* Newly (adv.) 新近地、最近
* 常用於修飾過去分詞，構成 `newly + p.p.` 的複合形容詞結構。
* The newly built library will be open to the public starting next month. (新建成的圖書館將從下個月開始對公眾開放。)
* The newly appointed manager decided to change the company's marketing strategy. (新任經理決定改變公司的行銷策略。)
* They are a newly married couple and are planning their honeymoon in Europe. (他們是一對新婚夫婦，正計畫去歐洲度蜜月。)
* Standard
* (n.) 標準、水平
* The hotel was closed because it failed to meet basic safety standards. (這家飯店因為未能達到基本安全標準而被關閉。)
* We need to raise the standards of public education to help the next generation. (我們需要提高公共教育的水平以幫助下一代。)
* (adj.) 標準的、正規的
* Using a seatbelt is the standard procedure for all passengers in a car. (繫安全帶是汽車內所有乘客的標準程序。)
* Hygiene (n.) 衛生
* 形容詞為 `hygienic`。
* Personal hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, is essential to prevent the spread of diseases. (個人衛生，例如頻繁洗手，對於預防疾病傳播至關重要。)
* The artisan bakery takes pride in its high hygiene and cleanliness. (這家工藝烘焙坊對其高衛生與清潔標準感到自豪。)
作文百句 37 片語整理
## 片語
* There is a contrast between A and B A 和 B 之間存在差異。
* There are stark contrasts between the busy city life and the quiet countryside. (繁華的城市生活與寧靜的鄉村之間存在著鮮明對比。)
* There is a sharp contrast between the two reports. (這兩份報告之間存在明顯對比。)
* In poor condition 狀況不佳
* This old car is in poor condition and needs expensive repairs to run again. (這輛舊車狀況不佳，需要昂貴的修理才能再次行駛。)
* He was in poor physical condition after the long illness. (久病之後，他的身體狀況很差。)
* On the floor 在地板上
* 用於描述物體位於建築內部的地面上。
* The book is on the floor. (書在地板上。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `On the ... floor` 在第...層樓
表達建築物的樓層層級。注意介係詞用 `on`。
* My new apartment is on the fifth floor, and it offers a fantastic view of the city. (我的新公寓在五樓，它提供了這座城市極佳的景觀。)
* The restaurant is located on the ground floor of the shopping mall. (這家餐廳位於購物中心的一樓。)
{% endhint %}
* Have a lot to do with N 與...有很大關係
* 表示兩者之間存在緊密的邏輯連結或因果關係。
* The increase in crime rates in this city might have a lot to do with the high unemployment rate. (這座城市犯罪率的增加可能與高失業率有很大關係。)
* Your health has a lot to do with what you eat and how much exercise you get every day. (你的健康與你吃什麼以及你每天運動多少有很大關係。)
* All in all 總之、總而言之
* 用來對前面的論點或經歷進行整體的總結。
* All in all, the party was a success and everyone enjoyed themselves. (總之，聚會很成功，每個人都玩得很開心。)
* The weather was bad, but all in all, we had a fantastic time during our trip to Japan. (天氣雖然不好，但總之，我們在日本旅行期間過得很愉快。)
作文百句 37 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Sanitary (adj.) 衛生的、乾淨的
* 比 `clean` 正式，特別強調符合「公共衛生標準」的清潔。
* To ensure food safety, all kitchen staff must follow strict sanitary procedures when handling raw ingredients. (為了確保食品安全，所有廚房員工在處理生鮮食材時必須遵循嚴格的衛生程序。)
* The government inspector praised the new restaurant for its sanitary environment and modern kitchen equipment. (政府稽查員稱讚這家新餐廳的衛生環境與現代化的廚房設備。)
* Ambiance (n.) 氣氛、氛圍
* 常用於描述精緻餐廳或藝術空間的「格調」與「情調」，比 `atmosphere` 更具美學色彩。也可以拼成 `ambience`。
* The soft lighting and elegant furniture created a romantic ambiance that attracted many young couples. (柔和的燈光與優雅的家具營造出一種吸引許多輕情侶的浪漫氛圍。)
* Many people choose to dine at this café not just for the coffee, but for the unique and relaxing ambiance. (許多人選擇在這家咖啡館用餐不只是為了咖啡，更是為了其獨特且令人放鬆的氣氛。)
* Unsavory (adj.) 難吃的、味道欠佳的；令人討厭的
* 除了形容食物難吃，也常引申為「聲名狼藉」或「不道德」。反義詞為 `savory` (鹹的、美味的、可口的、開胃的)。
* After one bite, I realized the soup had an unsavory taste because the ingredients were no longer fresh. (喝了一口後，我意識到這碗湯的味道欠佳，因為食材已經不新鮮了。)
* The dark alley behind the old building is known as a gathering place for unsavory characters. (舊建築後面的黑暗小巷是眾所周知的討厭人物聚集地。)
* He has an unsavory reputation in the business world. (他在商業圈名聲狼藉。)
* Aesthetic (adj.) 美學的、審美的
* 指與美感、藝術品味相關的。常用於描述室內裝潢或視覺設計。
* The architect focused on both the functional use and the aesthetic appeal of the new library. (建築師同時專注於新圖書館的功能用途與美學吸引力。)
* I really admire the aesthetic choices you made for the interior design of our living room. (我真的很欽佩你為我們客廳室內設計所做的審美選擇。)
#### 與飲食相關的詞彙
* Snack 零食
* 指分量較小、非正餐的食物，為**可數名詞**。
* If you feel a bit hungry between meals, you can have a healthy snack like some nuts or fruit. (如果你在兩餐之間覺得有點餓，可以吃點堅果或水果之類的健康小吃。)
* I usually have a quick snack at 11 a.m. (我通常在上午11點吃個點心。)
* Street food 街頭小吃、路邊攤美食
* 泛指在街頭、夜市或餐車販售的平價、即食食品，為**不可數名詞**。
* Let's go to the night market and grab some street food. (我們去夜市吃一些小吃吧！)
* What's your favorite street food in Taiwan? (你最喜歡的台灣小吃是什麼？)
* Night market 夜市
* Visiting a night market is the best way to experience the vibrant street food culture of this city. (逛夜市是體驗這座城市充滿活力的街頭美食文化最好的方式。)
* Street vendor 攤販、小販
* 指在街頭售賣商品或食物的人。
* The street vendor carefully prepared the tasty fried chicken for the long queue of customers. (攤販為大排長龍的顧客仔細準備著美味的炸雞。)
* In some cities, street vendors need a specific license to maintain the hygiene standards of the area. (在某些城市，小販需要特定的執照以維持該地區的衛生標準。)
* Stall / Stand 攤位
* 指在市場或夜市中固定的一個小空間。`stall` 較常用於市場；`stand` 常用於路邊臨時的。
* I found a hidden food stall in the corner of the market that serves the best beef noodles. (我在市場角落找到一個隱藏的攤位，供應著最棒的牛肉麵。)
* There is a small juice stand on the street corner where you can buy freshly squeezed orange juice. (街角有一個小果汁攤，你可以在那裡買到現榨的柳橙汁。)
* Market / Bazaar / Fair 市場、市集
* `market` 是通用詞；`bazaar` 常指義賣市集或中東、印度、東南亞地區的熱鬧露天市場；`fair` 則常指帶有娛樂性質的博覽會或集市。
* We decided to explore the local traditional market to find some fresh ingredients for our dinner. (我們決定探索當地的傳統市場，為我們的晚餐找一些新鮮食材。)
* The city's ancient bazaar is full of spices and carpets. (這座城市的古老市集裡到處是香料和地毯。)
* We are holding a Christmas bazaar to raise money for charity. (我們正在舉辦聖誕義賣會來為慈善籌款。)
* Our school is having a **school fair** this Friday. (我們學校本週五有園遊會。)
* The company will attend a computer trade fair next month. (公司下個月將參加電腦貿易展。)
* Buffet 自助餐
* The hotel offers a fantastic breakfast buffet with a wide variety of international dishes. (飯店提供極佳的自助早餐，備有種類繁多的國際菜餚。)
* I enjoyed the variety of dishes at the buffet, especially the seafood selection. (我喜歡自助餐的各種菜餚，特別是海鮮選擇。)
* Set menu / Course meal 套餐、桌菜
* `set menu` 指固定菜色的套餐；`course meal` 則強調整套包含前菜、主菜到甜點的「宴席」或「桌菜」，常見用法為 `數字-course meal`。
* The restaurant provides a special set menu for couples celebrating Valentine's Day. (這家餐廳為慶祝情人節的情侶提供特別的套餐。)
* A traditional Chinese wedding usually features a ten-course meal with various delicacies. (傳統的中式婚禮通常以包含各種佳餚的十道菜桌菜為特色。)
* Fine dining 高檔餐飲、高級料理
* 指環境雅緻、服務優質且價格昂貴的正式用餐體驗。
* Phillip's Restaurant is known for its high-quality fine dining and fantastic atmosphere. (菲利浦餐廳以其高質量的進階餐飲和極佳的氣氛聞名。)
* When attending a fine dining establishment, it is essential to dress formally. (前往高檔餐飲機構時，著裝正式至關重要。)
* Delicacy 佳餚、珍饈、美食
* 指某種特別、珍貴或具有地方特色的美味食物，為**可數名詞**。
* Roasted duck is considered a famous delicacy that every tourist should try in Beijing. (烤鴨被認為是每位遊客在北京都應該嘗試的著名佳餚。)
* The chef used rare mushrooms to create a unique delicacy for the VIP customers. (主廚使用稀有蘑菇為 VIP 顧客創造了一道獨特的美食。)
## 寫作建議
當你支持其中一方時，若他有明顯的缺點 (如文中提到 Phillip's 的人氣不高)，不要避而不談，反而要像作者一樣主動提出並給予合理的解釋或猜測。這種寫法會讓閱卷老師覺得你的思維周密且客觀。
## 38.
1. Sally **rushed** to the MRT station because she **overslept** and didn't want to be late for school. As she passed by people, she **couldn't help but notice** something unusual: the **number** of people wearing masks was much greater than usual. When she **stepped onto** an MRT car, she was shocked to see that almost every passenger was wearing a mask. She started to wonder if reports of poor air quality had **prompted** so many people to cover their faces. As she checked her smartphone, she found that the news was mainly about a **global epidemic**.
2. According to news reports, there was an **outbreak** of a new virus in a big city in Asia. Officials were warning the public to protect themselves, especially **the elderly** and those with weak **immune systems**. As time went by, more and more cases were **reported** across the world. People **panicked**, and governments **took urgent measures** to get the **epidemic** under control. **On top of that**, demand for masks was at an **all-time high**, and mask manufacturers just couldn't **keep up**. As a result, **restrictions were placed on** the number of masks people could **purchase**. There was nothing people could do **but** pray the problem could be **tackled** soon.
作文百句 38 單字整理
## 單字
* MRT (n. phr.) 捷運 (大眾捷運系統)
* 常見用法為 `take the MRT`。全名為 `Mass Rapid Transit`。
* Taking the MRT is the most convenient way to travel around the city during rush hour. (在尖峰時段，搭乘捷運是城市旅行最方便的方式。)
* Mass (adj.) 大眾的、大規模的
* The government is trying to improve mass communication to reach more citizens. (政府正試圖改善大眾傳播，以接觸更多公民。)
* Rapid (adj.) 快速的、迅速的
* The city has experienced rapid growth in its population over the last decade. (在過去十年中，這座城市的人口經歷了快速增長。)
* Transit (n.) 運輸、載運、過境
* The new policy aims to encourage more people to use public transit instead of driving. (新政策旨在鼓勵更多人使用大眾運輸，而不是開車。)
* Station
* (n.) 車站、站
* I'll meet you at the main entrance of the subway station in ten minutes. (十分鐘後我會在捷運站的主門口跟你碰面。)
* There is a police station right next to the shopping mall for public safety. (為了公共安全，購物中心旁邊就有一個警察局。)
* (v.) 駐紮、派駐
* Several soldiers were stationed at the border to prevent illegal entry. (幾名士兵被派駐在邊境以防止非法入境。)
* The reporter was stationed in the conflict zone to provide first-hand news reports. (記者被派駐在衝突區，以提供第一手新聞報導。)
* Unusual (adj.) 不尋常的、異常的
* 反義詞為 `usual`。
* The scientists observed an unusual pattern in the migration of birds this year. (科學家們觀察到今年鳥類遷徙中有一種不尋常的模式。)
* Wear
* (v.) 穿、戴
* 三態為 `wear` → `wore` → `worn`。除了穿戴衣服、眼鏡、飾品，帶著笑容也可以用 `wear`。
* All students are required to wear their uniforms during the school assembly. (所有學生在學校集會期間都必須穿著校服。)
* She always wears a confident smile when she gives a presentation in front of the class. (當她在全班同學面前做簡報時，總是帶著自信的笑容。)
* (v.) 磨損
* `wear out` 表「磨損」、「用壞」、「使筋疲力盡」，指東西因長時間使用而磨損到無法使用。
* The carpet is beginning to wear out. (地毯開始磨損了。)
* The long hike wore me out. (長途跋涉使我筋疲力盡。)
* `wear down` 表「磨損」、「磨薄」、「磨短」，強調因摩擦或持續使用而導致外表變薄或變小。
* The tires are worn down. (輪胎已經磨平了。)
* The steps have been worn down over the years. (多年來，台階已被磨損殆盡。)
* (n.) 穿著
* 通常指特定類型的衣物，為**不可數名詞**。常見搭配有 `casual wear` (休閒服)、`sportswear` (運動服)、`menswear` (男裝)、`womenswear` (女裝)、`evening wear` (晚禮服) 等。
* The store sells a variety of summer wear. (這家店賣各式各樣的夏裝。)
* (n.) 磨損
* 常見片語為 `wear and tear` (折舊、磨損)、show signs of wear (顯示出磨損跡象)。
* The expensive tires showed very little wear and tear even after the long journey. (即使在長途旅行後，這些昂貴的輪胎也幾乎沒有顯示出磨損。)
* The carpet is showing signs of wear. (地毯出現了磨損的痕跡。)
* Mask
* (n.) 口罩；面具
* The doctor put on a surgical mask before entering the operating room. (醫生在進入手術室前戴上了醫用口罩。)
* Children love to wear scary masks to celebrate Halloween in the neighborhood. (孩子們喜歡戴上恐怖的面具在社區慶祝萬聖節。)
* (v.) 掩飾、遮蓋
* 指隱藏情緒或難聞的味道。
* He tried to mask his disappointment with a forced smile when he lost the game. (當他輸掉比賽時，他試圖用強顏歡笑來掩飾他的失望。)
* The scent of lavender was used to mask the smell of cigarette smoke in the hotel room. (薰衣草的香氣被用來掩蓋飯店房間裡的菸味。)
* Passenger (n.) 乘客、旅客
* 指搭乘各種交通工具 (飛機、火車、公車、汽車等) 但非駕駛的人。
* All passengers are requested to remain seated until the plane comes to a complete stop. (所有乘客被要求保持就座，直到飛機完全停穩為止。)
* The bus driver reminded the passengers to watch their personal belongings. (公車司機提醒乘客們注意自己的個人財物。)
* Wonder
* (v.) 想知道、納悶
* 常見搭配為 `wonder why`, `wonder if/whether`。
* I wonder why he slept so early yesterday. (我想知道他昨天為什麼那麼早睡覺。)
* The scientists wondered if there was any form of life on the distant planet. (科學家們想知道那顆遙遠的行星上是否有任何形式的生命。)
* (n.) 奇蹟、奇觀、驚奇
* 常見用法為 `no wonder` (難怪)。
* The Grand Canyon is truly one of the natural wonders of the world. (大峽谷確實是世界自然奇蹟之一。)
* No wonder he looks so tired; he stayed up all night to tackle the urgent project. (難怪他看起來這麼累；他熬了一整夜來應對那個緊急計畫。)
* With his girlfriend in his arms, it's no wonder that Mark becomes the happiest man. (女友在懷，難怪 Mark 成了世界上最幸福的人。)
* Report
* (n.) 報告、報導
* 常見搭配有 `weather report` (天氣預報)、`annual report` (年報)、`confidential report` (機密報告)。
* The latest report on climate change suggests that we need to take urgent measures immediately. (關於氣候變遷的最新報告建議我們需要立即採取緊急措施。)
* According to the official report, the missing stranger was finally found near the mountain station. (根據官方報導，失蹤的陌生人最終在山站附近被發現。)
* (v.) 報導、報告、報案
* If you see any suspicious behavior in the subway station, you should report it to the police at once. (如果你在捷運站看到任何可疑行為，你應該立即向警方報案。)
* The journalist was sent to the conflict zone to report on the current state of the war. (記者被派往衝突區報導戰爭的現狀。)
* Prompt
* (v.) 促使、導致、激起
* 指激發或引發某種行動或反應。
* The sudden drop in stock prices prompted many investors to sell their shares. (股市價格的突然下跌促使許多投資者賣出股票。)
* The feedback from the users prompted the developer to add a new security feature to the app. (使用者的回饋促使開發者在應用程式中加入了一個新的安全功能。)
* (adj.) 迅速的
* Your prompt response to my request helped us complete the project on time. (你對我要求的迅速回應幫助我們準時完成了計畫。)
* Try to be prompt because we'll be very short of time. (儘量快點，因為我們時間很緊迫。)
* (n.) 提示、演講或演出時的提詞；提示詞、指令
* The actor forgot his lines and needed a prompt. (演員忘詞了，需要提詞。)
* I gave the AI tool a detailed prompt to generate the image. (我給了 AI 工具一個詳細的提示詞來生成圖像。)
* Cover
* (v.) 覆蓋、遮蓋
* 常見用法為 `be covered with N`
* The mountains were completely covered with thick snow after the severe storm last night. (昨晚強烈的暴風雨過後，山脈完全被厚雪覆蓋。)
* (v.) 報導
* 指媒體對事件的跟蹤。
* The journalist spent weeks in the hospital to cover the story of the newly discovered virus. (記者在醫院待了數週，以報導有關新發現病毒的故事。)
* (v.) 支付；涵蓋
* Don't worry about the travel expenses; the company will cover everything regardless of the cost. (別擔心差旅費；公司會支付一切，不論成本高低。)
* The report covers all aspects. (這份報告涵蓋了所有面向。)
* (n.) 封面
* `from cover to cover` 表「從頭到尾 (讀完一本書)」，形容完整、細緻地閱讀一本書、雜誌或報告，不遺漏任何內容。
* Yusuf’s photo was on the cover of the famous science magazine for his extraordinary achievement. (Yusuf 因為他非比尋常的成就而登上了著名科學雜誌的封面。)
* I read the book from cover to cover in one day. (我用一天時間把這本書從頭到尾讀完了。)
* She read the report from cover to cover. (她把報告從頭到尾看了一遍。)
* (n.) 掩蔽處
* 常見片語有 `under cover of sth` (秘密地、在...的掩護下)、`take cover` (尋找掩護、躲避)。
* They stole the car under cover of darkness. (他們在夜色掩護下偷了那輛車。)
* The soldiers moved through the forest under cover of darkness to avoid being seen by the enemy. (士兵們在黑暗的掩護下穿過森林，以避免被敵人看見。)
* The soldiers had to take cover from the sniper. (士兵們不得不尋找掩護以躲避狙擊手。)
* (n.) 蓋子；音樂翻唱
* Please put the cover back on the jar. (請把罐子的蓋子蓋回去。)
* This song is a cover of a 1990s hit. (這首歌是90年代熱門歌曲的翻唱。)
* Smartphone (n.) 智慧型手機
* 強調具備電腦功能、可上網、可安裝 App 的智慧型裝置。此外，`phone` 和 `cellphone` 也可以指手機。
* Nowadays, almost everyone uses a smartphone to check the news and social media. (現今，幾乎每個人都使用智慧型手機來查看新聞和社群媒體。)
* Don't forget to charge your cellphone before you leave for the long journey. (在出發長途旅行前，別忘了幫你的手機充電。)
* Please turn off your phone during the session to avoid disturbing others. (環節期間請關機，以免干擾他人。)
* Mainly (adv.) 主要地、大體上
* 指最重要的部分或原因。同義詞有 `primarily`、`mostly`。
* My diet consists mainly of fresh vegetables, fruits, and high-quality protein. (我的飲食主要由新鮮蔬菜、水果和高品質蛋白質組成。)
* The technical error in the system was mainly caused by an outdated software version. (系統中的技術錯誤主要是由過時的軟體版本引起的。)
* Global (adj.) 全球的、全世界的；整體的、全面的
* 名詞形為 `globe` (地球)，副詞形為 `globally`。
* The economic crisis had a global impact, affecting numerous businesses regardless of their size. (經濟危機具有全球性的影響，不論規模大小，影響了眾多企業。)
* The company is planning to expand its business into the global market within the next two years. (公司計畫在未來兩年內將業務擴展到全球市場。)
* This report gives a global picture of the company's finances. (這份報告對公司的整體財務狀況作了說明。)
* Epidemic
* (n.) 流行病、傳染病
* 指在特定地區快速傳播的疾病。
* The government launched a massive vaccination campaign to prevent the epidemic from spreading further. (政府發起了一場大規模的疫苗接種運動，以防止流行病進一步傳播。)
* We should educate the public about basic hygiene to reduce the risk of a flu epidemic. (我們應該向公眾教育基本衛生知識，以降低流感流行病的風險。)
* (adj.) (疾病或負面現象) 流行的
* Crime and poverty are epidemic in the city. (犯罪和貧窮在這個城市如瘟疫般蔓延。)
* Influenza was epidemic last winter. (流感在去年冬天流行。)
* Outbreak (n.) (戰爭、疾病或暴力事件) 爆發
* The outbreak of the war forced thousands of people to flee to neighboring countries. (戰爭的爆發迫使成千上萬的人逃往鄰國。)
* Health officials are working hard to trace the source of the recent salmonella outbreak. (衛生官員正努力追蹤近期沙門氏菌爆發的來源。)
* Official (n.) 官員 (adj.) 官方的、正式的
* Several senior officials attended the international conference to discuss climate change. (幾位高級官員出席了討論氣候變遷的國際會議。)
* The bank is waiting for official documents from the headquarters before approving the loan. (銀行在核准貸款前正在等待總部的正式文件。)
* Protect (v.) 保護、防護
* 常見用法為 `protect A from/against B`。
* The new law was designed to protect the rights of minority groups in the workplace. (這項新法律旨在保護職場中少數群體的權利。)
* Parents should always wear helmets to protect their children from potential head injuries while cycling. (父母在騎單車時應始終戴上頭盔，以保護孩子免受潛在的頭部傷害。)
* These special glasses can effectively protect your eyes against harmful ultraviolet radiation. (這些特製眼鏡能有效保護你的眼睛免受有害紫外線輻射。)
* Elderly (adj.) 年長的、年邁的
* 這是比 `old` 委婉且尊重的寫法。`the elderly` 表「年長者」，為集合名詞。
* An elderly couple was seen walking hand in hand in the park, enjoying the fantastic atmosphere. (有人看到一對老夫婦在公園裡手牽手散步，享受著極佳的氣氛。)
* The government should provide more financial support for the elderly who live alone. (政府應該為獨居老人提供更多經濟支持。)
* Weak (adj.) 虛弱的、軟弱的
* `weak point` 表「弱點」。
* The bridge was closed because its structure had become too weak to support heavy trucks. (這座橋被關閉了，因為其結構變得太脆弱，無法支撐重型卡車。)
* Alana noticed a weak pulse in the stranger's wrist and immediately called for help. (Alana 注意到那名陌生人的手腕脈搏微弱，立即呼救。)
* Immune (adj.) 免疫的、受保護的
* 常見用法為 `be immune to N`。`immune system` 表「免疫系統」。
* Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help strengthen your immune system. (規律運動和均衡飲食能幫助強化你的免疫系統。)
* Some people are naturally immune to certain types of viruses found in the rainforest. (有些人天生對雨林中發現的某些類型病毒具有免疫力。)
* No one is immune to criticism, regardless of their social status or achievements. (不論其社會地位或成就為何，沒有人能免於批評。)
* System (n.) 系統、制度、體系
* Tokyo has an excellent rail system. (東京有很棒的鐵路系統。)
* The educational system in this country focuses more on practical skills than on exams. (這個國家的教育制度比起考試更注重實務技能。)
* Our body is a complex system that requires various nutrients to function properly. (我們的身體是一個複雜的體系，需要各種營養才能正常運作。)
* Case (n.) 案例、病例
* 在本文指流行病學中的「確診病例」。此單字的其他意思詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-31-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* The health department reported ten new cases of the virus yesterday. (衛生部門昨天通報了十例新的病毒確診病例。)
* Each confirmed case was tracked carefully to prevent a larger outbreak. (每一例確診病例都經過仔細追蹤，以防止更大規模的爆發。)
* Urgent (adj.) 緊急的、急迫的
* I'm sorry to interrupt, but there is an urgent phone call from your manager. (抱歉打擾，但有你經理打來的緊急電話。)
* Solving the problem of water pollution has become an urgent task for the local council. (解決水污染問題已成為地方議會的一項緊急任務。)
* Measure
* (n.) 措施、方法
* 常見用法為 `take measures`。
* The company took urgent measures to protect its database after the cyberattack. (在網路攻擊後，公司採取了緊急措施來保護其資料庫。)
* The new law includes several measures to reduce plastic waste in the ocean. (新法律包括幾項減少海洋塑料垃圾的措施。)
* (v.) 測量；評估；量起來有...、計作
* `measure up to/against N` 表「符合 (標準)、達到 (期望)、與…相當」。
* I measured the length of the room. (我測量了房間的長度。)
* Scientists are trying to measure the impact of climate change. (科學家們正試圖評估氣候變遷的影響。)
* The room measures 5 meters in length. (這房間量起來有5公尺長。)
* She could never measure up to her mother's expectations. (她永遠無法達到她母親的期望。)
* All-time (adj.) 空前的、前所未有的
* 通常**放在名詞前**，強調在所有時間紀錄中最高、最低或最棒的。
* The team's morale hit an all-time low after losing five games in a row. (在連續輸掉五場比賽後，團隊的士氣跌到了歷史新低。)
* This movie is considered one of the all-time greats in the history of science fiction. (這部電影被認為是科幻電影史上空前的偉大作品之一。)
* High (n.) 高點、紀錄
* 常見用法為 `reach/hit a high` (達到高點)。
* The stock market reached a new high. (股市達到了新高點。)
* During the epidemic, the level of public anxiety hit a new high. (在流行病期間，大眾焦慮的程度達到了新高。)
* Manufacturer (n.) 製造商、廠商
* 動詞形為 `manufacture` (大量生產)。
* The car manufacturer decided to recall thousands of vehicles due to a technical error. (由於技術錯誤，這家汽車製造商決定召回數千輛汽車。)
* You should contact the manufacturer directly if you find any defects in the smartphone. (如果你發現智慧型手機有任何瑕疵，應該直接聯繫製造商。)
* Pray (v.) 祈禱、祈求
* 除了宗教意義上的祈禱，也可用於一般的誠心希望。
* 常見用法為 `pray to sb` (向某人祈禱)、`pray for sth/sb` (祈求某事、為某人祈禱)。
* I pray that you will have pity on my distress. (我請求你可怜可怜我的不幸遭遇。)
* Many people pray to Wenchang Dijun for success on the tests. (許多人向文昌帝君祈求考試順利。)
* The farmers are praying for rain to save their dying crops from the severe drought. (農民們正祈求降雨，以挽救他們因嚴重乾旱而枯萎的作物。)
* Let us pray for the victims of this disaster. (讓我們為這次災難的受害者祈禱。)
* Tackle (v.) 處理、應對 (困難問題)
* The local council is determined to tackle the problem of rising crime in the neighborhood. (地方議會決心處理社區犯罪上升的問題。)
* We need a professional team to tackle the technical errors in the communication system. (我們需要一個專業團隊來應對通訊系統中的技術錯誤。)
作文百句 38 片語整理
## 片語
* Rush to N 趕往...、衝向...
* The rescue team rushed to the mountain village after receiving an urgent call for help. (救難隊在接到緊急求救電話後趕往山村。)
* Don't rush to a conclusion before you check all the evidence in this case. (在檢查這件案子的所有證據之前，不要急於下結論。)
* Be late for N ...遲到
* If you don't leave home right now, you will definitely be late for the important interview. (如果你現在不出門，你絕對會面試遲到。)
* Leo is known for being punctual; he has never been late for a meeting. (Leo 以守時聞名；他從未會議遲到過。)
* The number of ...的數量
* 後面必須接**可數複數名詞**，否則須使用 `the amount of`。因為主詞是「那個數字 (the number)」，所以兩者的動詞搭配皆為**單數動詞**。
* The number of students in the class **is** 40. (班級的學生人數是40人。)
* The number of COVID-19 patients **has** increased. (新冠病患的數量增加了。)
* The amount of time needed **is** limited. (所需的時間有限。)
* The amount of water in the bottle **is** small. (瓶子裡水的量很少。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `A number of` vs. `An amount of` 許多
* `a number of` 的意思等同於 `many`，後方必須接**可數複數名詞**。因為主詞是「許多的人/物」，所以動詞搭配為**複數動詞**。
* A number of people **have** visited the museum. (有許多人參觀過博物館。)
* A number of cars **were** damaged. (許多車子毀損了。)
* `an amount of` 的意思等同於 `much`，後方必須接**不可數名詞**，動詞搭配為**單數動詞**。
* A large amount of money **was** spent on the project. (這項目花費了巨額資金。)
* A large amount of water **is** needed. (需要大量的水。)
{% endhint %}
* Step onto N 踏上...、上 (火車、捷運等)
* 指進入大型交通工具或站上某個平面。
* The young actor felt incredibly nervous as he stepped onto the stage for the first time. (那名年輕演員第一次踏上舞台時感到無比緊張。)
* Please mind the gap between the platform and the train when you step onto the car. (上車時請小心月台與列車之間的空隙。)
* Prompt sb to VR 促使某人做某事
* The beautiful sunset prompted him to take a photo of the fantastic landscape. (美麗的日落促使他拍下這片極佳的風景。)
* The mysterious smell in the kitchen prompted Yusuf to check the condition of the stove. (廚房裡神祕的味道促使主公去檢查爐火的狀況。)
* According to N 根據...、依照...
* 用來引述資訊來源或準則。
* According to the latest weather report, a severe storm will hit the city this weekend. (根據最新天氣預報，這週末強烈暴風雨將襲擊這座城市。)
* The students were organized into different groups according to their levels of English. (學生們根據他們的英文程度被組織到不同的組別。)
* As time goes by 隨著時間流逝
* As time goes by, you will discover that honesty is more important than anything else. (隨著時間流逝，你會發現誠實比任何東西都重要。)
* Her wound started to heal as time went by, but the mental scar still remained. (隨著時間流逝她的傷口開始癒合，但心理創傷依然存在。)
* Get sth under control 控制住某事
* 常用於描述疾病、火災或混亂局面得到控制。
* It took the firefighters several hours to get the forest fire under control. (消防員花了幾個小時才控制住那場森林大火。)
* The company's crisis management team worked hard to get the scandal under control. (公司的危機管理團隊努力工作以控制住這場醜聞。)
* On top of N 除了...之外 (而且)
* 通常帶有**負面**或強調額外負擔的意味。
* On top of the parking fee, I got a ticket. (除了停車費，我還收到一張罰單。)
* The hotel was in poor condition and on top of that, the service was absolutely disgusting. (那家飯店狀況很差，而且服務絕對令人反感。)
* Keep up (+ with N) 跟上...、趕上...
* 指保持同樣的速度或水平。
* Many small businesses struggle to keep up with the rapid changes in technology. (許多小型企業掙扎著要跟上科技的快速變化。)
* I had to run fast to keep up with Alana’s long strides during our morning walk. (在我們晨走期間，我必須跑得很快才能跟上 Alana 的大步。)
* Place restrictions on N 對...實施限制
* 除了 `place`，更正式的法律用語會用 `impose` (強制實行)。
* During the dry season, the city placed restrictions on watering lawns to save water. (在旱季期間，這座城市對灌溉草坪實施了限制以節約用水。)
* The government decided to impose strict restrictions on international travel to prevent the virus from entering. (政府決定對國際旅行實施嚴格限制，以防止病毒進入。)
作文百句 38 文法整理
## 文法
### Nothing but 僅僅、只有 / Anything but 一點也不
在這裡，`but` 表「除...外」，意思與 `except` 相似，它後方接的詞性由前面的動詞決定。請注意，`nothing but` 和 `anything but` 的意思完全不同。
#### `but` 的前面**有動詞**** ****`do`**
此時，`but` 後方必須接 `VR`。`do nothing but VR` 也可以替換成 `do little but VR`，表「除了…之外**幾乎**什麼都沒做」。
* He did nothing but **complain** about the weather all day. (他整天除了抱怨天氣之外什麼也沒做。)
* The little boy did nothing but **cry** for his mother in the MRT station. (那個小男孩在捷運站除了哭著找媽媽外，什麼也沒做。)
* There is nothing to do but **pray** for a miracle during the outbreak. (在爆發期間，除了祈禱奇蹟，無事可做。)
* With the global epidemic spreading, the government could do little but **impose** restrictions. (隨著全球疫情蔓延，政府除了實施限制外，幾乎無能為力。)
* She could do little but **watch** her smartphone screen go black. (除了看著手機螢幕變黑，她幾乎無能為力。)
* She does anything but **study** when she is at home. (她在家的時候什麼都做，就是不讀書。) → 也可以翻譯成她在家的時候一點也不讀書。
* The suspicious stranger did anything but **tell** the truth to the police. (那個可疑的陌生人除了對警察說實話外，什麼都做了。)
#### `but` 的前面**沒有動詞**** ****`do`**
此時，`but` 後方可以接 N/Adj/V-ing...，端看前面的句子結構需要什麼。
* He is nothing but **my friend**. Don't think too much. (他就只是我的朋友而已。別想太多。) → 句構為「is \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `my friend`。
* I want nothing but **your love and attention**. (除了你的愛與關注，我什麼都不想要。) → 句構為「want \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `your love and attention`。
* During the quarantine, she thought of nothing but **travelling** across the world.\
(在隔離期間，她腦子裡除了環遊世界什麼都沒想。) → 句構為「thought of \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入動名詞 `traveling`。
* The test served as nothing but **a practice**. (這場考試僅僅是作為一次練習而已。) → 句構為「served as \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `a practice`。
* He enjoys nothing but **playing** video games. (除了玩電玩，他什麼都不喜歡。) → 句構為「enjoys \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入動名詞 `playing`。
* The food was anything but **tasty**. (這食物一點也不好吃。) → 句構為「was \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入形容詞 `tasty`。
* I find playing video games anything but **beneficial** to me. (我覺得打電玩對我來說一點益處也沒有。) → 句構為「find playing video games \_\_\_\_」(`find + O + OC`)，所以 `but` 後面可以填入形容詞 `beneficial`。
* He dreams of anything but **working** in a crowded office for the rest of his life.\
(他夢想著這輩子除了在擁擠的辦公室工作以外的任何事。) → 句構為「dreams of \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入動名詞 `working`。
* The greedy official wants anything but **the truth** to be reported in the news. (這位貪婪的官員希望新聞報導的不是真相，而是其他任何東西。) → 句構為「wants \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `the truth`。
* The result of the experiment was anything but **satisfactory**. (實驗結果一點也不令人滿意。) → 句構為「was \_\_\_\_」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入形容詞 `satisfactory`。
* All but **the elderly** were required to take the long-distance hike. (除了年長者，所有人都被要求進行長途健行。) → 句構為「\_\_\_\_ were required」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `the elderly`。
* Nobody but **Sammy** knows my password. (除了 Sammy，沒人知道我的密碼。) → 句構為「\_\_\_\_ knows」，所以 `but` 後面可以填入名詞 `Sammy`。
作文百句 38 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文第一段透過 Sally 睡過頭、趕捷運的日常瑣事，由 Sally 的觀察引出「戴口罩的人數異常增加」這個不尋常的現象。這種寫法能迅速抓住讀者的好奇心——為什麼大家都在戴口罩？接著第二段才正式揭曉背後的科學與社會原因 (流行病爆發)，這種由小見大的寫法非常具有吸引力。
本文還使用了大量的因果連結，如：
* 現象：Poor air quality? → Prompted people to cover faces.
* 事實：New virus outbreak → Officials warning the public.
* 結果：High demand for masks → Restrictions on purchase.
這種層層遞進的寫法，能讓文章顯得邏輯嚴密。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Contagious (adj.) 接觸傳染的、(情緒) 具感染力的
* The new variant of the virus is highly contagious, prompting the government to raise the alert level. (這種新變種病毒具高度傳染性，促使政府提高警戒級別。)
* His laughter was so contagious that soon everyone in the room was smiling. (他的笑聲很有感染力，很快房間裡的每個人都笑了。)
* Quarantine (n./v.) 隔離
* Travelers arriving from high-risk areas were required to undergo a fourteen-day quarantine. (來自高風險地區的旅客被要求進行為期十四天的隔離。)
* The entire building was quarantined after a confirmed case was found on the third floor. (在三樓發現確診病例後，整棟建築都被隔離了。)
* Vaccine (n.) 疫苗
* 衍生動詞為 `vaccinate` (接種疫苗)，其名詞形為 `vaccination`。
* Scientists worked around the clock to develop an effective vaccine against the global epidemic. (科學家們晝夜不停地工作，以研發對抗全球流行病的有效疫苗。)
* Vaccination is considered the most effective measure to protect the elderly from severe illness. (接種疫苗被認為是保護年長者免於重病最有效的措施。)
* Preventive (adj.) 預防性的
* 常用於 `preventive measures` (預防措施)。
* Wearing masks and washing hands frequently are essential preventive measures during an outbreak. (在疫情爆發期間，戴口罩和勤洗手是必要的預防措施。)
* Regular health check-ups serve as a preventive step to detect potential diseases early. (定期健康檢查是早期發現潛在疾病的預防性步驟。)
* Sanitizer (n.) 消毒劑、洗手液
* `hand sanitizer` 指「酒精搓手液/乾洗手」。動詞為 `sanitize`，其形容詞為 `sanitary`，名詞形為 `sanitization`。
* Every MRT station is equipped with alcohol-based hand sanitizers for passengers to use. (每個捷運站都配備了酒精洗手液供乘客使用。)
* Using sanitizer can effectively eliminate bacteria on your smartphone screen. (使用消毒劑能有效消除智慧型手機螢幕上的細菌。)
#### 醫療場所相關詞彙
* Ward 病房
* 指醫院中放置多張病床的大型空間或病房區域。`general ward` 指普通病房。
* There are six elderly patients staying in this ward for long-term observation. (有六位年長病患住在這個病房進行長期觀察。)
* The patient was transferred from the ICU to the general ward after his condition stabilized. (病人病情穩定後，從加護病房轉入了普通病房。)
* Examination room 診間、診查室、體檢室
* The nurse asked James to wait in the examination room while the doctor prepared the results. (護士請 James 在診間稍候，醫生正在準備結果。)
* Patients often spend most of their time in the examination room. (病人通常把大部分時間花在診查室。)
* Intensive care unit 加護病房
* 縮寫為 `ICU`，指專門照顧重症病患的單位。通常作為**可數名詞**，使用前加 `the`。
* She has been in the ICU for three days. (她已經在加護病房住了三天。)
* Those with weak immune systems may need to be moved to the ICU if the infection worsens. (那些免疫系統較弱的人如果感染惡化，可能需要轉入加護病房。)
* Operating room 手術室、開刀房
* 縮寫為 `OR`，指進行手術 (`surgery`) 的地方。
* The medical staff cleaned the operating room thoroughly to ensure a sanitary environment. (醫護人員徹底清潔了手術室，以確保衛生的環境。)
* The patient was rushed to the operating room for emergency surgery. (病人被緊急送往手術室進行手術。)
* Emergency room 急診室
* 縮寫為 `ER`，指專門處理突發、危急的疾病或傷勢的單位。
* Nancy was rushed to the emergency room after the car accident. (Nancy 車禍後被緊急送往急診室。)
* Please wait outside the emergency room. (請在急診室外等候。)
#### 常見疾病與症狀相關詞彙
通常會寫成 `have a/the + 疾病` 表「得了...」。
* Cold (n.) 感冒
* 為**可數名詞**，通常寫 `have/catch a cold` (得了/染上感冒)。也可寫成 `common cold`。
* I can't help but sneeze because I caught a cold last night. (我忍不住打噴嚏，因為我昨晚感冒了。)
* Symptoms of a cold include a sore throat and a runny nose. (感冒症狀包括喉嚨痛和流鼻水。)
* Flu (n.) 流感
* 為**不可數名詞**，但習慣在前面加 `the`，寫成 `have the flu`。
* The flu is much more contagious than a common cold regardless of your age. (不論年齡，流感的傳染性都比普通感冒強得多。)
* I think I have the flu. (我覺得我得了流感。)
* Fever (n.) 發燒
* 為**可數名詞**，通常寫 `have/run a fever/temperature`。其中，`run` 更多用來描述體溫起伏的「持續性」發燒。
* She has a fever and a sore throat. (她發燒且喉嚨痛。)
* The child has been running a fever for three days. (這孩子已經持續發燒三天了。)
* The doctor asked Mary to stay in bed because she was running a temperature. (醫生要瑪麗臥床休息，因為她當時正在發燒。)
* Cough (n./v.) 咳嗽
* 當名詞時，為**可數名詞**，通常寫 `have a cough`。
* She gave a little cough. (她輕輕咳了一聲)。
* Using warm water can help soothe a dry cough caused by poor air quality. (喝溫水能幫助緩解空氣品質差引起的乾咳。)
* I've had a cough for a few days. (我咳嗽好幾天了。)
* Cover your mouth when you cough. (咳嗽時捂住嘴。)
* Phlegm (n.) 痰
* 為**不可數名詞**。`spit out` / `cough up phlegm` 指「吐掉/咳出痰」。
* It is a disgusting habit to spit out phlegm on the floor in public places. (在公共場所隨地吐痰是一個噁心的習慣。)
* The patient felt better after coughing up some **thick phlegm**. (病人在咳出一些濃痰後感覺好多了。)
* Runny nose (n. phr.) 流鼻水
* 為**可數名詞**，通常寫 `have a runny nose`。
* Besides a slight fever, Sally also has a runny nose and a headache. (除了輕微發燒，莎莉還流鼻水和頭痛。)
* Stuffy nose / Nasal congestion 鼻塞
* `stuffy nose` 較口語，為**可數名詞**，通常寫 `have a stuffy nose`；`nasal congestion` 較正式，為**不可數名詞**。
* I couldn't sleep well last night because of my stuffy nose. (我昨晚因為鼻塞睡不好。)
* He uses a **nasal spray** to relieve his nasal congestion. (他用鼻噴劑來緩解鼻塞。)
* Sneeze (n./v.) 打噴嚏
* 當名詞時，為**可數名詞**。
* He let out a loud sneeze that shocked all the passengers on the MRT car. (他打了一個響亮的噴嚏，嚇到了捷運車廂內的所有乘客。)
* She gave a violent sneeze. (她打了一個劇烈的噴嚏。)
* He started sneezing violently. (他開始劇烈地打噴嚏。)
* The pepper made me sneeze. (胡椒讓我打噴嚏。)
## 39.
1. "California **deadly** school shooting." "A criminal **broke into** a school to **sneak shots** of pupils." ... Such headlines of the past **incidents** probably still **haunt** many people nowadays, having caused wide **concerns**. Many parents and students are **anxious** that **similar incidents** may occur again.
2. Actually, a school, **in essence**, should be a safe place that **performs** the function of education and provide **shelter**, since most students are too young to take care of themselves and **hence** are in need of protection. A school should also be a paradise **where** students can learn freely and **gaily**. However, the current situation is **far from** **satisfactory**.
3. **From time to time**, campus security problems **are reported**, **ranging** from the break-in of **ill-intentioned intruders**, the **unattended** playground equipment like slides or swings, and the buildings' windows with **rotted** bars, to even students of **unstable** mental status and the **hostile climate** that leads to **bullying**.
4. **As** a member of school, everyone **on campus** has the responsibility to **maintain** campus security. For example, schools **ought to** have equipment **checked regularly**, **install surveillance** cameras, keep the campus well **lit**, and have guards increase the **patrol** trips, so that criminals or **hostile intruders** cannot possibly hide anywhere.
5. Besides, teachers should always **be sensitive to** students' mental status and create a friendly environment. **As for** students, we should always be watchful and **alert to** any change and report the unusual case, **if any**, to teachers or parents. It is also necessary that we should **be** supportive and pay attention to the emotions and mental status of our classmates. Lastly, parents should play an **indispensable** role in maintaining campus security. Parents should be sensitive to their children's behavior and always keep teachers **informed of** any problem. With all these roles **interwoven**, campus security is definitely **enhanced**, providing students **with** a safe and friendly environment.
作文百句 39 單字整理
## 單字
* Deadly (adj.) 致命的、致死的 (adv.) 極度地、非常
* The virus can be deadly. (這病毒可能是致命的。)
* Using a deadly weapon to settle a small conflict is an act of extreme madness. (使用致命武器來解決小衝突是一種極度瘋狂的行為。)
* The environment in the deep ocean is deadly cold and high-pressured for most creatures. (深海環境對大多數生物來說是極度寒冷且高壓的。)
* It was a deadly dull play. (那是一場極其枯燥乏味的演出。)
* School shooting (n. phr.) 校園槍擊案
* We must tackle the root causes of violence to prevent another school shooting from happening. (我們必須解決暴力的根源，以防止另一場校園槍擊案發生。)
* Criminal (n.) 罪犯 (adj.) 犯罪的、刑事的
* `criminal record` 指「犯罪紀錄」。
* The criminal tried to escape from the police station by pretending to be an officer. (這名罪犯試圖透過偽裝成警察從警察局逃跑。)
* His criminal behavior eventually led him to spend several years in prison. (他的犯罪行為最終導致他在監獄裡待了幾年。)
* A person with a criminal record might find it difficult to get a job in a primary school. (有犯罪紀錄的人可能會發現很難在小學找到工作。)
* Sneak
* (v.) 偷偷地走、潛行、溜
* `sneak a shot` 指「偷拍」；`sneak a peek` 指「偷看、先睹為快」。`sneak into N` 指「偷偷進入...、混入...」。
* He tried to sneak out of the house. (他試圖偷偷溜出家門。)
* The reporter tried to sneak a shot of the celebrity's house from the trees. (記者試圖從樹叢中偷拍那位名人的房子。)
* She tried to sneak into the movie. (她試圖偷偷混進電影院。)
* (adj.) 偷偷摸摸的、暗中進行的、偷襲的
* `sneak shot` (n.)，指「偷拍的照片」，常見用法為 `take a sneak shot`；`sneak peek` (n.) 指「搶先看」、「預覽」，常見搭配為 `have/take a sneak peak at/of sth`。
* It was a sneak attack. (那是一次偷襲。)
* Taking sneak shots of strangers in public without their consent is considered disrespectful. (未經同意在公共場合偷拍陌生人被視為不尊重。)
* Here's a sneak peek at our new collection. (這是一份我們新系列的搶先預覽。)
* Shot (n.) 照片、鏡頭；射擊；注射；一口酒
* 表「一口酒」時，指容量約 30 到 45 毫升的烈酒，通常一口氣喝完。
* `a flu shot` 表「流感疫苗注射」；`give it a shot` 表「嘗試一下、試試看」；`a long shot` 表「機會渺茫、希望不大」。
* The photographer waited for hours to get a perfect shot of the rare bird in the mountains. (攝影師等了幾個小時，才拍到那隻山中罕見鳥類的完美鏡頭。)
* Even if you are not sure about the answer, you should still give it a shot during the exam. (即使你不確定答案，在考試中你仍應該嘗試一下。)
* The criminal fired a shot into the air to threaten the passengers in the MRT station. (罪犯向空中開了一槍，以威脅捷運站內的乘客。)
* The doctor gave him a shot of penicillin. (醫生給他打了一針盤尼西林。)
* Let's do a shot to celebrate! (我們喝杯烈酒慶祝吧！)
* Pupil (n.) 學生、小學生；瞳孔
* 在英式英文中，`pupil` 特指國小或幼兒園年紀的孩子。
* The young pupils were playing happily on the playground when the teacher arrived. (當老師到達時，年幼的小學生們正在操場上愉快地玩耍。)
* Each pupil is required to wear a uniform to maintain the school's professional image. (每位學生都被要求穿著校服，以維持學校的專業形象。)
* The doctor shined a light into his eyes to check if his pupils reacted normally. (醫生用光照射他的眼睛，檢查他的瞳孔反應是否正常。)
* Headline (n.) 標題、頭條新聞
* `grab the headlines` 指「登上頭條」、「成為矚目焦點」。
* The news of the global epidemic has dominated the headlines for several consecutive weeks. (全球流行病的新聞已經連續幾週佔據了頭條。)
* You shouldn't trust the news based solely on a sensational headline without reading the full report. (你不應該只根據煽情的新聞標題而不讀完整報導就相信新聞。)
* The celebrity's shocking confession grabbed the headlines in all major newspapers. (這位名人的震驚告白搶佔了所有主要報紙的頭條。)
* Haunt (v.) (鬼魂) 出沒；困擾、經常出現在腦海中
* 除了指鬼魂出沒，也可以形容過去的慘痛回憶、恐懼或問題揮之不去。
* The old mansion is said to be haunted by a ghost. (據說那座古宅鬧鬼。)
* The tragic memory of the car accident still haunts Leo even after several years have passed. (即使過了幾年，那場車禍的悲慘回憶依然困擾著 Leo。)
* The fear of being bullied in school haunts many children, making them anxious about attending classes. (對在學校被霸凌的恐懼困擾著許多孩子，讓他們對上課感到焦慮。)
* Occur (v.) 發生；存在、出現；想起
* 三態為 `occur` → `occurred` → `occurred`，現在分詞形為 `occurring`。這個字一般**沒有被動語態**。
* `sth occurs to sb` 指「某人突然想到...」，也可以寫成 `it occurs to sb that ...`。
* We need to understand the root causes of violence to prevent such tragedies from occurring again. (我們需要了解暴力的根源，以防止這類悲劇再次發生。)
* These rare minerals only occur in certain types of volcanic rocks in the deep ocean. (這些稀有礦物僅存在於深海某些類型的火山岩中。)
* It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my smartphone on the bus this morning. (我突然想起我今天早上把手機忘在公車上了。)
* Essence (n.) 本質、實質、精華
* 指事物最核心、最根本的性質。形容詞與副詞形分別為 `essential`, `essentially`。
* `in essence` 表「本質上」，與 `essentially` 意思相同。
* The essence of education is not just memorizing facts, but developing critical thinking skills. (教育的本質不只是記住事實，而是培養批判性思考能力。)
* In essence, this newly proposed law aims to protect the rights of minority groups in the workplace. (實質上，這項新提議的法律旨在保護職場中少數群體的權利。)
* Hence (adv.) 因此、所以；從今以後、從現在起
* She was too young to take care of herself, and hence she was in desperate need of protection. (她太小了無法照顧自己，因此她急需保護。)
* He had a fever; hence, he decided to get tested for COVID-19. (他發燒了；因此，他決定去接受 COVID-19 檢測。)
* The project will be completed three years hence according to the official plan. (根據官方計畫，該計畫將於三年後完成。)
* The project will be completed eight months hence. (專案將於八個月後完成。)
* Protection (n.) 保護、防護
* `under the protection of N` 指「在...的保護下」。`environmental protection` 表「環境保護」。動詞形為 `protect`。
* The sturdy wooden screen provides both privacy and protection from the scorching sun. (堅固的木質屏風既提供了隱私，又提供了防曬保護。)
* The mask provides a basic level of protection against air pollution and contagious diseases. (口罩提供對抗空氣污染和傳染病的基本保護。)
* The species is under the protection of local laws. (該物種在當地法律的保護下。)
* Paradise (n.) 天堂、樂土、極樂世界
* 描述極其完美、快樂的地方。
* This tropical island is truly a paradise for those who enjoy diving and water sports. (這座熱帶島嶼對喜愛潛水和水上運動的人來說確實是個天堂。)
* His warm embrace is like a paradise where Alana feels completely safe and loved. (他溫暖的擁抱就像一個天堂，讓 Alana 感到完全安全與被愛。)
* Freely (adv.) 自由地、隨意地；免費地
* 形容詞為 `free`。
* Every student should be encouraged to express their ideas freely in the classroom. (每位學生都應被鼓勵在教室裡自由地表達他們的想法。)
* You can move freely within the ward as long as you don't disturb other patients. (只要不打擾其他病患，你可以在病房內自由移動。)
* The documents were distributed freely to the public to ensure transparency of the project. (這些文件被免費分發給大眾，以確保計畫的透明度。)
* Gaily (adv.) 快樂地、愉快地
* 形容詞為 `gay` (快樂的)，此意為傳統用法，現多作為名詞或形容詞，指男同性戀。
* The children were playing gaily in the park, unaware of the potential dangers around them. (孩子們在公園裡愉快地玩耍，沒意識到周圍潛在的危險。)
* Satisfactory (adj.) 令人滿意的、符合要求的
* 反義詞為 `unsatisfactory`。
* The result of the campus security inspection was anything but satisfactory, prompting the school to take urgent measures. (校園安全檢查的結果一點也不令人滿意，促使學校採取緊急措施。)
* Yusuf’s explanation of the complex grammar point was very satisfactory, helping Alana understand it completely. (主公對那個複雜語法點的解釋非常令人滿意，幫助 Alana 徹底理解了。)
* Campus (n.) 校園、校區
* 通常指大學或學校的整個地理區域。`on campus` 表「在校內」，`off campus` 表「在校外」，請注意介係詞是 `on`/`off`。
* Numerous surveillance cameras were installed across the campus to get the potential break-ins under control. (整個校園安裝了眾多監視錄影機，以控制潛在的闖入事件。)
* The university increased the number of guards to ensure that every student feels safe while walking on campus at night. (大學增加了警衛人數，以確保每位學生晚上在校內行走時感到安全。)
* Security (n.) 安全、保全、防護
* `security guard` 表「保全人員」；`national security` 表「國家安全」。
* Maintaining campus security is an indispensable responsibility that requires the cooperation of everyone involved. (維護校園安全是一項不可或缺的責任，需要所有相關人員的合作。)
* The criminal tried to bypass the security system to sneak shots of the pupils in the classroom. (罪犯試圖繞過保全系統，偷拍教室裡的小學生。)
* Range
* (v.) 範圍包括、變動
* 常用結構為 `range from A to B`，指在兩個界限之間變動或涵蓋。
* The topics discussed in the conference ranged from global epidemics to local environmental protection. (會議討論的主題範圍從全球流行病到地方環境保護。)
* The school provides various snacks ranging from traditional local food to international delicacies. (學校提供各種小吃，範圍從傳統地方食物到國際美食。)
* (n.) 範圍、幅度；一系列
* The age range is 6 to 12 years old. (年齡範圍是 6 到 12 歲。)
* Our company offers a wide range of smartphones with different functions and prices. (我們公司提供各種功能與價格各異的智慧型手機。)
* Break-in (n.) 闖入、非法入侵
* 由動詞片語 `break in` 轉化而成的複合名詞。
* The police are investigating a recent break-in at the laboratory where several high-quality devices were stolen. (警方正在調查近期實驗室的一起闖入案，那裡有幾台高品質設備被盜。)
* Installing a better lock system can effectively reduce the risk of a break-in regardless of the location. (不論地點在哪，安裝更好的鎖具系統都能有效降低闖入的風險。)
* Ill (adj.) 壞的、惡意的；生病的 (adv.) 惡劣地
* `speak ill of sb` 表「說...壞話」。
* The project failed mainly because it was ill-planned from the very beginning. (這項計畫失敗主要是因為從一開始就規劃不周。)
* I'm feeling slightly ill today. (我今天覺得有一點不舒服。)
* It is not wise to speak ill of others behind their backs, especially in a friendly environment. (在背後說人壞話是不明智的，特別是在友好的環境中。)
* Intruder (n.) 闖入者、入侵者
* 動詞形為 `intrude`。
* The security system was triggered when the intruder tried to break into the research facility. (當闖入者試圖潛入研究設施時，安全系統被觸發了。)
* Playground (n.) 操場；遊樂場
* 表「在操場」時，介係詞用 `in`/`on` 皆可，強調人在操場這個空間常用 `in`，強調在操場這片表面上活動則常用 `on`。
* Children love going to the playground after school. (孩子們放學後都喜歡去遊樂場玩。)
* The students are playing in the playground. (學生們正在操場玩耍。)
* Equipment (n.) 設備、器材
* 為**不可數名詞**，若要表示「一件設備」，須寫 `a piece of equipment`。
* `office equipment` 指「辦公設備」；`safety equipment` 指「安全裝備」。
* We need more camping equipment. (我們需要更多露營裝備。)
* The soldiers checked their equipment before leaving. (士兵們在出發前檢查裝備。)
* Slide
* (n.) 溜滑梯；投影片
* The children took turns going down the slide on the school playground. (孩子們輪流玩學校操場上的溜滑梯。)
* Please look at the next slide. (請看下一頁投影片。)
* (v.) 滑動、滑落
* 三態為 `slide` → `slid` → `slid`。`let sth slide` 指「不予追究」、「隨它去」、「順其自然」。
* Be careful! The floor is wet, and you might slide and hurt yourself. (小心！地板是濕的，你可能會滑倒並受傷。)
* You should not let the problem slide; instead, you need to tackle it immediately. (你不應該將問題擱置；相反地，你需要立即處理它。)
* I've been working so hard lately that I've let my exercise routine slide." (我最近工作太忙，疏於執行我的運動計畫。)
* Swing
* (n.) 鞦韆；擺動
* `mood swings` 表「情緒起伏」，形容情緒在短時間內快速、極端地轉換。`in full swing` 表「全面展開」、「如火如荼地進行」，形容某個活動、專案、派對或季節已經過了最初階段，正處於最活躍、最熱鬧或最忙碌的狀態。
* She sat on the swing and looked at the beautiful sunset, feeling very peaceful. (她坐在鞦韆上，看著美麗的日落，感到非常平靜。)
* He has violent mood swings that are hard to handle. (他的情緒起伏非常劇烈，很難應付。)
* Eating healthy can help minimize mood swings. (健康飲食能幫助減少情緒起伏。)
* The project is now in full swing, and we expect to see the results very soon. (計畫現在正在全力進行中，我們預計很快就能看到結果。)
* The party was in full swing by the time we arrived. (我們到的時候，派對正在最高潮。)
* (v.) 搖擺、揮動
* 三態為 `swing` → `swung` → `swung`。
* He swung the bat and missed. (他揮棒落空。)
* The angry intruder swung a rotted wooden bar at the security guard. (憤怒的闖入者向保全揮舞一根腐爛的木棍。)
* Rot (v.) 腐爛、墮落 (n.) 腐爛
* 常用於木頭或食物變質。三態為 `rot` → `rotted` → `rotted`。
* If the wooden bars are left unattended in the rain, they will eventually rot. (如果木條在雨中無人看管，它們最終會腐爛。)
* Too much sugar will cause your teeth to rot and lead to severe pain. (太多的糖會導致你的牙齒腐爛並引發劇痛。)
* The rot in the building's windows indicates a lack of proper maintenance. (建築物窗戶的腐爛顯示出缺乏適當的維護。)
* Bar (n.) 條、桿、棒；酒吧
* `behind bars` 表「在監獄裡」。
* I ate a bar of chocolate. (我吃了一條巧克力。)
* The criminal was put behind bars for breaking into the school. (罪犯因為闖入校園而被關進監獄。)
* After the heavy work, we went to a quiet bar to enjoy some drinks. (繁重的工作後，我們去了一家安靜的酒吧小酌。)
* Unstable (adj.) 不穩定的、易變的
* The economy remains unstable despite the government's efforts to get the inflation under control. (儘管政府努力控制通膨，經濟依然不穩定。)
* A person with an unstable mental status may react in a hostile way to any form of criticism. (心理狀態不穩定的人可能會對任何形式的批評做出敵對的反應。)
* Mental (adj.) 心理的、精神的；智力的
* `mental arithmetic` 指「心算」。
* Regular exercise is not only beneficial for physical health but also for your mental well-being. (規律運動不僅對身體健康有益，對心理健康也有幫助。)
* The student showed extraordinary mental strength when facing the failure of his project. (那名學生在面對計畫失敗時展現了非凡的心理韌性。)
* Status (n.) 地位、身分；情形、狀況
* She enjoys high status among her peers. (她在同儕中很有地位。)
* Luxury cars are often considered a status symbol. (豪華汽車常被視為一種地位的象徵。)
* You can check the status of your application on the official website of the university. (你可以在大學官方網站上查看你的申請狀態。)
* What is the status of the project? (專案進度如何？)
* Hostile (adj.) 敵對的、不友善的
* 形容人充滿敵意或環境非常惡劣。常見用法為 `be hostile to/towards sb/sth`。
* The candidate faced a hostile audience who kept asking difficult questions about his past. (候選人面對一群不斷對他的過去提出刁鑽問題的敵對聽眾。)
* We need to tackle the hostile climate in the classroom to prevent further bullying incidents. (我們需要處理教室裡的敵對氛圍，以防止進一步的霸凌事件。)
* She is very hostile to our suggestion. (她非常敵視我們的建議。)
* Climate (n.) 氣候；風氣、氛圍
* 除了指天氣，也可以指社會或環境的氛圍。`climate change` 指「氣候變遷」。
* Countries near the equator typically have warm climates (鄰近赤道的國家通常都有溫暖的氣候。)
* The political climate in the city became tense after the controversial law was passed. (在那項爭議性法律通過後，這座城市的政治氣氛變得緊張。)
* Member (n.) 成員、會員、分子
* `faculty member` 指「教職員」；`family member` 指「家庭成員」。
* Every member of the community has the responsibility to keep the playground clean and safe. (社群的每一位成員都有責任保持遊樂場的乾淨與安全。)
* Alana is considered an indispensable member of our research team for her professional skills. (Alana 因其專業技能被認為是我們研究團隊中不可或缺的一員。)
* Regularly (adv.) 規律地、定期地
* 形容詞為 `regular`。
* They meet regularly to discuss progress. (他們定期會面討論進展。)
* Install (v.) 安裝、設置
* 常用於安裝設備、軟體或任命官職。
* You need to install the latest security update on your smartphone to protect it from hackers. (你需要安裝手機的最新安全更新，以保護它免受駭客攻擊。)
* The new principal was installed last week to tackle the issue of bullying on campus. (新校長上週就職，以處理校園霸凌問題。)
* Light (v.) 點燃、照亮 (n.) 光線 (adj.) 輕的、明亮的
* 動詞三態為 `light` → `lit` → `lit`。
* It is essential to keep the corridors well lit at night so that criminals cannot possibly hide anywhere. (晚上必須保持走廊光線充足，以便罪犯無法躲藏在任何地方。)
* He lit a candle to create a romantic atmosphere in his room. (他點燃了蠟燭，在他的房間營造浪漫氛圍。)
* The rising sun provided enough light for the guards to see the intruder near the fence. (旭日提供了足夠的光線，讓警衛看見籬笆附近的闖入者。)
* This suitcase is very light. (這行李箱很輕。)
* Guard
* (n.) 警衛、看守
* `security guard` 指「保全」。
* The security guards increase the frequency of their patrol trips during the winter break. (保全人員在寒假期間增加了巡邏次數。)
* A prison guard escorted the inmate. (監獄看守護送犯人。)
* (v.) 守衛、保衛、防範
* `guard against N` 指「防範...」。
* Soldiers guard the main doors. (士兵把守主門。)
* We must guard against potential campus security problems by being watchful and alert. (我們必須透過保持警惕和警覺來防範潛在的校園安全問題。)
* You must guard against catching a cold. (你必須小心以防感冒。)
* Increase (v./n.) 增加、增強
* `on the increase` 表「在增加中」。
* The number of people wearing masks increased significantly during the outbreak of the epidemic. (在流行病爆發期間，戴口罩的人數顯著增加。)
* There has been a steady increase in the demand for professional surveillance equipment recently. (最近對專業監控設備的需求穩步增長。)
* Patrol
* (v.) 巡邏、偵察
* 後面可以直接接地點。
* The guards patrol the campus every two hours to ensure that no intruders are hiding on the playground. (警衛每兩小時巡邏校園一次，以確保沒有闖入者躲在操場上。)
* (n.) 巡邏、巡邏隊
* `patrol trip` 指一次完整的「巡邏任務」；`on patrol` 指「處於巡邏狀態」。
* The security team added more patrol trips at night to tackle the rising crime rate in the neighborhood. (保全團隊在晚上增加了更多巡邏班次，以應對附近上升的犯罪率。)
* Terrorists attacked soldiers on patrol. (恐怖分子襲擊巡邏中的士兵。)
* Anywhere (adv.) 任何地方、無論何處
* 常用於否定句或疑問句。
* Did you see my smartphone anywhere? I think I left it in the examination room. (你在哪裡看到我的手機了嗎？我想我把它留在診間了。)
* You can sit anywhere you like as long as the seat is not occupied. (只要座位沒人，你可以隨便坐。)
* Sensitive (adj.) 敏感的、易受影響的、善解人意的
* 常見用法為 `be sensitive to N`。
* People with sensitive skin should avoid using hand sanitizers that contain too much alcohol. (皮膚敏感的人應避免使用含有過多酒精的洗手液。)
* Teachers should be sensitive to the emotional changes in their students to prevent potential bullying. (老師應該對學生的情感變化保持敏銳，以防止潛在的霸凌。)
* The official was careful not to reveal any sensitive information regarding the campus security project. (該官員非常小心，不洩露任何關於校園安全計畫的敏感資訊。)
* He is so sensitive. He really understands my feelings. (他很細膩，真的很了解我的感受。)
* Friendly (adj.) 友好的、親切的
* 請注意，這個字是**形容詞**。`environmentally friendly` 指「對環境友善的」、「環保的」；`user-friendly` 指「設計人性化的」。
* We should strive to create a friendly environment where everyone feels respected and protected. (我們應努力營造一個每個人都感到受尊重且受保護的友好環境。)
* The newly opened restaurant is known for its friendly service and fantastic atmosphere. (那家新開的餐廳以其親切的服務和極佳的氛圍聞名。)
* Solar panels are an environmentally friendly source of energy. (太陽能板是一種環保的能源。)
* This app is very user-friendly. (這個應用程式很容易使用。)
* Watchful (adj.) 警惕的、警覺的
* `keep a watchful eye on N` 指「留意...」、「密切監視某人事物」。
* The security guard remained watchful throughout the night to ensure no criminal broke into the school. (保全整晚保持警覺，以確保沒有罪犯闖入學校。)
* To maintain campus security, every student should keep a watchful eye on any suspicious intruders. (為了維護校園安全，每位學生都應嚴密監視任何可疑的闖入者。)
* Necessary (adj.) 必要的、必不可少的；(n.) 必需品
* Regular maintenance of playground equipment is necessary to ensure the safety of students. (定期維護操場設備對於確保學生安全是必要的。)
* It is necessary that the surveillance system (should) be updated regularly to tackle the rising crime rate. (為了應對上升的犯罪率，監控系統有必要定期更新。)
* Supportive (adj.) 支持的、給予幫助的
* 常用結構為 `be supportive of N` (支持、贊同、鼓勵某人或某事)。動詞形為 `support`。
* She has a very supportive family. (她有一個非常支持她的家庭。)
* The government should be more supportive of small manufacturers during the economic crisis. (政府在經濟危機期間應該更多地支持小型製造商。)
* Being supportive of your classmates when they are in distress can build a much friendlier climate. (當同學處於痛苦中時給予支持，能營造出更友好的氛圍。)
* Emotion (n.) 情感、情緒
* `positive/negative emotions` 指「正面/負面情緒」。
* Managing your emotions in a hostile environment is a valuable skill for everyone. (在充滿敵意的環境中管理情緒對每個人來說都是一項寶貴的技能。)
* Reading the news of the school shooting filled her heart with complicated emotions. (讀到校園槍擊案的新聞讓她的內心充滿了複雜的情緒。)
* Don't be afraid to accept your negative emotions. (不要害怕接納你的負面情緒。)
* Lastly (adv.) 最後
* 用於引出最後一個論點或步驟。與 `finally` 意思相近，但在列舉多個項目時，`lastly` 聽起來更有組織感。
* He first explained the vocabulary. Then, he explained the phrases. Lastly, he taught me the grammar. (他先講解了詞彙，然後講解了片語，最後教了我文法。)
* Indispensable (adj.) 不可或缺的、必需的
* 反義詞為 `dispensable` (可有可無的)。常見用法為 `be indispensable to 人/物, be indispensable for 事物/活動`。
* Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our daily lives regardless of our occupation. (不論職業為何，手機已成為我們日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。)
* Air is indispensable to life. (空氣對生命來說是不可或缺的。)
* She is indispensable to our team. (她對我們團隊來說是不可或缺的。)
* A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. (好的字典對於學習外語是必不可少的。)
* Role (n.) 角色、職責、作用
* 指人或物在特定情境中的功能或身分。常見用法為 `play a/an ... role in` (在...中扮演...的角色)。`leading role` 指「主角」。
* The role of the police is to ensure that the law is obeyed. (警察的職責是確保法律被遵守。)
* Music has always played an important role in human civilization. (音樂在人類文明中一直扮演著重要的角色。)
* The government should play a more active role in getting the global epidemic under control. (政府應在控制全球流行病方面扮演更積極的角色。)
* Interweave (v.) 交織、織進、混雜
* 三態為 `interweave` → `interwove` → `interwoven`。指將不同的事物 (如思想、故事、風格、物質) 編織在一起，使其成為一個整體。
* The author successfully interwove historical facts and fictional stories in his latest novel. (作者在他最新的小說中成功地將歷史事實與虛構故事交織在一起。)
* Our lives have become deeply interwoven since we moved into this apartment together. (自從我們一起搬進這間公寓後，我們的生活已深度交織在一起了。)
* Safe
* (adj.) 安全的、無損的
* `be safe from N` 指「免於...的危險」；`safe and sound` 表「安然無恙」。
* A school should be a safe place where pupils can learn freely and gaily without fear. (學校應該是一個學生可以自由愉快學習而無所恐懼的安全場所。)
* The guards made sure that the bank was safe from any ill-intentioned intruders. (保安人員確保銀行免受任何心懷不軌的入侵者的侵害。)
* After the long patrol trip, the team returned home safe and sound. (經過長途巡邏後，團隊平安無事地回到了家。)
* (n.) 保險箱、保險櫃
* She kept her jewelry in a safe. (她把珠寶放在保險箱裡。)
* All confidential documents are locked in the safe. (所有機密文件都鎖在保險箱裡。)
作文百句 39 片語整理
## 片語
* Break into N 強行闖入、潛入
* 強調未經許可、通常帶有惡意地進入某個封閉空間。
* If someone tries to break into our apartment, the security system will be triggered immediately. (如果有人試圖闖入我們的公寓，保全系統會立即觸發。)
* In essence 本質上、基本上
* In essence, the new policy is a preventive measure to tackle the rising crime rate on campus. (本質上，新政策是控制校園犯罪率上升的一項預防措施。)
* Although the method seems complicated, it is, in essence, a simple way to increase security. (雖然這個方法看起來複雜，但本質上它是增加安全性的一種簡單方式。)
* Take care of N 照顧、負責處理
* 指對人、事、物提供必要的關注或解決方案，側重「行動上的照顧或處理」。`care about` 則側重「情感上的在乎或重視」。
* You don't need to worry about the cleaning. I will take care of everything. (你不需要擔心清理的工作，我會處理好一切。)
* You cares about my feelings, which makes me feel very happy. (你很在乎我的感受，我覺得非常開心。)
* Be in need of N 需要...、急需...
* Those with weak immune systems are in need of extra protection during the global epidemic. (那些免疫系統較弱的人在全球流行病期間急需額外的保護。)
* The rotted bars on the windows indicate that the building is in need of regular maintenance. (窗戶上腐爛的鐵條顯示這棟建築急需定期維護。)
* Far from Adj/N/V-ing 遠遠不及、一點也不
* 用來表達強烈的否定語氣，表示事實與預期完全相反。
* The current situation is far from ideal. (目前的狀況一點也不理想。)
* The result of the experiment was far from a success. (實驗結果遠非成功。)
* Far from helping me, he actually made the situation even worse. (他不僅沒幫我，反而讓情況變得更糟。)
* From time to time 有時、不時地
* 意思等同於 `occasionally`、`sometimes`。
* From time to time, the school conducts surveillance checks to ensure the playground is safe. (學校不時會進行監控檢查，以確保遊樂場是安全的。)
* I still wonder from time to time if reports of that school shooting were actually true. (我仍不時會納悶那場校園槍擊案的報導是否真的是真的。)
* Range from A to B 範圍包括從 A 到 B
* The colors range from light blue to dark blue. (顏色從淺藍色到深藍色都有。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 列舉更多項
若要使用 `range from` 列舉大於兩項時，可以用 `range from A to B to C to D` 或 `range from A, B, C, to D` (如原文) 這種寫法，或者改成用 `including` 或 `such as` 進行列舉。
原文第三段就是將列舉的項目分成「外部」(三項)、「內部」(兩項) 兩類，兩組之間用 `to` 隔開，表示從「外患」到「內憂」的範圍皆有。
{% endhint %}
* Ought to VR 應當、應該
* 比 `should` 更正式，表達一種道德義務或強烈建議。否定形為 `ought not to VR`。
* We ought not to ignore the emotions and mental status of our classmates. (我們不應當忽略同學的情緒與心理狀態。)
* Yusuf ought to get some rest after organizing so many notes in a row. (在連續整理了五十個單字後，Yusuf 應當休息一下了。)
* Be sensitive to N 對...敏銳、對...敏感
* 指能夠迅速察覺細微的變化，或容易受到某種事物的影響。
* Parents should be sensitive to their children's behavior and potential bullying problems. (父母應對孩子的行為及潛在的霸凌問題保持敏銳。)
* The cat is extraordinarily sensitive to any loud noise in the environment. (這隻貓對環境中的任何大聲響都非比尋常地敏感。)
* Play a/an ... role in N 在...中扮演...的角色、起...作用
* 用於描述某人或某物在特定過程、事件中發揮的功能與影響。
* Sleep plays an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system. (睡眠在維持健康的免疫系統方面扮演重要角色。)
* She played a key role in the project's success. (她在項目的成功中起到了關鍵作用。)
* Keep sb informed of sth 隨時告知某人某事
* 指持續提供最新的資訊，不讓對方與現況脫節。
* Parents should always keep teachers informed of any changes in their children's mental status. (父母應隨時將孩子心理狀態的任何變化告知老師。)
* The official promised to keep the public informed of the progress of the epidemic control. (官員承諾會隨時向大眾告知流行病控制的進展。)
* With ... interwoven 隨著...交織在一起
* 這是一個 [`with + O + OC`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-22-wen-fa-zheng-li) 的結構。
* With our fingers interwoven, I feel a deep connection between us. (隨著我們的手指交織在一起，我感受到我們之間深厚的連結。)
* The story becomes more interesting with historical facts and fiction interwoven. (隨著歷史事實與虛構故事交織在一起，這個故事變得更有趣了。)
作文百句 39 文法整理
## 文法
* 分詞構句
* 當主句與從句的動作有明顯的先後關係，或從句是用來解釋主句的原因時，可以使用 `having + p.p.` 的結構來強調「已經發生過的事實」。
* 其他有關分詞構句的介紹詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-6-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* Having finished the difficult task, Alana could finally take a short break. (完成這場艱難的任務後，Alana 終於可以稍作休息了。)
* Having been sensitive to the surroundings, Sally successfully prevented a tragedy from happening. (由於對周圍環境十分敏感，Sally 成功地阻止了一場悲劇的發生。)
* `Too Adj/Adv (for sb) to VR` (對某人而言) 太…而不能…
* 本身即帶有否定含義，**無需再加**** ****`not`**，但當替換成 `so ... that ...` 句型時，`not` 不可省略。
* The criminal was too panicked to find a place to hide. = The criminal was so panicked that he could **not** find a place to hide. (罪犯太過恐慌而找不到地方躲藏。)
* The rotted bars were too weak to provide any protection. = The rotted bars were so weak that they could **not** provide any protection. (腐爛的鐵條太過脆弱而無法提供任何保護。)
* She speaks too fast for me to understand. = She speaks so fast that I can **not** understand her. (她說話太快，我聽不懂。)
* This book is too difficult for me to read. = This book is so difficult that I can **not** read it. (這本書對我來說太難讀了。)
* `Have + O + p.p.` (被動受詞補語)
* 當某物與動作之間是**被動關係**時，受詞補語須使用 `p.p.`。`make` 也有類似用法，詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-8-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* Every month, the principal has all the surveillance cameras updated to ensure campus security. (每個月，校長都會讓所有的監視錄影機進行更新以確保校園安全。)
* Alana had her smartphone repaired because the screen was cracked. (Alana 把她的手機拿去維修，因為螢幕已經壞掉且裂開了。)
* `If any` 如果有...的話、即使有...的話
* 常放在名詞後或用逗號與主句隔開，用來加強語氣、表示可能性極低，或表示雖然有但數量很少。
* He has few, if any, friends. (他幾乎沒有什麼朋友，即使有也極少。)
* Read the report and underline the errors, if any. (讀這份報告並標出錯誤，如果有錯誤的話。)
* Please let me know how many are coming, if any. (請告訴我會有多少人來，如果有人的話。)
* Any changes, if any, will be announced. (任何變更 (如果有的話) 將會被公佈。)
### 複合形容詞
當我們使用連字號 (hyphen, -) 將兩個或多個單字連接在一起，並置於名詞前面，修飾一個名詞時，就形成了複合形容詞。以下將分開介紹不同詞彙類型組合而成的複合形容詞。
{% hint style="success" %}
這個領域非常複雜且混亂，有些用法甚至已被淘汰，或演變成新的單字，所以我也沒辦法講清楚😅。個人建議多看多學，不建議死背規則。另外，寫作時**請勿濫用複合形容詞**。
{% endhint %}
{% hint style="danger" %}
#### `-ly` 的複合形容詞不用加連字號
若第一個副詞的結尾為 `-ly`，則形成複合形容詞時，中間不用加連字號。
* A **highly-intelligent** student. → A **highly intelligent** student. (一名高智商的學生。)
* A **densely-populated** city. → A **densely populated** city. (一個人口稠密的城市。)
* An **extremely-difficult** task. → An **extremely difficult** task. (極度困難的任務。)
* An **environmentally friendly** product. → An **environmentally friendly** product. (一款環保產品。)
{% endhint %}
#### `數量 + N`
當數字與時間、長度、重量、貨幣或其他單位結合時，**名詞的部分須用單數**。
這裡提供一些範例。
* The headline was about a **ten-year-old** boy who survived. (標題是關於一名倖存的十歲男孩。) → 請注意，`old` 也要連起來。
* The MRT station is only a **five-minute** walk from here. (捷運站離這裡只需步行五分鐘。)
* The guards finished a **two-hour** patrol trip. (警衛們完成了兩小時的巡邏。)
* I found a **five-dollar** bill in my worn-out jeans. (我在磨損的牛仔褲裡發現了一張五美金的鈔票。)
{% hint style="info" %}
若這些詞不是當作一個整體放在名詞前修飾，而是作為普通的「數量 + 名詞」使用，就必須恢復**複數**，且**不加連字號**。
* The patrol trip lasted for **two hours**. (巡邏持續了兩小時。)
* The boy is **ten years old**. (這男孩十歲了。)
* I have **five dollars** in my pocket. (我口袋裡有五美金。)
{% endhint %}
{% hint style="warning" %}
#### 請注意連字號的位置
連字號的位置表示哪些字被「編織」成一個形容詞概念。
* Twenty five-dollar bills：20 張「五美金」鈔票 (總共 100 元)。
* Twenty-five dollar bills：25 張「一美金」鈔票 (總共 25 元)。
{% endhint %}
#### `Adj/Adv/N +`` `**`N-ed`**
這類詞常用來描述人事物 (主體，被修飾的名詞) 的外貌、內在性格或具備的特性。本文的 `ill-intentioned` 就屬於這一類。請特別注意，**後面的名詞須加**** ****`ed`**。
這裡提供一些範例：`kind-hearted` (好心的), `open-minded` (心胸開闊的), `long-legged` (長腿的), `cold-blooded` (冷血的), `one-eyed` (獨眼的), `middle-aged` (中年的), `short-tempered` (易怒的), `absent-minded` (心不在焉的), `old-fashioned` (老式的、過時的), `right-handed`/`left-handed` (右/左撇子)；`heart-shaped` (愛心形狀的), `coffee-flavored` (咖啡口味的)。
* Yusuf is a **kind-hearted** person. (Yusuf 是一位好心人士。)
* We should be **open-minded** to different cultures. (我們應對不同文化保持開闊的心胸。)
* Alana is a **long-legged** girl. (Alana 的腿很長。)
* The **cold-blooded** criminal killed a lot of innocent people. (那名冷血的罪犯殺害了很多無辜的人。)
* He is a typical **middle-aged** man with a family. (他是一個有家庭的典型中年男子。)
* The school still uses **old-fashioned** bars to protect the windows. (學校仍使用老式的鐵條來保護窗戶。)
* She bought a **heart-shaped** cushion for her bedroom. (她買了一個心形抱枕。)
* This is a **coffee-flavored** cheesecake. (這是一塊咖啡味的乳酪蛋糕。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 比較
* I need a **four-wheel** drive vehicle for this mountain road. (這條山路我需要一輛四輪驅動車。) → 就是表示「4 個輪子」，相當於 `數字 + 單位`，所以 `wheel` 不用加 `ed`。
* A **four-wheeled** patrol vehicle moved across the city. (一輛四輪巡邏車駛過城市。) → 強調「有 4 個輪子」這個特徵，所以 `wheel` 要加 `ed`。
{% endhint %}
#### `Adj +`` `**`N`**
這類詞通常是用來描述一個系統、規格或範圍。請特別注意，**名詞後面不須加**** ****`ed`**，**且須用單數**。
這裡提供一些範例：`long-distance` (長距離的), `last-minute` (最後一刻的), `full-time` (全職的), `high-speed` (高速的), `large-scale`/`small-scale` (大/小規模的), `low-fat` (低脂的), `top-floor` (頂樓的), `high-rise` (高層的), `long-term`/`short-term` (長/短期的), `common-sense` (常識性的), `real-life` (現實生活中的)。
* We should avoid making **last-minute** decisions. (我們應避免在最後一刻才做出決定。)
* The **high-speed** Internet connection allows teachers to report unusual cases instantly. (高速網路連線讓老師能立即報告異常情況。)
* I prefer **low-fat** milk. (我喜歡低脂牛奶。)
* The criminal tried to hide in a **top-floor** classroom but was eventually caught. (罪犯試圖躲在頂樓教室，但最終被抓獲。)
* The implementation of a **long-term** security plan is indispensable. (一項長期安全計畫的實施是不可或缺的。)
* It is **common-sense** advice to keep the campus well lit. (保持校園光線充足是常識性的建議。)
* We need to tackle **real-life** security problems instead of just discussing theories. (我們需要處理現實中的安全問題，而不僅僅是討論理論。)
#### `N + Adj`
這類詞通常用來描述「對...如何的」、「像...一樣...的」，前面的名詞是用來「限制」、「定義」後面的形容詞範圍。**名詞的部分須用單數**。
這裡提供一些範例：`user-friendly` (人性化的), `sugar-free` (無糖的), `accident-prone` (易發生意外的), `fire-resistant`/`water-resistant` (防火/水的), `color-blind` (色盲的), `care-free` (無憂無慮的), `tax-free` (免稅的), `duty-free` (免關稅的), `stress-free` (無壓力的), `eco-friendly` (環保的)；`ice-cold` (冰冷的), `rock-hard` (堅如磐石的), `sky-blue` (天藍色的)。
* The new system is very **user-friendly**. (新系統非常人性化。)
* Alana prefers **sugar-free** beverages. (Alana 更喜歡無糖飲料。)
* Unattended playgrounds are **accident-prone** areas. (無人看管的遊樂場容易發生事故。)
* This **water-resistant** watch can be worn while swimming in the pool. (這款抗水手錶可以在泳池游泳時佩戴。)
* Many travelers enjoy shopping for **tax-free** luxury goods at the airport. (許多旅客喜歡在機場購買免稅的奢侈品。)
* Using **eco-friendly** products is a great way to protect our planet. (使用環保產品是保護我們地球的好方法。)
* After the long workout, an **ice-cold** beer is all I need. (長途運動後，我需要的只是一杯冰冷的啤酒。)
* She wore a **sky-blue** dress that matched the color of the clear afternoon sky. (她穿著一件天藍色的洋裝，與清澈的午後天空顏色相配。)
#### `N + V-ing/p.p.`
**名詞的部分須用單數**。用 `V-ing` 表「主動」或「持續」的狀態；用 `p.p.` 表「被動」。**須透過「被修飾的名詞」與「複合形容詞中的動詞」的主被動關係來決定該使用**** ****`V-ing`**** ****還是**** ****`p.p.`**。判斷時，可將複合形容詞還原成正常的句子，以觀察主被動關係。
這裡提供一些範例：`time-consuming` (耗時的), `record-breaking` (打破紀錄的), `heart-breaking` (令人心碎的), `English-speaking` (說英語的), `mouth-watering` (令人垂涎的), `labor-saving` (節省勞力的), `man-eating` (食人的)；`hand-made` (手工製作的), `sun-dried` (曬乾的), `wind-swept` (被風吹拂的), `snow-covered` (被雪覆蓋的), `computer-generated` (電腦產生的), `battery-operated` (電池驅動的), `man-made` (人造的)。
* Writing notes is a **time-consuming** task. (寫筆記是一項耗時的任務。) → `task consumes time`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* The epidemic reached a **record-breaking** high. (疫情達到了打破紀錄的高點。) → `high (高點) breaks the record`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* The news of the school shooting was **heart-breaking**. (校園槍擊案的新聞令人心碎。) → `news breaks the heart`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* Alana prepared a **hand-made** gift for her mom. (Alana 為她的媽媽準備了手工禮物。) → `gift is made by hand`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* The window frames were made of **sun-dried** wood. (窗框是由曬乾的木頭製成的。) → `wood is dried by sun`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* The **wind-swept** playground looked very lonely at night. (被風吹拂的操場在晚上看起來很寂寞。) → `playground is swept by wind`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
#### `Adj/Adv + V-ing/p.p.`
和上一點的判斷邏輯基本相同，**須透過「被修飾的名詞」與「複合形容詞中的動詞」的主被動關係來決定該使用**** ****`V-ing`**** ****還是**** ****`p.p.`**。
這裡提供一些範例：`good-looking` (好看的), `quick-thinking` (反應敏捷的), `long-lasting` (持久的), `never-ending` (永無止境的), `fast-acting` (見效快的), `far-reaching` (影響深遠的), `good-smelling`；`ready-made` (現成的), `new-found` (新發現的), `well-known` (知名的), `well-lit` (光線充足的), `well-behaved` (表現良好的), `high-priced` (高價的), `low-paid` (低薪的), `deep-seated` (根深蒂固的)。
* He is a very **good-looking** person. (他長相非常英俊。) → `person looks ...`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* **Quick-thinking** teachers can prevent bullying. (反應敏捷的教師可以預防校園霸凌。) → `teachers thinks ...`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* The impact of the incident was **long-lasting**. (事件的影響是深遠的。) → `impact lasts ...`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* Writing a dictionary is a **never-ending** task. (編寫辭典是一項永無休止的工作。) → `task ends ...`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* This **fast-acting** sanitizer can eliminate viruses within seconds. (這款見效快的消毒劑能在幾秒內消除病毒。) → `sanitizer acts ...`，為主動，用 `V-ing`。
* You can buy **ready-made** meals in the supermarket if you are too tired to cook. (如果你太累不想煮飯，可以在超市買現成餐點。) → `meals are made ...`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* He shared his **new-found** knowledge of campus security with his pupils. (他與學生分享了他新發現的校園安全知識。) → `knowledge is found ...`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* This is a **well-lit** campus. (這是個光線充足的校園) → `campus is lit ...`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* He is a **well-known** teacher in this city. (他是這座城市著名的老師。) → `teacher is known ...`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
* Many **low-paid** workers struggle to buy **high-priced** electronic devices. (許多低薪勞工掙扎於購買高價的電子設備。) → `workers are paid ...`, `devices are priced ...`，為被動，用 `p.p.`。
#### `V/p.p. + Adv/Prep`
這類詞通常是從**動詞片語**演變而來的，部分也可以直接當成名詞使用。**若該片語相對於被修飾的名詞為被動或已完成的狀態，則動詞採用**** ****`p.p.`**** ****形式**。
這裡提供一些範例：`break-in` (闖入的), `take-out` (外帶的), `see-through` (透明的、透光性的), `stand-by` (備用的、後備的)；`built-in` (內建的), `worn-out` (磨損的), `run-down` (荒廢的、破舊的), `left-over` (剩餘的), `fixed-up` (修理好的、打理好的), `broken-down` (故障的、崩潰的)。
* A **break-in** attempt was reported. (據報，有人試圖闖入。)
* Let's order some **take-out** food for dinner. (咱們叫些外送當晚餐吧。)
* The school keeps a **stand-by** generator in case the lights go out at night. (學校備有一台備用發電機，以防晚上燈光熄滅。)
* The entrance uses **see-through** glass so that the guards can observe any intruders. (入口處使用透明玻璃，以便警衛觀察是否有闖入者。)
* The laptop has a **built-in** camera. (這款筆記型電腦內建相機。)
* The **worn-out** playground equipment needs replacing. (破舊的遊樂場設施需要更換。)
* The school decided to renovate the **run-down** gymnasium to improve campus security. (學校決定翻新這間破舊的體育館，以改善校園安全。)
* We can use the **left-over** budget to install more surveillance cameras. (我們可以用剩餘的預算來安裝更多監視器。)
* The **broken-down** elevator caused a lot of trouble for the elderly faculty members. (故障的電梯給年長的教職員帶來了許多麻煩。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `N + N`
這個組合很少見，很多字已經捨棄連字號，演變成全新的單字。
* The school hired two **part-time** guards. (學校聘請了兩名兼職保安。)
{% endhint %}
作文百句 39 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文首段從列舉負面新聞標題 (`deadly school shooting`, `sneak shots`) 出發，透過 `haunt` 一詞精準描述心理上的長久恐懼，營造出社會集體的焦慮感，並銜接至家長與學生的焦慮現狀。第二段，作者將學校應具備的理想功能 (教育、避難所、天堂) 與現實情況進行對比，為後續提出的解決方案鋪墊了道德上的必要性。
第三段，作者將安全隱患從硬體設施一路延伸至心理層面，層次分明。在解決方案的部分 (第四、五段)，作者精確地將責任歸屬到「學校、教師、學生、家長」四個維度。文章結尾，作者用 `with all these roles interwoven`，將零散的責任個體結合在一起，編織成一張嚴密的防護網。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Deter (v.) 嚇阻、使斷念
* 常見用法為 `deter sb from N/V-ing` (阻止某人做某事), `deter N` (阻止...)。名詞形為 `deterrent` (嚇阻物、威懾力量)，為**可數名詞**。
* Visible surveillance cameras can effectively deter potential criminals. (顯眼的監視器能有效嚇阻潛在的罪犯。)
* High fines effectively deter people from speeding in school zones. (高額罰金有效嚇阻人們在校園區域超速。)
* The existence of a zero-tolerance policy serves as a powerful deterrent against bullying. (零容忍政策的存在對霸凌具有強大的嚇阻作用。)
* Jeopardize (v.) 危害、使受困境
* 比 `endanger` 更正式，常用於描述抽象事物 (如計畫、安全、名聲、健康) 受到威脅。常見搭配為 `jeopardize one's safety/career/reputation/future`。
* Any failure in equipment checks could jeopardize the safety of the pupils. (設備檢查的任何失敗都可能危害學生的安全。)
* I don't want to jeopardize our stable relationship by being too absent-minded. (我不想因為太心不在焉而危害我們穩定的關係。)
* The scandal jeopardized the principal's entire professional career. (這起醜聞危害了校長的整個職業生涯。)
* Precautionary measures (n. phr.) 預防措施
* 指為了防止潛在危險發生而提前採取的行動。常見用法為 `take/implement/adopt precautionary measures`。
* The school has implemented strict precautionary measures to ensure the safety of all students. (學校已實施嚴格的預防措施以確保所有學生的安全。)
* Installing a smoke detector is a vital precautionary measure for every household. (安裝煙霧偵測器對每個家庭來說都是一項至關重要的預防措施。)
* Zero-tolerance policy (n. phr.) 零容忍政策
* 指對於某種不當行為絕對不予姑息的嚴厲規則。請注意，`zero-tolerance` 中間有連字號。
* Most schools adopt a zero-tolerance policy toward bullying and any form of physical violence. (大多數學校對霸凌及任何形式的肢體暴力採取零容忍政策。)
* Our company has a zero-tolerance policy toward sexual harassment. (我們公司對性騷擾採取零容忍政策。)
* Emergency protocol (n. phr.) 緊急應變協定
* 指發生災難或意外時，必須遵循的標準化操作流程。常見用法為 `follow/establish/activate emergency protocols`。
* If the alarm sounds, all staff members must follow the emergency protocol immediately. (如果警報響起，所有工作人員必須立即遵循緊急應變協定。)
* The hospital has different emergency protocols for fire and chemical leaks. (醫院針對火災和化學外洩有不同的緊急應變協定。)
* Security loophole (n. phr.) 保全漏洞
* 指安全系統中存在的缺陷或可以被利用的空隙。常見用法為 `find/exploit (利用)/plug (堵住)/close a loophole`。
* The hackers exploited a security loophole in the software to steal user data. (駭客利用軟體中的保全漏洞來竊取用戶數據。)
* The government is trying to close legal loopholes that allow tax evasion. (政府正試圖堵住允許逃稅的法律漏洞。)
* Psychological resilience (n. phr.) 心理韌性
* 指在面對創傷或壓力後恢復心理健康的調節能力，為**不可數名詞**。常見用法為 `build/strengthen/develop psychological resilience`。
* Facing challenges with a positive attitude can help you build psychological resilience. (以積極的態度面對挑戰可以幫助你建立心理韌性。)
* The program aims to strengthen the psychological resilience of children in war zones. (該計畫旨在增強戰爭地區兒童的心理韌性。)
* At risk 處於危險之中
* 後面常接 `of N/V-ing` (面臨...的風險)。`put/place N at risk (+ of N/V-ing)` 指「使...陷於 (...的) 險境」。
* The future of the company is at risk. (這家公司的未來岌岌可危。)
* Students with unstable mental status might be at risk of being bullied. (心理狀態不穩定的學生可能面臨被霸凌的風險。)
* A lack of funding puts the project at serious risk. (缺乏資金使該專案處於嚴重的危險之中。)
* Smoking puts you at risk of developing lung cancer. (吸菸使你面臨罹患肺癌的風險。)
* Be vulnerable to N 易受...傷害、影響
* The system is vulnerable to cyber attacks. (該系統易受到網路攻擊。)
* She felt vulnerable to criticism. (她覺得自己很容易受到批評的傷害。)
* While feeding, the deer are vulnerable to predators. (麋鹿在覓食時，很容易受到掠食者攻擊。)
* In the interest of N 為了...的利益、為了...起見
* 常用於公告或說明採取某種行政手段的正當理由。
* In the interest of campus security, all visitors must register their IDs at the gate. (為了校園安全起見，所有訪客必須在門口登記身分證。)
* The meeting was kept short in the interest of time and efficiency. (為了時間與效率起見，會議保持簡短。)
* The decision was made in the best interests of the company. (這項決定是為了公司最大利益而做的。)
* In the interest of justice, the trial was moved. (為了司法公正，審判被移地舉行。)
* The key to V-ing/N lies in N ...的關鍵在於...
* The key to maintaining campus security lies in the seamless cooperation among teachers, parents, and students. (維護校園安全的關鍵在於老師、家長與學生之間的無縫合作。)
* The key to a successful essay lies in the logical interweaving of different arguments. (一篇成功作文的關鍵在於不同論點的邏輯交織。)
* The key to Jason's happiness lies in having his girlfriend by his side every day. (Jason 幸福的秘訣在於每天都有女友陪伴在身邊。)
* Under no circumstances should/can/will + S + VR 在任何情況下，絕不應該...
* Under no circumstances should a school be considered a hostile environment for learning. (學校在任何情況下都不應被視為不利於學習的環境。)
* Under no circumstances will Tom forget how much Lucy loves him. (在任何情況下，Tom 都不會忘記 Lucy 有多麼愛他。)
* Under no circumstances can you cheat on an exam. (考試中絕對不允許作弊。)
## 寫作建議
撰寫關於「社會安全」的文章時，可以參考以下建議：
* 討論問題的「硬體面」與「軟體面」，能讓文章的邏輯更全面。
* 運用 `It is Adj that S (should) VR` 的「虛擬語氣」表達改善的必要性。
* 結尾處，可以學習文中 `interwoven` 的概念，描述各方努力交織後的結果，讓文章從「條列建議」轉變為一個「整體的願景」。
## 40.
1. One evening, James was at the basketball court **working on his shooting skills** in preparation for a big game the next day. **Despite his best efforts**, his performance was horrible. Disappointed **in** himself, James decided to **call it a night** and went home to get some rest. The next day, he arrived at the gym **where** his teammates and **opponents** were already warming up for the **three-on-three** game.
2. They took their places on the court, and the game began. The teams were **evenly matched** and by the end of the second half, the score **was tied**. James' teammate passed him the ball. He **glanced** up **at** the game clock and saw that there was only one second remaining. Standing behind the **three-point line**, James doubted if he would **make the basket**, but he knew he had to try. He **took the shot** and watched as the ball **sailed through the air**.
3. Surprisingly, it **swished cleanly through the hoop**, and **the crowd erupted into cheers**. At that moment, the **buzzer** **went off**. James **sleepily** opened his eyes and realized that the sound wasn't a **buzzer** at all; it was just his alarm clock. It had all been a dream.
作文百句 40 單字整理
## 單字
* Court
* (n.) 球場
* 表「球場」時，通常是指體育球場 (如籃球、網球、羽球)，常用 `on the court` (在球場上)
* The basketball court was so crowded that we had to wait for an hour to play. (籃球場人滿為患，我們不得不等了一小時才能上場。)
* (n.) 法庭；宮廷
* 表「法庭」時，常用 `in court` (出庭、審判中)、`in the court` (在法院中)。
* The case was settled out of court to avoid a long and expensive trial. (這宗案件在庭外和解，以避免漫長且昂貴的審判。)
* The witness was in court today. (證人今天出庭了。)
* She was standing in the court waiting for her case to be called. (她站在法庭內等待她的案件被傳喚。)
* (v.) 追求、求愛；招致 (危險、災難)
* He spent two years courting the woman who eventually became his wife. (他花了兩年時間追求那個最終成為他妻子的女人。)
* Running across the busy highway is courting disaster. (橫穿繁忙的高速公路是在招致災難。)
* Skill (n.) 技巧、技能
* 常見用法有 `skill in/at N/V-ing` (在...的技能)、`the skill to VR` (做...的技能)。
* Effective communication skills are essential for building a successful career. (有效的溝通技巧對於建立成功的職業生涯至關重要。)
* He has a skill at telling stories. (他很會講故事。)
* She has the skill to solve this problem. (她有解決這問題的技術。)
* Horrible (adj.) 糟糕的、極差的；可怕的
* The smell coming from the kitchen was absolutely horrible. (從廚房傳來的味道簡直糟糕透頂。)
* I had a horrible day. (我今天過得很糟。)
* The accident was a horrible sight. (那場事故真是可怕的景象。)
* Disappointed (adj.) (人) 感到失望的
* 常見用法為 `be disappointed with sth / in sb` (對某事/某人失望)。`disappointing` 表「(事物) 令人失望的」。
* I was deeply disappointed with the quality of the service at that five-star hotel. (我對那家五星級飯店的服務品質感到非常失望。)
* Her parents were disappointed in her for lying about her grades. (她的父母因為她謊報成績而對她感到失望。)
* Don't be disappointed in yourself; you've done your best. (別對自己感到失望；你已經盡力了。)
* Rest
* (v./n.) 休息
* 常見用法為 `take/get a rest`、`rest assured (+ that 子句)` (放心)。
* The doctor advised him to rest his injured leg for at least a week. (醫生建議他受傷的腿至少要休息一週。)
* After hiking for three hours, we decided to take a short rest under the tree. (健行三小時後，我們決定在樹下休息一下。)
* You can rest assured that Alana will always take care of your health. (你可以放心，Alana 一定會照顧好你的健康。)
* (n.) 剩餘的部分
* 常見用法為 `the rest of N`。接單數名詞時，動詞用單數；接複數名詞時，動詞用複數。
* You can eat some of the cookies, but please leave the rest for your brother. (你可以吃一些餅乾，但請把剩下的留給你弟弟。)
* The rest of the people are waiting outside. (其他人都在外面等。)
* Arrive (v.) 到達、抵達
* 常用搭配有 `arrive in + 大地方`、`arrive at + 小地方`，詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-11-pian-yu-zheng-li)。`arrive at a decision/conclusion` 指「達成決定/結論」。
* The train is expected to arrive in Taipei in ten minutes. (火車預計在十分鐘後抵達台北。)
* We arrived at the airport early to avoid any last-minute stress. (我們提早到達機場，以避免最後一刻的壓力。)
* After hours of discussion, the committee finally arrived at a decision. (經過數小時的討論，委員會終於達成了決定。)
* Gym (n.) 體育館、健身房
* 全名為 `gymnasium`。
* The students gathered in the school gym for the opening ceremony. (學生們聚集在學校體育館參加開學典禮。)
* Our gym membership includes access to the swimming pool and sauna. (我們的健身房會員資格包括可以使用游泳池和三溫暖。)
* Teammate (n.) 隊友
* Trusting your teammates is the most important part of winning a sports game. (信任隊友是贏得運動比賽最重要的因素。)
* She is a reliable teammate who always completes her work on time. (她是一位可靠的隊友，總是準時完成工作。)
* Opponent (n.) 對手、競爭者；反對者
* 指在比賽、爭論或戰鬥中處於對立面的人。
* In the upcoming election, he will face a very strong opponent. (在即將到來的選舉中，他將面臨一位非常強大的對手。)
* He knocked out his opponent in the fourth round. (拳擊手在第四回合擊倒了對手。)
* She is one of the strongest opponents of tax reform. (她是稅收改革最堅定的反對者之一。)
* Warm
* (adj.) 溫暖的；熱情的
* A warm cup of coffee is the best companion on a snowy winter morning. (在下雪的冬日清晨，一杯溫暖的咖啡是最好的陪伴。)
* They gave us a warm welcome. (他們給我們熱烈的歡迎。)
* (v.) (使) 溫暖、熱身
* 常用 `warm up` 表熱身、機器預熱、加熱，或在表演前炒熱氣氛。
* You should warm the milk slightly before giving it to the baby. (在把牛奶給嬰兒喝之前，你應該稍微將它加熱。)
* You should always warm up before exercising. (你運動前都應該熱身。)
* I warmed up some rice for dinner. (我熱了些飯當晚餐。)
* He was warming the audience up with jokes. (他用笑話炒熱觀眾席的氣氛。)
* Three-on-three (adj./n.) 三對三的 (比賽)
* They decided to organize a three-on-three basketball tournament in the local park. (他們決定在當地公園組織一場三對三籃球錦標賽。)
* Playing three-on-three requires more individual skills and better stamina. (打三對三比賽需要更多的個人技巧和更好的體力。)
* Evenly (adv.) 均勻地、平等地；勢均力敵地
* 形容詞為 `even`。
* Make sure the butter is spread evenly over the entire surface of the toast. (確保奶油均勻地塗抹在整片吐司表面。)
* The prize money was divided evenly among the four winners. (獎金被平均分配給四位獲勝者。)
* Match
* (n.) 比賽；搭配；火柴
* 指「比賽」時，常用於球賽。
* Did you watch the football match last night? (你昨晚看足球賽了嗎？)
* Joe and Emily are a great match! (Joe 和 Emily 真是天生一對！)
* Do you have a match? (你有火柴嗎？)
* (v.) 搭配、符合；匹敵、比得上
* 常見用法為 `A matches B` (相配、相符合)、`match A with B` (將 A 與 B 配對)。
* Alana's accessories matched her outfit perfectly. (Alana 的配件跟服飾完美搭在一起。)
* You need to match the questions with the correct answers. (你需要把問題跟正確答案配對。)
* No one can match his speed. (無人能及他的速度。)
* Tie
* (n.) 平手、不分勝負；領帶
* By the end of the second half, the score was a tie, leading to an overtime period. (下半場結束時，比分是平手，導致進入加時賽。)
* James wore a silk tie to the formal dinner to look more professional. (詹姆斯在正式晚宴上繫了一條絲綢領帶，看起來更專業。)
* (v.) 平手、不分勝負；繫、綁
* `tie the knot` 是「結婚」的口語用法。
* The two candidates are currently tied in the latest opinion polls. (兩位候選人在最新的民意調查中目前持平。)
* He struggled to tie his shoelaces because his fingers were numb from the cold. (他費力地繫鞋帶，因為他的手指凍僵了。)
* After dating for five years, they finally decided to tie the knot. (交往五年後，他們終於決定結婚了。)
* Pass (v./n.) 傳球
* 後面常接 `to sb` 表傳球的對象。
* He passed the ball to his teammate. (他把球傳給隊友。)
* The quarterback made a perfect pass to the receiver for a touchdown. (四分衛完成了一次完美的傳球給接球員，成功達陣。)
* Clock
* (n.) 時鐘、計時器
* `against the clock` 指「分秒必爭」；`around the clock` 指「全天候、晝夜不停」。
* The doctors are racing against the clock to save the patient's life. (醫生們正分秒必爭地挽救病人的生命。)
* The factory workers are working around the clock to meet the high demand. (工廠工人們正晝夜不停地工作以滿足高需求。)
* (v.) 打卡上下班
* `clock in` 表「打卡上班」；`clock out/off` 表「打卡下班」。
* He always clocks in exactly at 8 AM. (他總是準時在早上 8 點打卡上班。)
* After I clock off, let's get dinner together! (我下班以後，一起去吃晚餐吧！)
* Second
* (n.) 秒
* You only have ten seconds left to solve this math question. (你只剩下十秒鐘的時間來回答這道數學題了。)
* (adj.) 第二的
* `second to none` 指「首屈一指、不亞於任何人」。`without a second thought` 表「不假思索」、「毫不猶豫」、「沒多想」，與 `without hesitation` 意思相近。
* This is my second time visiting Taipei. (這是我的第二次造訪台北。)
* Her performance in the competition was second to none. (她在比賽中的表現是首屈一指的。)
* She would spend $100 on a dress without a second thought. (她會毫不猶豫地花 100 美元買一條裙子。)
* (adv.) 第二地、其次
* She finished second in the race. (她在比
* 賽中獲得第二名。)
* First, we check the quality. Second, we check the quantity. (首先，我們檢查品質。其次，我們檢查數量。)
* (v.) (會議中、投票) 附議、贊同
* 常見用法為 `second + 某提案/某人`，或用被動式表示。
* I would like to second the proposal. (我想附議這項提案。)
* The motion was seconded by Mr. Smith. (該提案由史密斯先生附議。)
* Basket (n.) 籃筐、籃子
* `make a basket` 指「投籃得分」；**`put all one's eggs in one basket`** 指「孤注一擲」、「將希望寄託在單一事物上」。
* We spent the afternoon picking apples and filling our baskets in the orchard. (我們下午在果園裡摘蘋果，把籃子都裝滿了。)
* In investment, it is wise not to put all your eggs in one basket. (在投資中，不把雞蛋放在同一個籃子裡是明智的。)
* Sail
* (v.) 航行；輕快地移動、飛過
* `sail across N` 表「航越...」、「穿過...」；`be smooth sailing` 表「一帆風順」、「事情進展順利」。
* We sailed from England to New Zealand. (我們從英國航行到紐西蘭。)
* The ball went sailing over the fence. (球輕快地飛過了圍欄。)
* The boat sailed across the bay at sunset. (船在日落時分駛過海灣。)
* After the initial technical problems were fixed, the rest of the project was smooth sailing. (在最初的技術問題修復後，專案剩下的部分便一帆風順了。)
* (n.) 帆；一次航行
* `set sail` 表「啟航」。
* The luxury liner is scheduled to set sail for the Caribbean tomorrow morning. (這艘豪華郵輪預定於明天早晨啟航前往加勒比海。)
* It’s a two-day sail to the nearest island. (到最近的島嶼需要兩天航程。)
* Surprisingly (adv.) 出人意料地、驚人地
* The test was surprisingly easy compared with the previous ones. (與之前的測試相比，這次測試出人意料地簡單。)
* Swish
* (v.) (移動時) 發出嗖嗖聲；(籃球) 空心入網
* 描述物體快速劃過空氣或液體的聲音。
* I could hear the long grass swishing against my boots as I walked through the field. (當我走過田野時，可以聽到長草摩擦我的靴子發出嗖嗖聲。)
* The curtain swished open, revealing the breathtaking view of the city at night. (窗簾嗖的一聲拉開，展現出驚人的城市夜景。)
* (n.) 沙沙聲、咻咻聲；快速揮動、擺動
* The whip made a sharp swish in the air. (鞭子在空中發出尖銳的咻咻聲。)
* With a swish of the curtains, the stage was revealed. (幕布唰的一聲拉開，舞台便呈現在眼前。)
* Cleanly (adv.) 俐落地、乾淨地、整齊地
* 形容詞為 `clean`。
* The knife sliced cleanly through the tomato without crushing it. (刀子俐落地切開番茄而沒有擠壓到它。)
* The politician answered all the difficult questions cleanly and honestly. (那位政治家乾淨俐落且誠實地回答了所有困難的問題。)
* He managed to jump over the high fence cleanly on his first attempt. (他第一次嘗試就成功俐落地跳過了高柵欄。)
* Hoop (n.) 箍、環；(籃球) 籃筐
* `jump through hoops` 指「排除萬難」、「費盡千辛萬苦以達成某事」。
* The little boy was playing with a **hula hoop** in the backyard. (那個小男孩正在後院玩呼拉圈。)
* The gymnast moved through the sequence of hoops with incredible grace. (體操運動員以驚人的優雅姿態穿過一系列圓環。)
* To get the scholarship, she had to jump through many hoops and pass several interviews. (為了得到獎學金，她必須排除萬難並通過好幾次面試。)
* Crowd
* (n.) 人群、群眾
* 指一群聚集的人，通常視為一個整體，後面接單數動詞。`a crowd of N` 指「一群」，後面接**可數名詞**。
* The crowd erupted into cheers the moment the concert began. (音樂會開始的那一刻，人群爆發出歡呼聲。)
* With his unique fashion sense, he always **stands out from the crowd**. (憑藉其獨特的時尚感，他總能從人群中脫穎而出。)
* (v.) 擠滿、使塞滿
* 常見用法為 `be crowded with N`、`crowd into N` (擠進...)、`crowd out N` (擠出...；排擠...)。
* Thousands of fans crowded the airport to welcome the singer. (數千名粉絲擠滿了機場來迎接歌手。)
* Commuters often have to crowd into the small subway cars during rush hour. (通勤者在尖峰時段經常得擠進狹小的地鐵車廂。)
* Large supermarkets often crowd out small local grocery stores. (大型超市經常排擠掉當地的小型雜貨店。)
* Erupt (v.) 爆發、噴出
* 可指火山噴發、突發事件 (戰爭、衝突) 爆發、情緒或聲音 (如歡呼、掌聲) 突然爆發。
* The active volcano could erupt at any moment, causing a large-scale evacuation. (這座活火山隨時可能噴發，導致大規模疏散。)
* Violence erupted in the city on Friday night. (週五晚上城裡爆發了暴力事件。)
* The crowd erupted into applause when the singer appeared. (歌手出現時，人群爆發出掌聲。)
* Cheer
* 形容詞為 `cheerful`；副詞形為 `cheerfully`。
* (v.) 歡呼、激勵、喝采
* 常見用法為 `cheer sb up` (使...振奮)、`cheer for sb` (為...喝采)。
* The crowd began to cheer as soon as the home team entered the stadium. (主場球隊一進入體育場，群眾就開始歡呼。)
* We bought some flowers to cheer her up after she failed her driving test. (在她駕照考試沒過後，我們買了些花讓她振奮起來。)
* (n.) 歡呼、激勵、喝采
* `a cheer` 指一聲歡呼；複數 `cheers` 強調群眾的歡呼聲。
* A loud cheer went up from the audience when the magic trick was revealed. (當魔術揭曉時，觀眾席發出了一聲巨大的歡呼。)
* The team was greeted with a huge cheer. (球隊受到熱烈的歡迎。)
* Sleepily (adv.) 睏倦地、想睡地
* 形容詞為 `sleepy`。
* The toddler rubbed his eyes sleepily while listening to his mother's bedtime story. (小男孩一邊聽著媽媽的床邊故事，一邊睡眼惺忪地揉著眼睛。)
* She answered the door sleepily, still wearing her thick pajamas. (她睡眼惺忪地去開門，身上還穿著厚厚的睡衣。)
* Sound
* (n.) 聲音
* The sound of the waves crashing against the rocks was very relaxing. (海浪拍打岩石的聲音讓人非常放鬆。)
* (v.) 聽起來；使發出聲音、鳴響
* Your plan sounds interesting, but we need to consider the potential costs. (你的計畫聽起來很有趣，但我們需要考慮潛在的成本。)
* He sounded the car's horn. (他按了汽車喇叭。)
* (adj.) 健康的、健全的；完好的；明智的；熟睡的
* `safe and sound` 表「安然無恙」；**`a sound mind in a sound body`** (健全的心靈寓於健全的身體)，常用於強調運動、健康飲食對心理健康、智力發展或教育的重要性。常作為教育格言、體育標語或健康倡導詞。
* Our company is built on sound financial principles and long-term goals. (我們公司建立在穩健的財務原則和長期目標之上。)
* The building is still sound after the earthquake. (地震後這棟建築物依然完好。)
* The lawyer presented a sound argument. (律師提出了有力的論點。)
* That's a sound piece of advice. (那是一個明智的建議。)
* After the long flight, he finally fell into a sound sleep. (長途飛行後，他終於進入了沉睡。)
* I start my day with a run, believing in a sound mind in a sound body. (我以跑步開啟新的一天，相信健全的精神寓於健康的身體。)
* Buzzer (n.) 蜂鳴器、信號鈴
* 主要指發出蜂鳴聲的電子訊號裝置、門鈴或警報器。常見搭配為 `press/hit the buzzer` (按蜂鳴器、按門鈴)、`sound the buzzer` (響鈴)。表「鈴響」時，常搭配動詞 `sound` 或片語 `go off`。
* I pressed the buzzer to his house and waited. (我按了他家的門鈴，然後等著。)
* The security guard will sound the buzzer if he sees any suspicious behavior. (如果保安看到任何可疑行為，他會按警報器。)
* The buzzer sounds when the switch is activated. (開關啟動時，蜂鳴器會響。)
* Alarm
* (n.) 鬧鐘、警報；驚恐
* 常見用法為 `set an alarm for + 時間` (設鬧鐘)、`raise the alarm` (發出警報)。
* I set an alarm for 6:00 AM every morning so I won't be late for work. (我每天早上設 6 點的鬧鐘，這樣上班才不會遲到。)
* The neighbors raised the alarm when they saw smoke coming out of the house. (當鄰居們看到房子冒出煙霧時，立刻發出了警報。)
* She was filled with alarm when she realized her little sister was missing. (當她意識到妹妹失蹤時，心中充滿了驚恐。)
* (v.) 使驚恐
* `be alarmed at/by N` (對...感到驚恐)。
* Please don't be alarmed by the loud noise; it's just the construction workers. (請不要被那巨大的噪音嚇到，那只是建築工人在施工。)
作文百句 40 片語整理
## 片語
* Work on sth 從事...、致力於...；改善...
* The artist is currently working on a new sculpture for the upcoming exhibition in Paris. (藝術家目前正在為即將到來的巴黎展覽製作一個新雕塑。)
* If you want to improve your grades, you need to work on your writing skills every day. (如果你想提高成績，你需要每天加強你的寫作技巧。)
* In preparation for sth 為了...做準備
* The soldiers underwent rigorous physical training in preparation for the dangerous mission. (士兵們為了這項危險任務接受了嚴格的體能訓練。)
* She is studying late every night in preparation for the final presentation next Monday. (她每天晚上都讀到很晚，為了下週一的期末簡報做準備。)
* Despite N 儘管...
* 與 `in spite of N` 意思相同。若要接完整子句，須用 `despite (the fact) that S + V` 的形式。
* He passed the exam despite his illness. (儘管生病，他還是通過了考試。)
* Despite being tired, Alana finished the report. (儘管很累，Alana 還是完成了報告。)
* Despite (the fact) that it was raining, we went out. (儘管下著雨，我們還是出去了。)
* Disappointed in sb/sth 對...感到失望
* `disappointed in` 通常接人或人的行為；`disappointed with` 則多接具體事物或結果。
* The manager was disappointed in the team's lack of motivation lately. (經理對團隊最近缺乏動力感到失望。)
* She was disappointed with her exam grades. (她對自己的考試成績感到失望。)
* Call it a night 結束這晚、回去休息
* 指決定結束當晚的活動 (通常是工作、讀書或派對) 並去睡覺。若是白天則說 `call it a day`。
* After studying for six hours, Alana decided to call it a night and went home to get some rest. (讀了六小時書後，Alana 決定結束這晚回家休息。)
* The party was great, but it was getting late, so we decided to call it a night. (派對很棒，但時間晚了，所以我們決定結束這晚回去休息。)
* Warm up 熱身、預熱
* You should spend at least ten minutes warming up before you start running. (在開始跑步前，你應該花至少十分鐘熱身。)
* The oven needs about five minutes to warm up before you put the cake in. (在把蛋糕放進去之前，烤箱需要大約五分鐘預熱。)
* Take one's place 就位、入座、取得地位
* 指在特定場合中到達指定的位置，或在社會、團隊中取得應有的位置。
* The musicians took their places on the stage and the concert finally began. (音樂家們在舞台上就位，音樂會終於開始了。)
* After years of hard work, she finally took her place among the top designers in the world. (經過多年的努力，她終於在世界頂尖設計師之林中取得了一席之地。)
* By the end of sth 在...結束之前、到...結束時
* I need to finish this report by the end of the day. (我需要在今天結束前完成這份報告。)
* By the end of the year, we will have completed the entire construction project. (到今年年底，我們將完成整個建築專案。)
* By the end of the movie, everyone was crying. (電影結束時，大家都哭了。)
* Make a/the basket 投籃得分、進球
* 與 `score` 同義，但更具體描述籃球進入籃框的動作。
* James felt a surge of confidence after he made the first basket of the game. (在投進比賽的第一球後，James 感到信心大增。)
* The team's strategy was simple: get the ball to the center and let him make the basket. (球隊的策略很簡單：把球傳給中鋒，讓他投籃得分。)
* Take a/the shot
* 投籃、嘗試射門
* 在運動中 (如籃球、足球、曲棍球)，指出手或射門的行為，但不一定保證得分。
* In the final seconds of the game, James decided to take the shot from the three-point line. (在比賽最後幾秒，James 決定從三分線投籃。)
* He took a difficult shot during the soccer match, but the ball hit the crossbar. (他在足球比賽中進行了一次困難的射門，但球撞到了橫樑。)
* (按下快門) 拍照
* The nature photographer waited patiently for hours just to take a perfect shot of the eagle. (那位自然攝影師耐心等待了數小時，只為了拍下一張老鷹的完美照片。)
* 瞄準射擊
* The soldier took a shot at the target. (士兵對準目標開了一槍。)
* 接種疫苗
* I need to take a shot for the flu. (我需要去打流感疫苗。)
* 喝一小杯烈酒
* 此為口語用法。
* I'll take a shot of whiskey. (我點一杯威士忌。)
* 嘗試、抓住機會
* 常見搭配為 `take a shot at N/V-ing`。
* Even if the challenge seems impossible, you should take the shot and see what happens. (即使挑戰看起來不可能，你也應該嘗試看看，看看會發生什麼事。)
* I'm not sure if I can fix this broken computer, but I'll take a shot at it anyway. (我不確定能不能修好這台壞掉的電腦，但無論如何我會試試看。)
* Erupt into N 爆發成...；突然陷入... (某種狀態)
* 指本來平靜的局面、情緒或情況，突然轉化為暴力的、激烈的或混亂的狀態。通常用於描寫衝突、騷亂或情緒的瞬間激化。
* The whole stadium erupted into cheers when the home team made the final goal. (當主場球隊踢進最後一球時，整個體育場爆發出歡呼聲。)
* The peaceful protest suddenly erupted into violence as the police arrived. (當警察抵達時，和平抗議突然演變成了暴力衝突。)
* Go off
* 響起、發出聲響
* The fire alarm went off in the middle of the night, causing everyone to run outside. (火警在半夜響起，導致每個人都往外跑。)
* My alarm didn't go off this morning. (我鬧鐘今早沒響。)
* (食物) 變質
* If you leave the milk out in the sun, it will go off quickly. (如果你把牛奶留在太陽下，它很快就會變質。)
* 爆炸、槍枝走火
* The bomb went off at midday. (炸彈在中午爆炸。)
* The gun went off by accident. (槍走火了。)
* (燈光) 熄滅、(設備) 停止運作
* Suddenly the lights went off. (燈突然熄滅了。)
* The heating goes off at night. (暖氣夜間停止供熱。)
* She went off to get a drink. (她去拿飲料了。)
* 匆匆離開、去往某處
* 特別是指為了做某事而離開當前場所。常見搭配為 `go off (to a place) (to do sth)`。
* She went off to get a drink. (她拿飲料去了。)
* He went off to the library to study. (他離開去圖書館讀書。)
* (活動) 進展、進行
* The protest march went off peacefully. (抗議遊行和平進行。)
* Not ... at all 一點也不、完全不
* 用於加強否定語氣。
* The movie wasn't interesting at all, so we decided to leave before it ended. (這部電影一點也不有趣，所以我們決定在結束前離開。)
* This does not make sense at all. (這完全說不通。)
* That's not a problem at all. (那根本不是問題。)
作文百句 40 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文採用標準的記敘文結構，並巧妙運用了夢境作為轉折，讓故事在最高潮時戛然而止，令讀者留下深刻印象。
* 第一段：介紹主角 James 與目前的困境。儘管他努力練習，表現卻不如預期。這為後面的「夢境補償」埋下了伏筆。
* 第二段：描述關鍵的比賽過程。透過「勢均力敵」與「倒數計時」來營造緊張感。
* 第三段：球賽進球後的歡呼聲與現實的鬧鐘聲重疊，揭露這一切只是夢境，將讀者從激昂的情緒帶回平靜的現實。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Team spirit 團隊精神
* 通常視為**不可數名詞**。
* In a three-on-three game, team spirit is just as important as individual shooting skills. (在三對三比賽中，團隊精神與個人投籃技巧一樣重要。)
* The teacher emphasized that team spirit is the key to winning the relay race. (老師強調團隊精神是贏得大隊接力的關鍵。)
* Against all odds 克服萬難、儘管困難重重、力排眾議
* 通常指在勝算極低、非常不被看好的情況下取得成功。
* Against all odds, the team managed to win the championship in the final minute. (儘管困難重重，這支球隊還是在最後一分鐘贏得了冠軍。)
* He succeeded against all odds, proving everyone wrong. (他克服萬難取得成功，證明了所有人都錯了。)
* **A blessing in disguise** 塞翁失馬，焉知非福
* 指起初看起來像是災難或倒霉的事，最終卻帶來了好的結果。
* Losing the game was a blessing in disguise, as it taught Paul the importance of teamwork. (輸掉比賽是塞翁失馬，因為這教會了 Paul 團隊合作的重要性。)
* Getting rejected by the first team turned out to be a blessing in disguise for his career. (被第一支球隊拒絕結果反而對他的職業生涯來說是件好事。)
#### 與運動相關的詞彙
這些字可能還有別的意思，此處僅專注於和運動相關的部分。如果有喜歡的運動，可以多學習與它相關的專業術語，這能讓你的文章更專業。
* Dribble (v.) 運球、盤球
* 指在籃球或足球中，透過拍球或踢球連續移動。
* In basketball, you must learn how to dribble the ball without looking down at your hands. (在籃球中，你必須學會如何在不低頭看手的情況下運球。)
* The soccer player dribbled past three defenders and finally scored a goal. (那名足球員盤球過掉三名防守球員，最終射門得分。)
* Rebound (n./v.) 籃板球、搶籃板
* 指籃球中，球投丟後從籃框彈回時將其抓下的動作。
* The center is responsible for grabbing as many rebounds as possible during the game. (中鋒負責在比賽中抓下盡可能多的籃板球。)
* Jimmy jumped high to rebound the ball after his teammate's shot missed. (在隊友投籃沒進後，Jimmy 跳得很高去搶籃板球。)
* Goal (n.) 射門得分、球門
* 用於足球、曲棍球等有球門的運動。
* He celebrated wildly after kicking the winning goal in the final minute. (他在最後一分鐘踢進致勝的一球後瘋狂慶祝。)
* Serve (v./n.) 發球
* 常用於網球、羽球、排球。
* A powerful serve can often force the opponent to make a mistake. (強而有力的發球往往能迫使對手犯錯。)
* It's your turn to serve the ball to the other side of the net. (輪到你把球發到網子的另一邊了。)
* Spike / Smash (v./n.) 扣殺、殺球
* 排球常用 `spike`；網球或羽球常用 `smash`。
* The volleyball player made a thunderous spike that the other team couldn't return. (排球運動員完成了一次雷霆萬鈞的扣殺，對方球隊無法回擊。)
* She spike the ball with incredible force. (她以不可思議的力量扣球。)
* She practiced her smash for hours to ensure it was fast and accurate. (她練習殺球數小時，以確保其快速且精準。)
* The tennis player smashed the ball into the corner. (網球選手將球猛力擊向角落。)
* Pitch (v./n.) 投球
* 指棒球中投手 (`pitcher`) 將球投向捕手 (`catcher`) 的動作。`batter` 表「打者」。
* The pitcher threw a curveball that completely fooled the batter. (投手投出了一顆完全騙過打者的曲球。)
* That was a perfect pitch, right in the strike zone. (那是個完美的投球，就在好球帶內。)
* Home run (n.) 全壘打
* Sam hit a spectacular home run that brought his teammates back to the home plate. (Sam 擊出了一支壯觀的全壘打，帶領隊友們回到本壘。)
* Strikeout (n.) 三振
* 指打者三好球出局。
* The crowd erupted into cheers when the pitcher achieved his tenth strikeout of the game. (當投手達成這場比賽的第十次三振時，人群爆發出歡呼聲。)
* Tournament (n.) 錦標賽、聯賽
* 指一系列為了爭奪冠軍而舉行的比賽，通常包含預賽與決賽。
* Teams from all over the country gathered to participate in the annual basketball tournament. (來自全國各地的球隊聚集在一起參加一年一度的籃球錦標賽。)
* Winning a national tournament requires not only talent but also incredible perseverance. (贏得全國錦標賽不僅需要天賦，還需要驚人的毅力。)
* Championship (n.) 冠軍地位
* 指冠軍的「頭銜」。`champion` 才是指「冠軍」。
* Tommy has been training relentlessly in hopes of winning the championship this year. (Tommy 一直在不懈地訓練，希望今年能贏得冠軍。)
* The entire city erupted into cheers when their local team secured the championship. (當當地球隊奪得冠軍時，整個城市爆發出歡呼聲。)
* MVP (n.) 最有價值球員
* 全稱為 `Most Valuable Player`。指在一場比賽或一個賽季中表現最傑出的球員。
* After making the final shot, James was rightfully named the MVP of the game. (投進最後一球後，James 理所當然地被選為這場比賽的最有價值球員。)
* Being the MVP comes with great responsibility and expectations from the teammates. (作為最有價值球員，肩負著巨大的責任和隊友的期望。)
* Underdog (n.) 不被看好的一方、弱勢者
* 指在比賽或競爭中，勝算看起來較低的一方。
* Surprisingly, the underdogs managed to beat the defending champions in the second half. (出人意料地，不被看好的一方在下半場成功擊敗了衛冕冠軍。)
* Everyone loves a story where the underdog eventually achieves a great victory. (每個人都喜歡一個不被看好的人最終取得巨大勝利的故事。)
* Substitute (n.) 替補球員
* The coach decided to bring in a substitute to give the exhausted players a rest. (教練決定換上替補球員，好讓精疲力竭的球員們休息一下。)
## 寫作建議
書寫與「比賽」相關的文章時，可以參考以下建議。
* 營造緊張感：不要讓主角贏得太輕鬆。可以利用時間限制或比分差距，抓住讀者的注意力。
* 加入內心想法：在關鍵時刻，可以適當描寫主角的自我懷疑，讓他更像一個真實的人，增加讀者的代入感。
* 善用狀聲詞與動態動詞：如本文的 `sail through the air`, `swished` 都很有畫面感。這種寫法能讓文章更生動。
* 雖然「這是一場夢」是很方便的收尾方式，但要小心使用。
* 優點：可以跳脫邏輯限制，描寫完美的成功。
* 缺點：如果前面鋪陳不夠，讀者會有「被騙了」的感覺。建議像原文一樣，在夢醒後加入主角的心理反應，讓夢境對現實產生意義。
## 41.
1. Dear Yuni-Clothes **Customer** Services, I am writing to express my **dissatisfaction with** your online store. Last week, I ordered two T-shirts, a pair of gloves, and a wool hat from the store. This was not the first time I had used your online service, and **on** every **previous occasion**, the items I ordered **had been delivered** on time and without any problems. This time, however, there were a number of **issues**.
2. One of the T-shirts was the wrong size, **while** the other was the wrong color. One of the gloves was **badly torn**, and the hat was not delivered at all! I am very disappointed by this, especially **given** how good your service has been up until now. I would like to **exchange** the clothing items I received **for** the correct styles. I would also **appreciate** a **full** or at least **partial refund** on my original order to **make up for** the mistake and the **delay**. Please contact me **at** 0941-676-222 for **further details**. \
**Yours sincerely,**\
Paul Adams
作文百句 41 單字整理
## 單字
* Dissatisfaction (n.) 不滿、不平
* `dissatisfaction with sb/sth` 指對某人/事感到不滿。反義詞為 `satisfaction`。
* The lack of transparency led to widespread dissatisfaction among the employees. (缺乏透明度導致員工之間普遍不滿。)
* They expressed strong dissatisfaction with the new policy. (他們對新政策表達了強烈不滿。)
* Order
* (v.) 訂購；命令
* I would like to order a large pepperoni pizza for delivery. (我想訂一個大份的臘腸比薩外送。)
* The general ordered the soldiers to retreat immediately. (將軍命令士兵立即撤退。)
* (n.) 訂單；命令
* The company received a massive order for its new smartphones. (公司收到了其新款智慧型手機的大量訂單。)
* You must follow the orders of your superior officers. (你必須服從上級長官的命令。)
* (n.) 順序、排列
* 常用 `in + Adj + order` 表「按...順序」，如 `in alphabetical order` (按字母順序), `in numerical order` (按數字順序、依序)。
* Please arrange these files in chronological order. (請將這些檔案按時間順序排列。)
* (n.) 秩序、狀態
* 常用片語 `out of order` (故障)、`law and order` (法律與秩序)。
* The elevator is out of order, so we have to take the stairs. (電梯故障了，所以我們得爬樓梯。)
* The police are responsible for maintaining public order. (警察負責維持公共秩序。)
* T-shirt (n.) T 恤
* 為**可數名詞**。`T-shirt` 是無領、無扣的休閒圓領短袖衫；`shirt` 通常指有領、有鈕扣的正式或商務襯衫。
* On weekends, I usually wear a simple white T-shirt and jeans. (週末時，我通常穿一件簡單的白色 T 恤和牛仔褲。)
* Pair
* (n.) 一雙、一對、一副
* 常見用法為 `a pair of N`。
* This pair of scissors is very sharp, so please be careful. (這把剪刀非常鋒利，所以請小心。)
* The newly married couple are really a happy pair. (這對新婚夫婦真是快樂的一對。)
* James needs a new pair of running shoes for the upcoming marathon. (James 為了即將到來的馬拉松需要一雙新的跑鞋。)
* (v.) 配對、與…搭配
* 常見用法為 `pair N with N` (將...與...配對、搭配)、`pair up (with sb)` ((與...) 組成搭檔)。
* You can pair this wine with seafood. (你可以用這款酒搭配海鮮。)
* Pair the red socks with black shoes. (把紅襪子和黑鞋子配成一對。)
* We need to pair up to finish this task. (我們需要組成搭檔來完成這個任務。)
* Glove (n.) 手套
* 為**可數名詞**。因為手套通常成對使用，所以常以複數形 `gloves` 出現。若只指其中一隻，則用 `a glove`。
* Don't forget to wear your gloves before going out into the snow. (在走進雪地前，別忘了戴上手套。)
* I lost one glove on the bus, and now the other one is useless. (我在公車上弄丟了一隻手套，現在另一隻也沒用了。)
* Wool (n.) 羊毛
* 作為材質時為**不可數名詞**。
* This sweater is made of pure wool, so it's very warm but expensive. (這件毛衣是由純羊毛製成的，所以很暖和但很貴。)
* She bought two wool hats—one for herself and one for her sister. (她買了兩頂羊毛帽，一頂給她自己，一頂給她妹妹。)
* Previous (adj.) 先前的、之前的
* 指在時間、順序或位置上發生在當前之前的。
* I cannot attend the meeting because I have a previous engagement at that time. (我無法參加會議，因為我那時已經有先約了。)
* In the previous chapter, the author introduced the main characters of the story. (在上一章中，作者介紹了故事的主角們。)
* Occasion (n.) 場合、時刻、時機
* 指特定的時間或事件。表「在...的場合」的介係詞為 **`on`**。
* 形容詞為 `occasional` (偶爾的)；副詞形為 `occasionally` (偶爾)。
* Graduation is a momentous occasion that you will remember for the rest of your life. (畢業是一個重大的場合，你會餘生難忘。)
* This meeting provides an occasion to discuss the issues. (這場會議提供了一個討論問題的時機。)
* I only wear a tie on special occasions. (我只在特殊場合才打領帶。)
* Item (n.) 項目、品項、一件物品
* 用於指稱清單上的一項，或是一組物品中的單個個體。`an item of clothing` 指一件衣服；`a news item` 指一則新聞。
* There are several items on the shopping list that we still need to find. (購物清單上還有幾項我們需要找的物品。)
* Each item in the museum is carefully labeled with its historical background. (博物館裡的每一件物品都貼有詳細的歷史背景標籤。)
* She bought three items of clothing yesterday. (她昨天買了三件衣服。)
* Deliver
* (v.) 遞送
* The online store promised to deliver the goods within three working days. (這家網購商店承諾在三個工作日內送達商品。)
* We deliver fresh pizzas as quickly as possible. (我們儘快外送熱騰騰的披薩。)
* (v.) 履行 (承諾)、實現 (目標)
* 職場中常用，指完成棘手任務或說到做到。`deliver on a promise` 指「履行諾言 」、`deliver the goods` 指「說到做到」、「達到預期要求」。
* I am certain that he will deliver on his promise. (我確信他會履行諾言。)
* It's a tough assignment, but he can deliver the goods. (這項任務很棘手，但他能做到。)
* (v.) 發表 (演說)
* The CEO will deliver a speech at the conference. (執行長將在會議上發表演講。)
* (v.) 生下孩子、接生
* She delivered her third child at home. (她在自家生了第三個孩子。)
* The doctor delivered the baby. (醫生替這嬰兒接生。)
* Badly
* (adv.) 拙劣地；嚴重地
* 用來修飾動作做得不好，或是情況損害嚴重。
* He plays the violin so badly that the neighbors complained about the noise. (他小提琴拉得太爛了，以至於鄰居們投訴噪音。)
* The old bridge was badly damaged by the earthquake and is now closed to traffic. (這座舊橋因地震嚴重受損，目前已封閉交通。)
* (adv.) 非常
* 常見用法為 `want/need sth badly`。
* After the long hike, I badly needed a cold drink and a place to rest. (長途健行後，我非常需要一杯冷飲和一個休息的地方。)
* Torn (adj.) 撕裂的、破爛的
* 為動詞 `tear` 的過去分詞。常用於形容衣物或紙張受損。
* One of the gloves I received was badly torn, making it impossible to wear. (我收到的一隻手套嚴重撕裂，導致無法穿戴。)
* The torn pages of the old book were carefully repaired by the librarian. (那本舊書撕破的頁面被圖書管理員仔細地修復了。)
* Exchange (v./n.) 交換、換貨
* 常見用法為 `exchange A for B`、[`in exchange for N`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-1-pian-yu-zheng-li)。
* The students exchanged ideas during the group discussion. (學生們在小組討論中交換了想法。)
* Sammy and Leo exchanged business cards with each other. (Sammy 和 Leo 互相交換了名片)。
* I’d like to exchange this for a smaller size. (我想把這個換成較小的尺寸。)
* I got a free ticket in exchange for my help. (我因幫忙而得到一張免費票。)
* Clothing (n.) 衣物、服裝
* 這是一個集合名詞，泛指所有的衣服，為**不可數名詞**。如果想表達「一件衣服」，可以寫 `an item of clothing` 或 `a piece of clothing`。
* You should pack some warm clothing if you are traveling to the mountains. (如果你要去山區旅行，應該帶些保暖的衣物。)
* She is wearing a beautiful piece of clothing. (她穿著一件漂亮的衣服。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 相關詞彙
* Clothes (n.) 衣服
* **恆為複數**，且要**搭配複數動詞**。
* She spent all her money on new clothes. (她把所有的錢都花在買新衣服上了。)
* I'm going to wash my clothes today. (我今天要洗我的衣服。)
* These clothes are too small for me. (這些衣服對我來說太小了。)
* Cloth
* (n.) 布、布料、織物
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* Her dress is made from beautiful cloth. (她的連衣裙是用漂亮的布製成的。)
* Cloth is sold by the yard. (這布是按碼出售的。)
* (n.) 一塊抹布
* 為**可數名詞**。
* He's using a red cloth to clean the mirror. (他正用一塊紅色的布在擦拭鏡子。)
* Wipe the table with a damp cloth. (用濕布擦桌子。)
{% endhint %}
* Appreciate
* (v.) 感激
* 後面必須接 `N`，但**不能直接接人**。
* I really appreciate your help. (我很感謝你的幫忙。)
* We do appreciate your business. (感謝您的惠顧。)
* I would greatly appreciate it if you could send the replacement items as soon as possible. (如果您能儘快寄送更換的品項，我將不勝感激。)
* (v.) 欣賞；理解、體認
* We went to appreciate the art exhibition. (我們去欣賞藝術展。)
* To truly appreciate this painting, you need to understand the historical context behind it. (要真正欣賞這幅畫，你需要了解其背後的歷史背景。)
* I appreciate the difficulty of the situation. (我理解這個情況的困難。)
* (v.) 增值、升值
* 通常用於金融、房地產或資產領域。後方可接 `by + 幅度`。
* Most property in this area has appreciated significantly over the past five years. (這個地區的大部分房產在過去五年中都大幅增值了。)
* The value of our house has appreciated by 50 percent in the last two years. (我們房子的價值在過去兩年內增值了 50%。)
* Refund (n./v.) 退款、退費
* `partial/full refund` 指「部分/全額退款」。
* If the product is defective, customers are entitled to a refund within thirty days. (如果產品有瑕疵，顧客有權在三十天內要求退款。)
* The price of the ticket will be refunded. (票款將會被退回。)
* We will refund you if the product is defective. (如果產品有缺陷，我們會退款給你。)
* Partial
* (adj.) 部分的、局部的
* The company offered a partial solution to the problem, which didn't satisfy everyone. (公司對該問題提供了部分的解決方案，但並未讓所有人滿意。)
* He gave only a partial explanation for his absence from the meeting. (他僅對自己未出席會議做出部分解釋。)
* (adj.) 偏袒的、偏愛的
* 常見用法為 `be partial to sb/sth`。
* Don't be too partial to your own child. (別太護著自己的孩子。)
* His partial attitude called forth a lot of criticism. (他的偏袒態度招致了不少批評。)
* He is very partial to sweets. (他非常偏愛甜食。)
* Original
* (adj.) 最初的、原來的；原創的
* Please keep the original receipt in case you need to return the product later. (請保留原始收據，以防日後需要退貨。)
* We decided to stick with our original design despite the new suggestions. (儘管有新的建議，我們仍決定堅持最初的設計。)
* The movie's plot is very original; I've never seen anything like it before. (這部電影的情節非常有創意，我以前從未看過類似的東西。)
* (n.) 原件、原作、原型
* The original was lost in a fire. (原作在火災中遺失了。)
* This is just a copy. I left the original at home. (這只是複本。我把原檔留在家裡。)
* Mistake
* (n.) 錯誤
* 常見用法為 `make a mistake` (犯錯)、`by mistake` (無意中、錯誤地)。
* It is a common mistake to believe that money can buy happiness. (認為金錢可以買到幸福是一個常見的錯誤。)
* It was a mistake to invite her to the party. (邀請她來派對是一個錯誤。)
* I made a mistake in my calculation. (我計算錯誤。)
* I'm sorry, I took your umbrella by mistake because it looked exactly like mine. (對不起，我拿錯了你的傘，因為它看起來跟我的一模一樣。)
* (v.) 誤認
* 常見用法為 `mistake A for B` (把 A 誤認為 B)。
* Never mistake kindness for weakness. (別把善良當軟弱。)
* People often mistake her for a movie star because of her elegant appearance. (人們常因為她優雅的外表而把她誤認為電影明星。)
* Delay (n./v.) 延遲、延誤；耽擱
* `without delay` 表「毫不耽擱地」、「立即」。
* The heavy snow caused a long delay in the delivery of our packages. (大雪導致我們的包裹運送嚴重延誤。)
* We must act without delay to prevent the situation from getting worse. (我們必須立即行動，以防情況惡化。)
* The train was delayed for two hours due to technical problems on the tracks. (由於軌道技術問題，火車延誤了兩小時。)
* Contact
* (v.) 聯絡、接觸
* 後面可直接加人或機構 (不用加 `to/with`)。若要表達「在特定地址聯絡」，則可用 `contact sb at + 聯絡方式/地址`。
* If you encounter any technical issues, please contact our support team immediately. (如果您遇到任何技術問題，請立即聯繫我們的支援團隊。)
* You can contact me at . (你可以透過 聯繫我。)
* (n.) 聯絡、接觸
* 指通訊方式或人際關係。`contact lens` 表「隱形眼鏡」。`keep in contact with sb` 指與某人保持聯絡。
* I have been trying to get in contact with him for weeks, but he hasn't returned my calls. (我幾週來一直試圖與他取得聯繫，但他都沒有回我電話。)
* The manager remains in close contact with the overseas branch to monitor the progress. (經理與海外分公司保持密切聯繫以監控進度。)
* Further
* (adj./adv.) 更進一步的、更多的
* 為比較級，常用於指「程度」、「時間」等抽象概念上的距離更遠。
* Please don't hesitate to call me if you have any further questions regarding the contract. (如果您對合約有任何進一步的疑問，請隨時打電話給我。)
* Scientists are conducting further research to find a cure for the rare disease. (科學家正進行進一步的研究，以尋找這種罕見疾病的治療方法。)
* We need to investigate further before we can arrive at a final decision. (在做出最終決定之前，我們需要進一步調查。)
* (v.) 促進、推動、助長
* The government wants to further the development of new technology. (政府想要促進新技術的發展。)
* She took the job to further her career in marketing. (她接受這份工作以提升她在行銷領域的職涯。)
* He donated money to further his own political interests. (他捐錢是為了助長自己的政治利益。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `Farther`
為比較級，通常僅指「物理」、「地理」上的距離更遠。
* He ran farther than I did. (他跑得比我遠。)
* The park is farther away than I thought. (公園比我想像的還要遠。)
{% endhint %}
* Detail
* (n.) 細節、詳情
* `in detail` 表「詳細地」；`go into detail` 表「詳談」、「深入細節」；`attention to detail` 表「注重細節、細心」，常在履歷、面試或工作評估中用來形容一個人專注且能精確完成任務。
* Please provide more details about the project. (請提供更多關於專案的細節。)
* The architect explained the design of the building in detail during the meeting. (建築師在會議中詳細解釋了建築的設計。)
* I won't go into detail about the case over the phone. (我電話裡就不細說這個案件了。)
* She has great attention to detail, which makes her an excellent editor. (她非常注重細節，這使她成為一名優秀的編輯。)
* (v.) 詳細說明
* The report details the steps the company will take to reduce its carbon footprint. (該報告詳細說明了公司為減少碳足跡將採取的步驟。)
* She detailed her plans for the future. (她詳細說明了她對未來的計畫。)
作文百句 41 片語整理
## 片語
* On + Adj + occasion 在某種特定的場合、在某幾次
* On every previous occasion, the restaurant had provided excellent food and service. (在先前的每一次，這家餐廳都提供極佳的食物與服務。)
* He has expressed his concerns on many occasions. (他在許多場合表達過他的擔憂。)
* On time 準時
* 指在預定的時間準確發生。注意與 [`in time`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-14-pian-yu-zheng-li) (及時) 的區別。
* Despite the heavy rain, the delivery driver managed to arrive on time. (儘管下著大雨，外送員仍設法準時抵達。)
* If the project isn't finished on time, we might lose the client's trust. (如果計畫沒有準時完成，我們可能會失去客戶的信任。)
* A number of N 一些、許多
* 後接**可數名詞**，**搭配複數動詞**。
* A number of students were absent today due to the sudden flu outbreak. (由於突發的流感，今天有許多學生缺席。)
* We encountered a number of challenges while setting up the new equipment. (我們在安裝新設備時遇到了許多挑戰。)
* Up until now 直到現在
* 強調某個狀態持續到目前為止，通常暗示接下來發生了改變。
* Up until now, the weather has been perfect for our outdoor wedding. (直到現在，天氣對我們的戶外婚禮來說都非常完美。)
* Everything has been going smoothly up until now, but we have hit a small problem. (直到現在一切都很順利，但我們遇到了一個小問題。)
* Exchange A for B 用 A 交換 B、將 A 換成 B
* You can exchange your reward points for a discount on your next purchase. (你可以將獎勵積分兌換成下次購物的折扣。)
* Make up for N 補償...、彌補...
* The company offered a free gift to make up for the long delay in shipping. (公司提供了一份免費禮物，以補償運送上的長時間延誤。)
* He worked extra hours on Sunday to make up for the time he took off. (他週日加班以彌補他請假的時間。)
* Contact 人/機構 at +電話/信箱/地址 透過...聯絡某人/某機構
* `at` 在這裡用來銜接具體的聯絡管道。最常見的是接電話號碼、電子郵件地址、具體的地點或分機。
* If you have any further questions regarding the contract, please contact our legal department at 02-2345-6789. (如果您對合約有任何進一步的疑問，請撥打 02-2345-6789 聯絡我們的法律部門。)
* For more information, please contact the organizer at the email address below. (如需了解更多信息，請透過以下電子郵件地址聯絡主辦單位。)
* In case of an emergency, contact the duty officer at 911. (如遇緊急狀況，請撥打911聯繫值班人員。)
* For technical support, please contact the help desk at extension 505. (如需技術支援，請聯繫分機 505 的服務台。)
* For further details 欲知詳情
* 在書信或公告結尾常用的正式表達。與 `for more information` (欲知更多資訊) 意思相近。
* Please contact our customer service department for further details about the warranty. (關於保固的詳情，請聯繫我們的客戶服務部門。)
* For further details, please refer to the instruction manual included in the box. (欲知詳情，請參閱隨盒附上的說明手冊。)
作文百句 41 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
本文提及了一些服飾，這裡再補充一些生活中常見的服飾英文。
#### 常見服裝
* Shirt (n.) 襯衫
* 為**可數名詞**。通常指有領子、扣子的男式襯衫或中性襯衫。
* He wore a crisp white shirt and a silk tie for the job interview. (他為了求職面試穿了一件挺括的白襯衫並繫了絲綢領帶。)
* The blue shirt matches your eyes perfectly. (這件藍襯衫與你的眼睛完美搭配。)
* Blouse (n.) 女式襯衫
* 為**可數名詞**。特指質地較輕柔、剪裁較具女性美感的上衣。
* She chose an elegant silk blouse to wear to the formal banquet. (她選擇了一件優雅的絲綢襯衫穿去參加正式宴會。)
* The floral pattern on her blouse reflected her cheerful personality. (她襯衫上的花卉圖案反映了她開朗的個性。)
* Sweater (n.) 毛衣、針織衫
* 為**可數名詞**。
* This wool sweater is very warm but feels a bit itchy on my skin. (這件羊毛毛衣很暖和，但穿在皮膚上感覺有點癢。)
* She knitted a beautiful sweater as a Christmas gift for her grandfather. (她織了一件漂亮的毛衣作為送給祖父的聖誕禮物。)
* Hoodie (n.) 連帽衫、帽 T
* 為**可數名詞**。指帶有帽子 (`hood`) 的運動款上衣。
* James likes to wear a comfortable hoodie when he goes to the gym. (James 去健身房時喜歡穿一件舒適的連帽衫。)
* The student wore his hoodie to stay warm in the air-conditioned classroom. (那個學生穿著連帽衫，以便在有空調的教室裡保持溫暖。)
* Suit (n.) 西裝、套裝
* 為**可數名詞**。指由外套與褲子 (或裙子) 組成的成套正式服裝。
* The businessman looked very professional in his navy blue suit. (那位商人在他的海軍藍西裝中看起來非常專業。)
* A tailor-made suit often fits much better than one bought from a store. (訂製的西裝通常比在店裡買的更合身。)
* Coat (n.) 外套、大衣
* 為**可數名詞**。通常指穿在最外面、長度較長 (通常過腰或及膝) 的保暖衣物。`trench coat` 指「風衣」。
* Whenever winter arrives, she brings out her heavy wool coat to stay warm. (每當冬天來臨，她就會拿出厚重的羊毛大衣來保暖。)
* The detective was known for wearing a long brown coat even in autumn. (那位偵探以即便在秋天也穿著一件棕色長大衣而聞名。)
* James hung his trench coat on the rack near the entrance. (James 將他的風衣掛在入口處附近的架子上。)
* Jacket (n.) 夾克、短外套
* 為**可數名詞**。通常指長度僅及腰部的輕便外套。`denim jacket` 指「牛仔夾克」；`leather jacket` 就是黃仁勳常穿的「皮夾克」。
* You should bring a light jacket because the temperature might drop in the evening. (你應該帶件薄夾克，因為傍晚氣溫可能會下降。)
* He looked very stylish in his new denim jacket and white T-shirt. (他穿著新的牛仔夾克和白 T 恤看起來非常時髦。)
* Jensen Huang’s iconic black leather jacket has become a symbol of his personal brand. (黃仁勳標誌性的黑色皮夾克已成為他個人品牌的象徵。)
* Down jacket / Puffer jacket (n.) 羽絨衣、羽絨外套
* 為**可數名詞**。`Down` 在此指「羽絨」。
* A high-quality down jacket is essential for surviving the freezing winters in northern countries. (一件高品質的羽絨衣對於在北方國家的嚴冬中生存至關重要。)
* Jason bought a lightweight puffer jacket that can be easily folded into a small bag. (Jason 買了一件輕便的羽絨外套，可以輕鬆摺疊進一個小袋子裡。)
* Raincoat (n.) 雨衣
* 為**可數名詞**。`disposable raincoat` 指「一次性雨衣」；`lightweight raincoat` 指「輕便雨衣」
* It's pouring outside, so don't forget to put on your yellow raincoat. (外面下著大雨，所以別忘了穿上你的黃色雨衣。)
* This disposable raincoat is lightweight and easy to carry. (這件輕便雨衣很輕，容易攜帶)。
* The hikers wore lightweight raincoats to protect themselves from the mountain storms. (登山者穿著輕便雨衣，以保護自己免受山區風暴的襲擊。)
* Gown (n.) 禮服
* 為**可數名詞**。指正式場合穿的長禮服，如 `evening gown` (晚禮服)、`ball gown` (舞會大長裙)。若是男士禮服則常用 `tuxedo` (燕尾服/無尾禮服)，複數形為 `tuxedos`。
* The actress wore a stunning diamond-encrusted gown to the Oscar ceremony. (那位女演員穿著一件鑲滿鑽石的絕美禮服出席奧斯卡典禮。)
* Every graduate wore a black academic gown during the commencement ceremony. (每位畢業生在畢業典禮上都穿著黑色的學位服。)
* She spent months searching for the perfect wedding gown. (她花了幾個月的時間尋找最完美的婚紗禮服。)
* Dress (n.) 洋裝、連身裙
* 為**可數名詞**。
* She wore a simple floral dress to the summer picnic. (她穿著一件簡單的花卉洋裝去參加夏季野餐。)
* That little black dress is perfect for almost any evening party. (那件小黑裙幾乎適合任何晚會。)
* Pajamas (n.) 睡衣、睡褲
* **恆為複數名詞**。指整套睡衣褲。`sleepwear` 則是**不可數**的集合名詞。
* The children put on their colorful pajamas and waited for a bedtime story. (孩子們穿上彩色睡衣，等待著床邊故事。)
* I usually wear silk pajamas because they feel very cool and smooth. (我通常穿絲綢睡衣，因為它們感覺非常涼爽滑順。)
* Cloak / Cape (n.) 斗篷、披風
* 為**可數名詞**。`cloak` 通常指有帽子、長度較長且能包裹全身的斗篷；`cape` 則通常較短且不一定有帽子。
* **Not all heroes wear capes.** (不是所有英雄都穿著披風)，形容真正的英雄不一定像超人或蝙蝠俠那樣穿著斗篷，通常指在日常生活中默默付出、行善、幫助他人，或是平凡但偉大的無名英雄。
* In fantasy novels, mysterious characters often wear long black cloaks to hide their identities. (在奇幻小說中，神祕人物經常穿著長黑斗篷來隱藏身份。)
* The superhero’s red cape fluttered heroically in the wind as he flew through the sky. (當超級英雄飛過天空時，他的紅色披風在風中英勇地飄動。)
#### 常見褲裝
褲子因為有兩個褲管，所以**恆用複數形**，並**搭配複數動詞**。計量時須使用 `a pair of`，但以此為主詞時，須搭配單數動詞。
* Pants / Trousers (n.) 長褲
* `pants` 是美式說法；`trousers` 是英式說法。
* I need to find a pair of pants that is both durable and stylish. (我需要找到一條既耐用又時尚的長褲。)
* These pants are too long for me; I need to have them shortened. (這條長褲對我來說太長了；我需要把它改短。)
* Jeans (n.) 牛仔褲
* These jeans were on sale, so I bought two pairs. (這些牛仔褲在特價，所以我買了兩條。)
* A pair of blue jeans is a must-have item in everyone's wardrobe. (一條藍色牛仔褲是每個人衣櫃裡的必備單品。)
* Shorts (n.) 短褲
* It's too hot to wear jeans; I think I'll change into my shorts. (穿牛仔褲太熱了；我想我會換上我的短褲。)
* He packed three pairs of shorts for his summer vacation in Hawaii. (他為在夏威夷的暑假裝了三條短褲。)
* Cropped pants (n. phr.) 九分褲 / 七分褲
* 九分褲也可以寫 `ankle-length pants` (及踝褲)；七分褲也可以寫 `capri pants` (卡普里褲)。
* Cropped pants are very popular during the spring and summer seasons. (九分褲在春夏兩季非常受歡迎。)
* These ankle-length pants go perfectly with your new leather shoes. (這條九分褲與你的新皮鞋完美搭配。)
* She preferred wearing capri pants while strolling along the beach. (她沿著海灘散步時喜歡穿七分褲。)
* Sweatpants (n.) 棉褲、運動長褲
* 指舒適、通常有縮口或束帶的運動用棉長褲。窄管款也常稱為 `joggers`。
* After a long day at work, James loves to change into his soft sweatpants. (工作一整天後，James 喜歡換上他柔軟的棉褲。)
* A pair of grey sweatpants is ideal for lounging around the house on Sundays. (一條灰色棉褲非常適合週日在家放鬆。)
#### 常見內衣與配件
* Underwear (n.) 內衣褲
* 為**不可數名詞**。包含胸罩、內褲、衛生衣等。計量時須用 `an item of` 或 `a piece of`。
* Make sure you have enough clean underwear for the entire trip. (確保你為整個旅程準備了足夠的乾淨內衣褲。)
* The store sells comfortable cotton underwear for people with sensitive skin. (這家店為皮膚敏感的人販售舒適的棉質內衣褲。)
* Bra (n.) 胸罩
* 為**可數名詞**。全名為 `brassiere`。`sports bra` 指「運動胸罩」。
* It is important to find a bra that provides the right amount of support and comfort. (找到一件能提供合適支撐力與舒適度的胸罩是很重要的。)
* She decided to buy a sports bra specifically for her morning yoga sessions. (她決定專門為她的晨間瑜伽課買一件運動胸罩。)
* Sock (n.) 襪子
* 為**可數名詞**。因為通常成對出現，所以常用複數。計量時，常用 `a pair of`。
* I can never find a matching pair of socks in the morning. (我早上總是找不到成對的襪子。)
* There is a hole in my left sock, so I need to buy a new pair. (我的左腳襪子有個洞，所以我需要買一雙新的。)
* Stockings / Pantyhose (n.) 絲襪、連褲襪
* 為**可數名詞**。`stockings` 通常指長筒襪 (至大腿)；`pantyhose` 或 `tights` 指連褲襪。因為通常成對出現，所以常用複數。計量時，常用 `a pair of`。
* I accidentally snagged my stockings, and now there’s a noticeable hole in them. (我不小心勾破了絲襪，現在上面有一個明顯的洞。)
* The girl who is dancing is wearing high-waisted pantyhose. (那個跳舞的女孩兒穿着高腰褲襪。)
* Over-the-knee socks / Thigh-high socks (n.) 過膝長襪、大腿襪
* 為**可數名詞**。指長度超過膝蓋、達到大腿高度的長襪。因為通常成對出現，所以常用複數。計量時，常用 `a pair of`。
* A pair of over-the-knee socks can add a stylish and youthful touch to a school uniform. (一雙過膝長襪可以為校服增添時尚與青春的氣息。)
* Thigh-high socks are perfect for keeping your legs warm while wearing a short skirt in autumn. (秋天穿短裙時，大腿襪非常適合用來保持腿部溫暖。)
* Scarf (n.) 圍巾、絲巾
* 為**可數名詞**，複數形為 `scarves`。
* A colorful scarf can brighten up a plain outfit. (一條色彩鮮豔的圍巾可以讓單調的裝扮變得明亮。)
* She wrapped a thick wool scarf around her neck to block the cold wind. (她將一條厚羊毛圍巾圍在脖子上以阻擋寒風。)
* Beanie (n.) 毛帽、針織帽
* 為**可數名詞**。`beanie` 特指那種緊貼頭部、通常沒有邊緣的毛帽，而 `knit cap` 是所有針織帽的統稱。
* Wearing a beanie can help prevent heat loss from your head during cold weather. (在寒冷的天氣裡戴毛帽可以幫助防止頭部熱量流失。)
* She pulled her red beanie down to cover her ears against the biting wind. (她拉下紅色毛帽以遮住耳朵，抵擋刺骨的寒風。)
## 42.
1. **There's no denying** that everyone hopes to live in a wonderful environment. We will live an enjoyable life **only if** the environment is **free from pollution**. However, **with the rapid development of technology**, many good values have been **distorted**, and pollution has **surfaced**.
2. Inordinate **deforestation** has harmed the long-term **availability** of natural resources. Factories keep **discharging** **sewage**, therefore making rivers too dirty for fish to live in. **On top of** that, the amount of trash is getting large. Nothing in the world can disappoint me more than seeing the **deterioration** of the environment.
3. In order to save our environment from **deteriorating**, never **should we neglect** the following solutions **to** the environmental problems. **In the first place**, **the authorities concerned** must **enact harsh laws** as soon as possible. Additionally, these laws **ought to** **be enforced** strictly and thoroughly. To put it differently, whoever pollutes the environment must **be fined** or even punished. **Last but not least**, the **conception** of loving our Mother Earth must be **instilled** into everyone. It is not until we **meet** the three **requirements that** the environment will be so wonderful that it can be called a paradise.
作文百句 42 單字整理
## 單字
* Wonderful (adj.) 極好的、精彩的、奇妙的
* 程度比 `good` 強很多。
* It's wonderful to see you. (見到你真是太好了。)
* The fireworks display last night was absolutely wonderful; I've never seen anything like it. (昨晚的煙火表演真是精彩絕倫；我從未見過那樣的景象。)
* Enjoyable (adj.) 令人愉快的、好玩的
* 請注意，這是用來形容「事物」，而非「人」的感受。
* We spent an enjoyable afternoon chatting and sipping coffee by the river. (我們在河邊聊天、喝咖啡，度過了一個愉快的下午。)
* The teacher tried various activities to make learning English more enjoyable for the students. (老師嘗試了各種活動，讓學生學習英文變得更有趣。)
* Free
* (adj.) 免費的
* The service is completely free. (這項服務完全免費。)
* Customers can get a free dessert if they spend more than fifty dollars. (消費超過五十美元的顧客可以獲得一份免費甜點。)
* (adj.) 自由的、不受限的
* 常見用法為 `feel free to + VR` (請隨意…、請不吝…)。
* The bird is finally free. (鳥終於自由了。)
* Please feel free to ask any questions if you are confused about the instructions. (如果你對說明感到困惑，請儘管提問。)
* (adj.) 空閒的
* Are you free this weekend? (你這週末有空嗎？)
* I’ll do it in my free time. (我會利用空閒時間做。)
* (adj.) 沒有...的
* `free from N` 指「不受...影響、免於...」，強調**脫離**負面情境或有害物質；`free of N` 指「無…的、免於…」，強調**沒有**負面物質、特徵或責任，如 `free of charge` (免付費、無額外費用)。
* `smoke-free` 表「無菸」；`sugar-free` 表「無糖」；tax-free 表「免稅的」。
* This environment is free from noise pollution, making it a perfect place for meditation. (這個環境沒有噪音污染，是冥想的絕佳場所。)
* Alana likes to organize her room to stay free of stress. (Alana 喜歡整理房間以保持無壓力。)
* The food should be free of any contaminants. (食物應無任何污染物。)
* (adv.) 免費地
* The elderly travel free on public transport. (老年人可以免費乘坐公共交通。)
* We will install your washing machine for free. (我們將會為您免費安裝洗衣機。)
* (v.) 釋放、使獲得自由；解除、使擺脫
* The slaves were finally freed after years of struggling for their rights. (在為權利奮鬥多年後，奴隸們終於獲得了自由。)
* This cream will free your skin from blemishes. (這款乳霜能讓你的皮膚免於瑕疵。)
* Pollution (n.) 污染
* 為**不可數名詞**。常見搭配有 `air/water/noise pollution`。動詞形為 `pollute`。
* Noise pollution in the city can cause stress and sleeping problems for many residents. (城市的噪音污染會給許多居民帶來壓力與睡眠問題。)
* The new law aims to reduce plastic pollution in our oceans. (新法律旨在減少我們海洋中的塑料污染。)
* Rapid (adj.) 快速的、迅速的
* The company has experienced rapid growth over the past three years due to its innovative products. (由於產品創新，該公司在過去三年中經歷了快速增長。)
* We must adapt to the rapid changes in technology to stay competitive in the market. (我們必須適應科技的快速變化，以在市場中保持競爭力。)
* Development (n.) 發展、成長；新進展、新情況
* 指發展的「過程」或「行為」時，為**不可數名詞**；指發展過程中出現的「新事物」、「新進展」時，為**可數名詞**。
* `research and development` (`R&D`) 表「研發」，指企業或組織為開發新產品、技術或改善現有服務而進行的系統性工作；`sustainable development` 指「永續發展」。
* The development of a child's brain is heavily influenced by their early environment. (兒童大腦的發展受早期環境的影響很大。)
* Scientists are closely monitoring the latest developments in the search for a cure. (科學家正密切監測尋找治療方法方面的最新進展。)
* The local government is planning a new housing development near the park. (當地政府正計畫在公園附近建設一個新的住宅開發案。)
* Technology (n.) 科技、技術、工藝
* 指某種特定的技術、設備或方法時，為**可數名詞**。其他情況下為不可數名詞。
* `state-of-the-art technology` 表「最先進的 (`SOTA`)」技術；`modern technology` 指「現代科技」。
* Technology has fundamentally changed the way we communicate and work in the 21st century. (科技從根本上改變了我們在 21 世紀溝通與工作的方式。)
* The university is investing millions in new technologies for renewable energy. (這所大學正投入數百萬美元研發再生能源的新技術。)
* Distort (v.) 扭曲、歪曲
* The funhouse mirror distorted her reflection. (哈哈鏡扭曲了她的倒影。)
* Some media outlets tend to distort the truth to gain more viewers. (一些媒體機構傾向於歪曲事實以獲得更多觀眾。)
* High volume can distort the sound coming from the speakers. (音量過高會使揚聲器傳出的聲音失真。)
* Surface
* (v.) 浮出水面、顯露、露面
* The submarine surfaced after three days of underwater operations. (潛水艇在水下作業三天後浮出了水面。)
* Reports of the scandal began to surface recently. (該醜聞的報導最近開始浮現。)
* She didn't surface until noon. (她直到中午才露面。)
* (n.) 表面、表層、外觀
* The table has a smooth, shiny surface. (桌子表面光滑發亮。)
* Tropical rainforests cover around 3% of the Earth's surface. (熱帶雨林佔了地表3%的面積。)
* Inordinate (adj.) 過度的、不節制的
* He spent an inordinate amount of time playing video games instead of studying. (他花了過多的時間玩電動遊戲而不是讀書。)
* The company was criticized for charging inordinate prices for basic necessities. (該公司因對基本生活用品收取過高價格而受到批評。)
* Deforestation (n.) 砍伐森林、毀林
* 為**不可數名詞**。反義詞為 `reforestation`。
* Deforestation is one of the main causes of global warming and loss of biodiversity. (砍伐森林是全球暖化與生物多樣性喪失的主要原因之一。)
* Many animal species are losing their habitats due to massive deforestation. (許多動物物種正因大規模砍伐森林而失去棲息地。)
* The company promotes sustainable agriculture and reforestation in the region. (該公司在該地區推動永續農業與重新造林。)
* Long-term (adj.) 長期的
* 為複合形容詞，通常放在名詞前。
* Setting long-term goals is essential for building a successful career path. (設定長期目標對於建立成功的職業生涯至關重要。)
* Doctors are still studying the long-term effects of this medication on the human body. (醫生們仍在研究這種藥物對人體的長期影響。)
* 片語 `in the long term` 指「長遠來看」。
* Although it's expensive now, this investment will be profitable in the long term. (雖然現在很貴，但長遠來看這項投資會是獲利的。)
* Availability
* 為**不可數名詞**。形容詞為 `available`。
* (n.) 可獲得性、可用性
* 指某物是否可以買到、用到。常見用法為 `availability of N`。`be subject to availability` 表「取決於是否有貨、名額」。
* The availability of clean water is a major concern in many developing nations. (清潔水源的可獲得性是許多發展中國家主要擔憂的問題。)
* Please **check the availability** of the meeting room. (請確認會議室的可用性。)
* All of our special offers are subject to availability. (我們所有的特價優惠均視庫存情況而定。)
* (n.) (人) 空閒時間、空檔
* 指某人是否有空。
* Having a flexible job allows me to increase or decrease my hours depending on my availability. (擁有一份彈性的工作讓我能根據我的時間安排來增加或減少工時。)
* Natural
* (adj.) 自然的、天然的；理所當然的
* This juice is made from 100% natural ingredients with no added sugar. (這款果汁由 100% 天然成分製成，不添加糖。)
* It is natural that you feel nervous before making a big presentation. (在做重要演講之前感到緊張是很正常的。)
* (n.) 天賦異稟的人
* 後面常接 `at sth`。
* When it comes to playing the piano, Alana is a natural at it. (說到彈鋼琴，Alana 真是個天才。)
* Resource (n.) 資源；財富；才智
* **通常寫成複數形** (`resources`)。`natural resources` 指「自然資源」；`human resources` 指「人力資源；人事部」；`a man of resources` 指「足智多謀的人」。
* The country is rich in natural resources such as coal, oil, and iron ore. (該國擁有豐富的自然資源，如煤、石油和鐵礦石。)
* Teachers often lack the necessary resources to support students with special needs. (老師們往往缺乏必要的資源來支持有特殊需求的學生。)
* During the crisis, he had to rely on his own internal resources to survive. (在危機期間，他必須依靠自己的內在應變能力來生存。)
* Factory (n.) 工廠
* The government has ordered several old factories to stop production until they can reduce their carbon emissions. (政府已下令幾家舊工廠停產，直到他們能減少碳排放為止。)
* Working in a shoe factory can be quite exhausting because of the repetitive nature of the tasks. (在鞋廠工作可能相當疲憊，因為任務具有重複性。)
* Discharge
* (v./n.) 排放
* 常用於指排放液體、氣體或電力。
* It is strictly forbidden to discharge toxic chemicals into the public drainage system. (嚴禁向公共排水系統排放有毒化學品。)
* The illegal discharge of industrial waste has led to a major environmental crisis in this region. (非法排放工業廢物已導致該地區嚴重的環境危機。)
* (v./n.) 出院
* 常寫成 `be discharged from (the hospital)`。
* The doctor said I can be discharged next week. (醫生說我下週可以出院。
* The doctor will authorize your discharge from the hospital as soon as your fever goes down. (一旦你的燒退了，醫生就會批准你出院。)
* (v./n.) 解僱、解除職務；退伍；釋放
* 指解除某人的職務、工作或解除合約責任。常見用法為 `be discharged from N`。
* He was discharged from his post for misconduct. (他因不當形為而被解除了職務。)
* He received an honorable discharge from the army. (他獲得光榮退伍。)
* She was given a **conditional discharge**. (她被判有條件釋放。)
* (v.) 履行 (責任)
* 指完成義務、任務或支付債務。`discharge a debt` 指「清償債務」。
* He discharged his duty responsibly. (他負責任地履行了他的職責。)
* Sewage (n.) 汙水、廢水
* 尤指來自家庭或工廠的排泄物與廢水。為**不可數名詞**。
* The factory was fined for discharging untreated sewage into the local river. (該工廠因向當地河流排放未經處理的汙水而被罰款。)
* A proper sewage system is essential for maintaining public health in a city. (完善的汙水系統對於維持城市的公共衛生至關重要。)
* Therefore (adv.) 因此、所以
* 意思與 [`thus`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-23-dan-zi-zheng-li) 相同。
* The candidate failed to meet the minimum requirements. Therefore, his application was rejected. (該候選人未能達到最低要求。因此，他的申請被拒絕了。)
* Our team worked through the night and therefore managed to finish the project ahead of schedule. (我們團隊通宵工作，因此設法提前完成了計畫。)
* Dirty
* (adj.) 骯髒的、不公平的
* 除指實際上的髒，也可用於描述手段卑鄙或言詞下流。
* The river water has become too dirty for local residents to use for washing or drinking. (河水已經變得太髒，以至於當地居民無法將其用於洗滌或飲用。)
* In politics, some people are willing to play a dirty game just to stay in power. (在政治中，有些人為了保住權力不惜玩弄卑鄙的手段。)
* He told a dirty joke. (他講了一個下流笑話。)
* (v.) 弄髒
* Please take off your muddy boots so you don't dirty the carpet in the living room. (請脫下你沾滿泥土的靴子，以免弄髒客廳的地毯。)
* Disappoint (v.) 使失望、使幻滅
* I'm sorry to disappoint you, but the restaurant you recommended is closed for renovation. (很抱歉讓你失望，但你推薦的那家餐廳因裝修而關閉了。)
* The young athlete promised not to disappoint his fans in the upcoming Olympic games. (這位年輕運動員承諾不會在即將到來的奧運會中讓他的粉絲失望。)
* Deterioration (n.) 惡化、變壞
* 常用於健康、氣候或物質狀況。為**不可數名詞**。`deterioration of N` 指某事物的惡化；`deterioration in N` 指某方面的惡化。
* The doctor is concerned about the sudden deterioration of the patient's condition. (醫生對病人狀況的突然惡化感到擔憂。)
* I felt a deterioration in my physical strength. (我感到體力退化。)
* Deteriorate (v.) 惡化、變壞
* 後面常接 `into N` 表惡化成...、演變成... (糟糕、衝突的狀況)。
* His health has slowly deteriorated over the past few months. (他過去幾個月健康緩慢惡化。)
* The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. (討論演變成激烈的爭吵。)
* Following
* (adj.) 接下來的
* Please answer the following questions. (請回答下列問題。)
* She left for Paris the following day to attend her best friend's wedding. (隔天她出發前往巴黎參加她好友的禮禮。)
* (n.) 下列事物 (`the following`)
* `following` **本身視為不可數** (**不加**** ****`s`**)，但其後**動詞單複數取決於所列舉的內容**。
* Please read the following carefully. (請仔細閱讀下述內容。)
* The following is a list of participants. (下列是參加者名單。) → `a list` 為單數，所以動詞用 `is`。
* The following are the essential items you need to bring for the three-day camping trip. (以下是你在為期三天的露營旅行中需要帶的必備物品。) → `essential items` 為複數，所以動詞用 `are`。
* (prep.) 在...之後
* 意思相當於 `after`。
* Following the meeting, we went to dinner. (會議之後我們去吃飯。)
* Following the global pandemic, many companies have adopted a more flexible remote work policy. (在全球流行病之後，許多公司採取了更靈活的遠端辦公政策。)
* Enact (v.) 制定 (法律)、通過 (法案)
* The legislature is expected to enact a new law to improve animal welfare. (立法機關預計將制定一項新法律以改善動物福利。)
* It took years of protesting before the government finally enacted the reform. (經過多年的抗議，政府最終才通過了這項改革。)
* Harsh (adj.) 嚴厲的、嚴酷的；刺耳的、刺眼的
* The government was criticized for its harsh treatment of the protesters last week. (政府因上週對抗議者的嚴厲對待而受到批評。)
* Living in the Arctic is a challenge due to the harsh climate and lack of resources. (由於氣候嚴酷且缺乏資源，居住在北極是一個挑戰。)
* The designer suggested changing the bulbs because the light in the office was too harsh. (設計師建議更換燈泡，因為辦公室的光線太刺眼了。)
* Law
* (n.) 法律、法規
* 指整體的法律體系或法律專業時，為**不可數名詞**。其他情況下為可數名詞。
* It is against the law to drive a car without a valid license in this country. (在這個國家，無照駕駛是違法的。)
* The parliament is planning to pass a new law to protect personal data online. (議會正計畫通過一項新法律來保護網路個人數據。)
* (n.) 定律
* Newton's laws of motion explain how objects move under the influence of forces. (牛頓運動定律解釋了物體在力的影響下如何運動。)
* Enforce (v.) 強制執行、使遵守 (法律、規則)
* 主詞通常是權威機構 (如警察或政府)，受詞是法律、規則或決定。
* The police are here to enforce the speed limit and ensure road safety. (警察在這裡是為了執行速限並確保道路安全。)
* It is difficult to enforce international agreements without a central authority. (沒有中央權威機構，國際協議很難強制執行。)
* Strictly (adv.) 嚴格地、嚴厲地；完全地
* `strictly speaking` 表「嚴格來說...」。形容詞為 `strict`。
* All laboratory safety protocols must be strictly followed to avoid accidents. (所有的實驗室安全協議必須被嚴格遵守以避免事故。)
* This area is strictly for staff members only; visitors are not allowed. (此區域嚴格僅限員工進入；訪客不得進入。)
* Strictly speaking, a tomato is a fruit, even though we often treat it as a vegetable. (嚴格來說，番茄是水果，儘管我們常把它當作蔬菜。)
* Thoroughly (adv.) 徹底地、詳盡地；非常、完全
* Please read the contract thoroughly before you sign your name at the bottom. (在你在底部簽名之前，請徹底閱讀合約。)
* The detectives searched the house thoroughly but found no evidence of a crime. (偵探們徹底搜查了房子，但沒發現犯罪證據。)
* After the long hike, I thoroughly enjoyed the hot shower and a warm meal. (在長途健行後，我非常享受熱水澡和熱騰騰的飯菜。)
* Fine (v.) 處以罰金
* 指因違法或違反規則而正式收取的金錢懲罰。常見用法為 `fine sb for sth` 或 `be fined + 金額`。
* The city council decided to fine residents who do not recycle their household waste properly. (市議會決定對未正確回收生活垃圾的居民處以罰款。)
* Jimmy was fined $200 for parking his car in a designated emergency zone. (Jimmy 因將車停在指定的緊急區域而被罰款 200 美元。)
* Conception
* (n.) 概念、見解
* 為**可數名詞**。指對某事物的**主觀**理解，或想法、計畫的萌芽。`concept` 則指一個**客觀**的、通用的概念或理論。
* Our conception of privacy has changed significantly with the rise of social media. (隨著社群媒體的興起，我們對隱私的見解發生了顯著變化。)
* The project was complex from its initial conception to its final execution. (這個專案從最初的構想到最終的執行都非常複雜。)
* (n.) 懷孕、受孕
* 為**不可數名詞**。指生命開始的過程。
* The doctor explained that the baby's health can be influenced even before conception. (醫生解釋說，寶寶的健康甚至在受孕前就會受到影響。)
* Mother Earth (n. phr.) 大地之母、地球
* 這是對地球的擬人化稱呼。為了表示尊重並將其視為專有名詞，**兩個單字的首字母都必須大寫**。相似用法的字有 `Mother Nature` (大自然)
* We must learn to live in harmony with Mother Earth before it's too late. (我們必須學會與大地之母和諧共處，以免為時已晚。)
* Mother Nature showed her terrifying power during the massive hurricane last month. (大自然在上個月的大型颶風中展現了她可怕的力量。)
* Instill (v.) 灌輸、注入
* 常搭配 `instill sth in/into sb`。指逐漸將觀點、態度或價值觀灌輸給他人。
* Parents try to instill a sense of responsibility into their children from a young age. (父母試圖從小培養孩子們的責任感。)
* The coach wanted to instill confidence into the team after their recent defeat. (教練想在球隊最近的失敗後為他們灌輸信心。)
* Requirement (n.) 要求、規定、必要的條件
* 為**可數名詞**。常搭配動詞 `meet`/`satisfy` (符合要求)。
* The applicant must meet all the minimum requirements to be considered for the position. (申請人必須符合所有最低要求，才能被考慮錄用該職位。)
* It is a legal requirement for all passengers in the vehicle to wear their seatbelts. (車內所有乘客都必須繫好安全帶，這是法律規定。)
* The new software update has higher hardware requirements than the previous version. (新的軟體更新比舊版本有更高的硬體要求。)
作文百句 42 片語整理
## 片語
* Be free from N 免於...、脫離... (負面事物)
* Every citizen has the right to live a life that is free from fear and violence. (每位公民都有權過上免於恐懼與暴力的生活。)
* He was happy to be free from pain. (他很高興不再受痛苦折磨。)
* Save A from B 解救 A 免於 B
* The new laws were enacted to save the endangered species from extinction. (制定新法律是為了保護瀕危物種免於滅絕。)
* A quick-thinking neighbor managed to save the family from the burning house. (一位反應迅速的鄰居設法將這家人從著火的房子中救了出來。)
* Solution to N/V-ing ...的解決方法
* 這類表示「對應、解答、關鍵」的名詞，慣用法都是搭配 `to N/V-ing` 而非 `of`。相似用法的片語還有 `answer to N` (...的答案、回應), `key to N` (...的關鍵、秘訣), `response to N` (對...的反應), `guide to N` (...的指南)。
* There is no easy solution to the problem of plastic pollution in our oceans. (海洋塑膠污染問題沒有簡單的解決方法。)
* Scientists are working hard to find an effective solution to preventing the spread of the virus. (科學家們正在努力尋找有效方法來阻止病毒的傳播。)
* Continuous practice is the only key to mastering a new language. (不斷練習是掌握一門新語言的唯一關鍵。)
* In the first place
* 首先、第一點
* In the first place, we don't have enough money to buy such an expensive car. (首先，我們沒有足夠的錢買這麼貴的車。)
* 當初、一開始、原本
* If you didn't want to help, you shouldn't have agreed to do it in the first place. (如果你不想幫忙，當初就不應該答應去做。)
* I never wanted to come here in the first place. (我當初根本就不想來這裡。)
* To put it differently 換句話說、換個說法
* The company is suffering from a lack of funds; to put it differently, we are broke. (公司正遭受資金短缺之苦；換句話說，我們破產了。)
* He is not very good at expressing his feelings. To put it differently, he is a shy person. (他不太擅長表達感情；換句話說，他是個害羞的人。)
* Last but not least 最後 (但同樣重要地)
* 常用於清單的最後一項，強調其重要性並不亞於前面的項目。
* Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents for their constant support. (最後但同樣重要地，我要感謝我的父母一直以來的支持。)
* The hotel offers great food, a gym, and last but not least, a beautiful view of the ocean. (飯店提供美味的食物、健身房，最後同樣重要的，還有絕美的海景。)
* Instill sth in/into sb 在...身上灌輸... (觀念、價值觀、感情)
* My parents always tried to instill a sense of discipline into us through daily chores. (我的父母總是試圖透過日常家務在我們身上灌輸紀律感。)
* The military training is designed to instill absolute loyalty into the new recruits. (軍事訓練旨在為新兵灌輸絕對的忠誠。)
* Good teachers strive to instill a love of learning in their students from a young age. (優秀的老師努力從小在學生心中灌輸對學習的熱愛。)
* Meet the requirement 符合要求、規定
* 其他常見的動詞搭配有 `satisfy` (滿足), `match` (符合), `fulfill` (履行、完成), `comply with` (遵守)。
* Does this apartment meet the requirements of your growing family? (這間公寓符合你日益壯大的家庭需求嗎？)
* To graduate, every student must fulfill the requirements set by the university. (為了畢業，每位學生必須完成大學設定的要求。)
* The new factory was built to comply with the strict environmental requirements. (這座新工廠是為了遵守嚴格的環境要求而建造的。)
作文百句 42 文法整理
## 文法
* `There's no denying that + S + V` 無可否認...
* 用於引導一個顯而易見、大家公認的事實。與 `there's no doubt that` 用法相同。
* There's no denying that technology has significantly improved our standard of living. (無可否認，科技顯著提高了我們的生活水準。)
* There's no denying that she is the most talented musician in the entire orchestra. (無可否認，她是整個管弦樂團中最具才華的音樂家。)
* `Only if` 唯有...
* 結構為 `S + V + only if + S + V`，表僅有在子句的條件成立時，主句的情況才會成真。若將 `only if` 提到句首，則**主句** (不是子句) **須倒裝**，結構為 `Only if + S + V + 助動詞 + S + VR`。
* We can save our planet from global warming only if we reduce carbon emissions. = Only if we reduce carbon emissions **can** we **save** our planet from global warming. (唯有減少碳排放，我們才能將地球從全球暖化中解救出來。)
* The pollution problem will be solved only if the laws are strictly enforced. = Only if the laws are strictly enforced **will** the pollution problem **be** solved. (唯有法律被嚴格執行，污染問題才會被解決。)
作文百句 42 補充資料
## 文章分析
在本文第一段，作者先描述願景 (`everyone hopes to live in a wonderful environment`) 與現實 (價值觀扭曲與污染) 的衝突。接著，作者在第二段，從森林 (過度砍伐)、水資源 (工廠排放汙水)、廢棄物 (垃圾量激增) 等三個面向，列舉具體的問題，並使用 `disappoint...` 強調其痛心的感受。最後，作者在第三段，從法律 (政府制定嚴法)、執行 (嚴格執法)、觀念 (教育與價值觀灌輸) 等三個層面，提出具體解決方案，邏輯相當清晰。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Sustainable (adj.) 永續的、可持續的、能長期維持的
* 常用於環保、經濟和能源發展的議題。常見的搭配有 `sustainable development` (發展)/`energy` (能源)`/material` (材料)。
* Achieving sustainable development requires a delicate balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. (實現永續發展需要在經濟增長與環境保護之間取得微妙的平衡。)
* Using sustainable materials reduces environmental impact. (使用永續材料可以減少對環境的影響。)
* Disposable (adj.) 一次性的、用完即丟的
* To protect Mother Earth, we should avoid using disposable plastic straws and bags whenever possible. (為了保護大地之母，我們應該盡可能避免使用一次性塑膠吸管與提袋。)
* The hospital uses disposable medical supplies to ensure the highest level of hygiene and patient safety. (醫院使用一次性醫療用品以確保最高水準的衛生與病人安全。)
* Preservation (n.) 保護、保存、維護
* 為**不可數名詞**，強調「維持現狀、不使其受損」，常用於歷史古蹟或自然棲息地的保護。動詞形為 `preserve`。
* The local community is dedicated to the preservation of their unique cultural heritage. (當地社區致力於維護他們獨特的文化遺產。)
* Marine preservation efforts have led to a gradual increase in the local dolphin population. (海洋保護工作已導致當地海豚數量逐漸增加。)
* Conserve (v.) 節約 (資源)、保護
* 後面常接 `energy` (能源), `water`, `resources` (資源)。
* We must educate the public on how to conserve water during the severe summer drought. (我們必須教育大眾如何在嚴重的夏季乾旱期間節約用水。)
* The environmental group is working tirelessly to conserve the natural habitats of endangered species. (該環保組織正不遺餘力地保護瀕危物種的自然棲息地。)
* Conservation (n.) (對自然資源的) 保護、保存、節約
* 為**不可數名詞**。強調對自然資源有計畫的保護或節省，防止浪費或耗盡，與 `preservation` 的意義不同。
* Water conservation is particularly important during the dry summer months to prevent shortages. (在乾旱的夏季月份，節約用水對於防止短缺尤為重要。)
* The wildlife conservation group is working to increase the population of giant pandas. (該野生動物保護組織正致力於增加大熊貓的數量。)
* Biodiversity (n.) 生物多樣性
* 為**不可數名詞**。指特定區域內，生物種類的豐富程度。
* The massive deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is a direct threat to global biodiversity. (亞馬遜雨林的大規模砍伐是對全球生物多樣性的直接威脅。)
* Scientists are concerned that the loss of biodiversity will lead to the collapse of local food chains. (科學家們擔心生物多樣性的喪失將導致當地食物鏈的崩潰。)
* Pollutant (n.) 污染物、污染源
* 為**可數名詞**。指造成污染的具體物質。
* The smoke emitted by the factory contains harmful pollutants that can damage our respiratory system. (工廠排放的煙霧含有會損害我們呼吸系統的有害污染物。)
* Chemical pollutants from the farm have contaminated the nearby stream, making it unsafe for drinking. (來自農場的化學污染物污染了附近的溪流，使其飲用不安全。)
* Ecosystem (n.) 生態系統
* 為**可數名詞**。指生物與其環境構成的統一整體。
* Every species plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of the desert ecosystem. (每個物種在維持沙漠生態系統的平衡中都扮演著至關重要的角色。)
* The introduction of an invasive species can severely disrupt a stable ecosystem within a short time. (外來物種的引進可能會在短時間內嚴重破壞穩定的生態系統。)
* Ecology
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* (n.) 生態學
* She decided to pursue a degree in plant ecology to better understand local forests. (她決定攻讀植物生態學學位，以更深入了解當地的森林。)
* (n.) 生態環境
* 指某個地區整體的生物與環境的關係。`ecosystem` 則強調在特定區域空間內的「整個系統」。
* Human activities are having a disastrous effect on the ecology of the ocean. (人類活動正對海洋生態產生災難性影響。)
* The introduction of invasive species can disrupt the entire ecology of a lake. (外來物種的引進可能會破壞整個湖泊的生態。)
* Eco-friendly (adj.) 環境友善的、環保的
* 由 `ecology` 和 `friendly` 形成的複合形容詞。
* Switching to eco-friendly products is a small but significant step toward saving our planet. (改用環保產品是解救我們星球的一小步，但意義重大。)
* The hotel is known for its eco-friendly practices, such as using solar power and recycling greywater. (這家飯店以其環保做法聞名，例如使用太陽能和回收中水。)
* Global warming (n. phr.) 全球暖化
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* Global warming is causing the polar ice caps to melt at an alarming rate, leading to rising sea levels. (全球暖化正導致極地冰帽以驚人的速度融化，從而導致海平面上升。)
* Scientists warn that if we do not address global warming now, the ecological consequences will be irreversible. (科學家警告說，如果我們現在不解決全球暖化問題，生態後果將是不可逆轉的。)
* Natural disaster (n. phr.) 自然災害
* 為**可數名詞**。指地震、洪水、颱風等天災。
* The Red Cross provided immediate relief and medical support to the victims of the devastating natural disaster. (紅十字會向這場毀滅性自然災害的災民提供了立即的救濟與醫療支援。)
* Some experts believe that the increasing frequency of natural disasters is directly linked to climate change. (一些專家認為，自然災害發生頻率的增加與氣候變遷直接相關。)
* Renewable energy (n. phr.) 再生能源
* 為**不可數名詞**。當要區分不同種類的再生能源時，可在後面加上 `sources` (來源)，強調多種再生能源「來源」。
* Solar and wind power are the most common forms of renewable energy used to generate electricity today. (太陽能與風能是當今用於發電最常見的再生能源形式。)
* Many countries are aiming to get 100% of their electricity from renewable energy sources. (許多國家目標是100%的電力來自再生能源。)
* Carbon footprint (n. phr.) 碳足跡
* 為**可數名詞**。指個人、組織或產品在生產與消費過程中排放的二氧化碳總量。
* Taking public transportation or cycling instead of driving is an effective way to shrink your carbon footprint. (搭乘大眾運輸或騎單車代替開車是縮小個人碳足跡的有效方法。)
* The new factory implemented advanced filtration systems to minimize its carbon footprint during production. (這座新工廠實施了先進的過濾系統，以盡量減少生產過程中的碳足跡。)
## 43.
1. One day after an **exhausting** day at school, I **dragged my heavy feet** to the MRT station. **Crowded as the train was**, I was lucky enough to **spot** a **vacant** seat, not noticing that it was a **priority seat**. **Upon sitting** down, I took out my cell phone, starting to check out my friends' Facebook **updates**. Though I could see an old man **from the corner of my eyes**, I was too tired to **raise** my head, **not to mention yielding my seat** to him.
2. Several days later, while I was playing basketball during **recess**, I **bumped into** another player, fell to the ground and **sprained** my right **ankle**. Unable to **brace** myself with only one foot, I could only **wobble** on a **crutch**. The next day, on my way to school by MRT, **to my disappointment**, nobody gave up their seat to me. Even the **priority seat** **was occupied** by a student **of** my age.
3. Pretending to be busy **memorizing English vocabulary**, she ignored my **existence** **intentionally**, which was what I had done to the elderly man **a couple of** days ago. With one hand holding the **grip** and **the other** on the **crutch**, I almost fell several times. Not until then **did** the true meaning of Confucius' teaching **dawn on** me—**Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you**.
作文百句 43 單字整理
## 單字
* Exhausting (adj.) (事) 使人筋疲力竭的
* 動詞形為 `exhaust`。請注意，形容「人的感受」要用 [`exhausted`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-6-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* Preparing for the national entrance exam is an exhausting process that requires both mental and physical endurance. (為國家入學考試做準備是一個既需要腦力也需要體力的筋疲力竭的過程。)
* After an exhausting ten-hour flight, all I wanted was a warm bed and a long sleep. (在長達十小時的疲累飛行後，我想要的只是張溫暖的床和長時間的睡眠。)
* Spot
* (n.) 地點、斑點
* `on the spot` 表「當場、立即」；`put sb on the spot` 表「使某人處於難堪或為難的境地」。
* This park is a popular spot for local families to enjoy a weekend picnic. (這座公園是當地家庭享受週末野餐的熱門地點。)
* After the accident, the police arrived on the spot within five minutes. (事故發生後，警察在五分鐘內就趕到了現場。)
* (v.) 發現、辨認出
* The experienced auditor managed to spot several minor errors in the financial report. (經驗豐富的審計員設法辨認出了財務報告中的幾處微小錯誤。)
* Vacant (adj.) 空缺的、未被佔用的
* 常用在建築物、職位或座位。與 `empty` 的區別在於 `vacant` 強調可以被填補或使用。名詞形為 `vacancy`。
* We were relieved to find a vacant room in the hotel after driving all night in the rain. (在雨中開了一整晚車後，我們很慶幸能在飯店找到一間空房。)
* The lavatory is vacant. (這間廁所現在無人使用。)
* Our department has several vacant positions. (我們部門有幾個空缺的職位。)
* Priority (n.) 優先、優先權
* 形容詞為 `prior`。`priority seat` 即「博愛座、優先席」。常見用法為 `give priority to N` (給予...優先權), `take priority (over N)` (優先於...)。
* Helping the victims of the earthquake is our top priority at the moment. (幫助地震受難者是我們目前的首要任務。)
* Priority will be given to applicants with experience. (經驗豐富的申請者將享有優先權。)
* Safety must take priority over speed when designing a new public transportation system. (在設計新的大眾運輸系統時，安全必須優先於速度。)
* Corner
* (n.) 角落、轉角
* 指密閉空間的角落時，介係詞常用 `in`；指街道的轉角時，介係詞常用 `on`/`at`。`cut corners (on sth / to VR)` 指為了省時省錢而走捷徑、偷工減料；`around the corner` 表「在附近」、「即將來臨」。
* The child sat in the corner of the room, playing quietly with his toy cars. (孩子坐在房間角落，安靜地玩著他的玩具車。)
* There's a coffee shop on the corner. (轉角有一間咖啡廳。)
* We will meet on the corner of Park Road and Green Road. (我們將在公園路和格林路的轉角碰面。)
* We can't afford to cut corners on this project. (我們負擔不起在這個專案上偷工減料。)
* They are cutting corners to save money. (他們為了省錢在偷工減料。)
* Christmas is just around the corner. (聖誕節即將到來。)
* (v.) 將...逼入絕境
* The police cornered the thief. (警察把小偷逼到了角落。)
* I was cornered by the reporter and had to answer the questions. (我被記者堵住，不得不回答問題。)
* Recess
* (n.) 課間休息、(議會或法院的) 休庭、休會
* 為**不可數名詞**。常搭配 `in`、`during` 等介係詞。`winter/summer recess` 指「寒/暑假」。
* The kids run outside as soon as recess begins. (下課鈴一響，孩子們就跑出去了。)
* Parliament will be in recess for the next two weeks for the spring holiday. (議會將因春季假期在接下來的兩週內休會。)
* (n.) 深處、隱蔽處
* 通常**用複數形**** ****`recesses`**。指物理上隱蔽、幽暗、深邃的地方，或內心、思想的最深處。後面可接 `of N` 表地點。
* He hid the old photographs in the darkest recesses of his attic. (他將舊照片藏在閣樓最陰暗的深處。)
* She kept her true feelings in the deep recesses of her heart. (她把真實的情感藏在心靈深處。)
* Bump
* (v.) (無意中) 碰撞
* 常見用法為 `bump into N、bump sth against/on/into sth` (撞上...)。`bump up` 表「(價格、數量等) 大幅增加」。
* I accidentally bumped my head against the low ceiling while walking in the basement. (在地下室行走時，我不小心把頭撞到了低矮的天花板上。)
* They had to bump up the prices due to high demand. (因為需求大，他們不得不提高價格。)
* (n.) 碰撞；隆起、腫塊
* 為**可數名詞**。**`goosebumps`** (通常寫複數形) 指「雞皮疙瘩」，常見用法為 `give sb goosebumps`。
* I felt a violent bump when the car hit the tree. (當車子撞到樹時，我感覺到一陣猛烈的撞擊。)
* The baby developed a small bump on his forehead after falling off the couch. (寶寶從沙發上摔下來後，額頭上長了一個小腫塊。)
* The chilly wind and the scary movie gave me goosebumps all over my arms. (寒風和那部恐怖電影讓我全身起雞皮疙瘩。)
* Sprain (v./n.) 扭傷
* 常搭配 `ankle` (腳踝) 或 `wrist` (手腕)。
* She tripped over a rock and sprained her left ankle during the morning jog. (她在晨跑時被石頭絆倒，扭傷了左腳踝。)
* A severe sprain can be even more painful and take longer to heal than a broken bone. (嚴重的扭傷甚至可能比骨折更痛苦，且需要更長時間才能痊癒。)
* Ankle (n.) 腳踝
* `sprain one's ankle` 指「扭傷腳踝」。
* She wore a beautiful silver charm bracelet around her left ankle. (她在左腳踝戴了一條漂亮的銀色飾品手鍊。)
* Because of the deep snow, I had to wear boots that covered my ankles. (因為積雪很深，我必須穿著蓋過腳踝的靴子。)
* Brace
* (v.) 繃緊、支撐、加固
* 指支撐住某物或繃緊身體肌肉以應對衝擊。
* The sailors had to brace themselves against the mast as the giant waves hit the ship. (當巨浪襲擊船隻時，水手們必須抵住桅杆支撐住身體。)
* He braced the ladder against the wall. (他把梯子靠在牆上加固。)
* The structure was braced with steel beams. (結構用鋼樑加固。)
* (v.) 做好 (心理) 準備
* 通常是面對**不愉快的事物**。常見用法為 `brace oneself for N` (為...做準備)。
* You should brace yourself for some bad news regarding your recent job application. (你應該為關於你最近求職申請的一些壞消息做好心理準備。)
* Residents are bracing for a long, hot summer. (居民們正為炎熱的長夏做防範準備。)
* (n.) 支撐物、架子、護具
* The structure needs an extra metal brace to keep it stable. (這個結構需要一個額外的金屬支撐物來保持穩定。)
* He was recently fitted with a brace for his bad back. (他最近因為背部不好而裝了一個背部支撐架。)
* The doctor recommended a knee brace for my injury. (醫生建議我的傷處使用護膝。)
* (n.) 牙套
* 常見動詞搭配為 `wear` (戴牙套)。
* I had to wear a brace for my crooked teeth when I was a teenager. (我十幾歲時不得不戴牙套來矯正畸形的牙齒。)
* She is getting her braces removed next week. (她下週要拆牙套了。)
* Wobble
* (v.) 搖晃、抖動；動搖
* 指不穩固地擺動或搖晃，也可以指一個人的決定或信心產生動搖。
* The old wooden table wobbles every time I try to write on it, so I put a piece of folded paper under one leg. (這張舊木桌每次我想在上面寫字時都會搖晃，所以我拿了一張摺過的紙墊在其中一隻腳下。)
* The puppy's legs wobbled a little as it tried to walk across the slippery kitchen floor for the first time. (小狗第一次試著走過濕滑的廚房地板時，腿稍微抖了一下。)
* His confidence began to wobble under pressure. (壓力之下，他的自信心開始動搖。)
* (n.) 搖晃、抖動；動搖
* 為**可數名詞**。
* The plane landed with a slight wobble. (飛機落地時輕微晃動。)
* She’s having a bit of a wobble about the job offer. (她對這份工作錄取通知有點猶豫動搖了。)
* There was a temporary wobble in the stock market following the news of the bank's bankruptcy. (銀行破產的新聞傳出後，股市出現了暫時性的震盪。)
* Crutch
* (n.) 拐杖
* 指拄在腋下或前臂的拐杖，常用於在受傷後輔助步行。常用複數形 `crutches`。`on crutches` 指「拄著拐杖」。
* After the knee surgery, Tom had to walk on crutches for nearly two months. (在膝蓋手術後，Tom 必須撐著拐杖走將近兩個月。)
* He is lame in one leg and walks with the help of a crutch. (他一條腿跛了，拄著拐杖走路。)
* (n.) (心理上的) 支柱、依賴
* 為**可數名詞**。
* Using alcohol as a crutch to deal with stress will only lead to more problems in the future. (利用酒精作為應對壓力的支撐只會在未來導致更多問題。)
* Religion was her crutch in times of sorrow. (宗教是她憂傷時的支柱。)
* The book was simply a crutch to my memory. (那本書僅僅是我記憶的支柱。)
* Pretend
* (v.) 假裝、偽裝
* 後面常接 `to VR` 或 `that 子句`。請注意，`pretend` 指的是行為上的模仿或掩飾，與 `lie` (說謊) 不同。
* James pretended to be asleep when his mother came into the room to check on him. (當他媽媽進房間查看他時，James 假裝睡著了。)
* He pretended that he didn't hear the question so that he could have more time to think of an answer. (他假裝沒聽到那個問題，以便有更多時間想出答案。)
* (adj.) 假裝的、想像的、不真實的
* 主要放在名詞前。常見於兒童遊戲、裝扮或虛構場景中，如 `a pretend sword` (假劍)、`a pretend tea party` (假想茶會)、`a pretend play` (假扮遊戲、扮家家酒)。
* They held a pretend wedding. (他們舉行了一場假想婚禮。)
* They spent the afternoon having a pretend tea party with their dolls. (他們整個下午都在和他們的洋娃娃舉行假裝的茶話會。)
* Memorize (v.) 記住、背誦
* Students are often required to memorize long lists of historical dates before the final exam. (學生們通常被要求在期末考試前背誦長串的歷史日期。)
* The actor spent several weeks memorizing his lines for the upcoming play. (那名演員花了幾週時間背誦他即將演出的戲劇對白。)
* Vocabulary (n.) 字彙、詞彙量
* 通常視為**不可數名詞**。若要表示單個單字，可用 `word` 或在 `vocabulary` 後面加上 `item`，如 `three words` / `three vocabulary items`。
* Reading diverse books is one of the most effective ways to expand your English vocabulary. (閱讀各式各樣的書是增加你英文詞彙量最有效的方法之一。)
* To achieve a high score on the TOEFL test, you need to have **a broad vocabulary**. (要在托福考試中獲得高分，你需要擁有廣泛的字彙量。)
{% hint style="success" %}
當形容詞 (如 `large`, `great`, `broad` 等) 修飾不可數名詞並將其描述為「特定種類、程度或單一整體」的特性時，該名詞會被概念化為一個可數的單位，可搭配不定冠詞 `a`/`an`，故 `a broad vocabulary` 是正確的寫法。
{% endhint %}
* Ignore (v.) (故意) 忽視、不理睬
* 名詞形為 `ignorance` (無知)。
* If you ignore the warning lights on your car's dashboard, you might end up with a broken engine. (如果你無視車子儀表板上的警告燈，最後可能會導致引擎損壞。)
* She decided to ignore the rude comments on her social media post and focus on the positive feedback. (她決定不理會社群媒體貼文上的粗魯留言，並專注於正面回饋。)
* Existence (n.) 存在、生存
* 為**不可數名詞**，表「存在」、「生存」的抽象狀態。常見片語為 `come into existence` (產生、開始存在)、`in existence` (現存的)。
* Scientists are still searching for evidence of the existence of liquid water on distant planets. (科學家仍在尋找遙遠行星上存在液態水的證據。)
* I don't know when that custom came into existence. (我不知道那個習俗是什麼時候產生的。)
* Many ancient traditions and languages are no longer in existence due to the rapid pace of globalization. (由於全球化的快速步伐，許多古代傳統和語言已不復存在。)
* Intentionally (adv.) 故意地、有意地
* 名詞形為 `intention`；形容詞為 `intentional`。
* The player was penalized for intentionally tripping his opponent during the game. (那名球員因在比賽中故意絆倒對手而受到處罰。)
* I didn't mean to hurt your feelings; I didn't intentionally leave you out of the conversation. (我不是故意要傷你的心；我並非有意在對話中冷落你。)
* Couple
* (n.) 一對；夫妻、情侶
* `a couple of` 指「兩個」或「幾個」，**後接可數名詞**。
* The young couple decided to move to the countryside to start a more peaceful life together. (這對年輕夫婦決定搬到農村，一起開始更平靜的生活。)
* I only have a couple of pages left to read before I can finish this fascinating novel. (在讀完這本迷人的小說之前，我只剩下幾頁要讀了。)
* 'll be back in a couple of days. (我幾天後回來。)
* (v.) 連結、結合
* 常見用法為 [`coupled with N`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-13-pian-yu-zheng-li)。
* The electricity generator is coupled with the turbine. (發電機與渦輪機連接在一起。)
* High inflation, coupled with rising interest rates, has put significant pressure on small businesses. (高通貨膨脹加上利率上升，給小型企業帶來了巨大壓力。)
* Grip
* (n.) 緊握、抓牢
* She tightened her grip on my arm. (她更用力地抓住我的手臂。)
* You need to maintain a firm grip on the steering wheel when driving through heavy rain and strong winds. (在暴雨和大風中駕駛時，你需要緊緊握住方向盤。)
* (n.) 控制、掌握；理解
* 後面常接 `on sth`。
* The government has lost its grip on the economy.（政府已經失去了對經濟的控制。）
* The dictator had a tight grip on the country. (獨裁者嚴密控制著國家。)
* She is trying to get a better grip on the new technology. (她正試圖更深入掌握這項新技術。)
* I still don't have a full grip on the new software. (我對這個新軟體還沒完全掌握。)
* (n.) 握把、把手
* He adjusted the rubber grip on his tennis racket to improve his performance during the match. (他調整了網球拍上的橡膠手柄，以提高比賽中的表現。)
* (v.) 緊握、抓牢；(情感、恐懼) 籠罩、控制
* He gripped the wheel tighter and tried to regain control of the car. (他緊握方向盤，試圖重新控制車輛。)
* Race car tires grip the road much better than normal ones. (賽車輪胎的抓地力比一般輪胎還好。)
* Fear gripped the town after the mysterious disappearance. (神秘失蹤事件後，恐懼籠罩了整座城鎮。)
* (v.) 吸引 (注意力、情感)
* I was gripped throughout the entire two hours of the film. (整整兩個小時我都沉浸在這齣電影裡。)
* The suspense thriller gripped me from the very first page. (這本懸疑驚悚小說從第一頁就深深吸引我。)
* Confucius (n.) 孔子
* `Confucianism` 指「儒家思想」、`Confucian` 表「儒家的」，**首字須大寫**。
* The teachings of Confucius have profoundly shaped the moral and cultural values of East Asian societies for centuries. (孔子的教誨數世紀以來深刻影響了東亞社會的道德與文化價值觀。)
* The study of Confucianism is essential to understanding Chinese history. (研究儒家思想對理解中國歷史至關重要。)
* He is a famous Confucian scholar. (他是一位著名的儒家學者。)
* Teaching
* (n.) 教誨、教義、學說
* **常用複數形**** ****`teachings`**。
* The elder's teachings on forgiveness and compassion stayed with him throughout his entire life. (長者關於寬恕與慈悲的教誨伴隨了他一生。)
* He rejects the teachings of modern economics (他排斥現代經濟學的學說。)
* (n.) 教學行為、教職
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* The school implements various creative teaching methods to encourage student participation and critical thinking. (學校採用各種創意教學方法來鼓勵學生參與和批判性思考。)
* After working in the corporate world for ten years, Sarah decided to pursue a career in teaching. (在企業界工作十年後，Sarah 決定從事教學工作。)
作文百句 43 片語整理
## 片語
* Adj/Adv enough (for sb/sth) to VR 足以...
* The water in the pool is warm enough for the kids to swim in without catching a cold. (泳池裡的水夠暖和，足以讓孩子們在裡面游泳而不會感冒。)
* Sam didn't run fast enough to catch the last train after the late-night movie. (Sam 跑得不夠快，沒趕上看完深夜電影後的末班車。)
* `enough` 也可以當限定詞，放在可數或不可數名詞前面。
* We have enough evidence to prove that the defendant was at the scene of the crime. (我們有足夠的證據證明被告當時在犯罪現場。)
* Check out N
* 查看、觀察；檢查、核實
* We should check out that new Italian restaurant downtown; I heard their lasagna is amazing. (我們應該去瞧瞧市中心那家新開的義大利餐廳；我聽說他們的千層麵很棒。)
* I need to check out this information. (我需要核實這項資訊。)
* 辦理退房、出院 (`check out`)
* Please check out of the hotel before noon to avoid being charged for an extra day. (請在中午前辦理退房，以免被多收一天的費用。)
* The patient will check out of the hospital tomorrow. (病人明天將出院。)
* (在超市) 結帳 (`check out`)
* 名詞形為 `checkout`。
* I checked out at the self-service counter. (我在自助櫃檯結帳。)
* Please wait in the checkout line. (請在結帳隊伍等候。)
* From the corner of one's eye 用餘光看到、斜眼瞥見
* 指透過眼睛邊緣的視野注意到某物。`from` 可以替換成 `out of`。
* From the corner of her eye, she noticed her supervisor watching her every move. (她用餘光注意到她的主管正盯著她的一舉一動。)
* I caught a glimpse of a black cat darting across the alley out of the corner of my eye. (我用餘光瞥見一隻黑貓竄過小巷。)
* Not to mention N/V-ing 更不用說...、更別提...
* 用來補充資訊並強調後者比前者程度更甚。通常置於句中，**前面需加逗號區隔**。與 `to say nothing of` 的意思與用法相似。
* The island is famous for its crystal clear water, not to mention its white sandy beaches and luxury resorts. (這座島嶼以其清澈見底的海水聞名，更不用說其白沙灘與奢華渡假村了。)
* Terry can't even make instant noodles, not to mention cooking a big meal. (Terry 連泡麵都不會煮，更不用說煮大餐了。)
* He speaks five languages fluently, not to mention the fact that he is a professional concert pianist. (他能流利地說五種語言，更不用說他還是一位專業的音樂會鋼琴家這個事實了。)
* The company has faced several lawsuits, to say nothing of the damage to its public reputation. (該公司面臨了幾起訴訟，更不用說對其公眾聲譽造成的損害了。)
* He makes millions on his investments alone, to say nothing of his profits from his business. (單是投資他就賺了幾百萬，更不用說他生意上的獲利了。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### `Let alone` 更不用說...、更別提...
和上述片語意思相近，但**須用於否定句之後**，強調前述情況已不可能，後述情況更不可能。請注意，`let alone` 後面接的詞性應與前面被比較的詞性一致，即**前後須為**[**對等結構**](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-5-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
* I can't even *\[walk]*, let alone *\[run]*. (我連走路都沒辦法，更別提跑步了。)
* She already struggled with *\[walking]*, let alone *\[running]*. (她走路都很困難，更別說跑步了。)
* I'm barely strong enough to *\[lift this box]*, let alone *\[carry it up the stairs]*! (我幾乎沒力氣舉起這箱子，更別提搬上樓！)
* I can't even afford *\[a bicycle]*, let alone *\[a brand new sports car]*. (我連腳踏車都買不起了，遑論一輛全新的跑車。)
* The house is *\[unlivable]*, let alone *\[saleable]*. (這房子不能住，更不用說賣了。)
{% endhint %}
* Bump into sb/sth 撞到...；巧遇...
* 除了指「撞到」，接 `sb` 時，還能指「巧遇」。
* The driver lost control of the car and bumped into a lamp post on the side of the road. (司機失去了對汽車的控制，撞到了路邊的燈柱。)
* Be careful not to bump into the coffee table when you walk across the room in the dark. (黑暗中走過房間時，小心不要撞到咖啡桌。)
* I bumped into my elementary school teacher while I was walking through the shopping mall. (我在逛購物中心時巧遇了我的國小老師。)
* Fall to N
* 墜落到...；降至、跌落到某種狀態或數值
* The vase fell to the floor and broke. (花瓶掉到地板上摔碎了。)
* After the long hike, he was so exhausted that he fell to the ground as soon as he reached the camp. (長途跋涉後，他筋疲力竭，一到營地就倒在地上。)
* The temperature fell to zero. (溫度降到了零度。)
* The shares fell to a new low. (股價跌至新低。)
* (責任、工作) 落到某人頭上
* When the manager resigned unexpectedly, the task of leading the project fell to Sarah. (當經理意外辭職時，領導該專案的任務就落到了 Sarah 頭上。)
* The task will fall to the newest member of the team. (任務將落到團隊最新成員的頭上。)
* 陷於 (某種狀態)
* 指從正常狀態轉變為較差或特殊的狀態。`fall to pieces` 表「崩潰」、「瓦解」、「散架」，形容人因壓力大而情緒失控，或指物體、關係、系統破碎破壞。
* The old kingdom finally fell to the invading army after a three-month siege. (在長達三個月的圍攻後，古老王國最終陷落於入侵軍隊之手。)
* The old house has fallen into disrepair. (老房子已破舊不堪。
* After the divorce, she completely fell to pieces. (離婚後，她徹底崩潰了。)
* 開始 (做某事)
* 指開始行動，特別是開始工作、吃飯。
* After a long hike, they were ready to fall to the delicious meal. (長途跋涉後，他們準備好大快朵頤這頓美味的飯菜。)
* They fell to eating before the guest arrived. (客人在到來之前，他們就開始吃了。)
* On crutches 撐著拐杖 (的狀態)
* 表「行動不便需要撐拐杖」的狀態，因為標準的輔助通常是成對的，所以會用**複數形**。本文寫 `on a crutch` 是強調作者當時只撐著一支拐杖。
* It's difficult to open doors when you are on crutches. (撐著拐杖時很難開門。)
* Since he broke his leg skiing, Tommy has been on crutches for six weeks. (自從滑雪摔斷腿後，Tommy 已經撐了六週的拐杖了。)
* He had to wobble along on a single crutch because the other one was broken. (他只好撐著一支拐杖搖搖晃晃地走，因為另一支壞了。) → 強調其中一支。
* To one's + 情緒名詞 令某人...的是
* 例如 `to one's surprise`、`to one's relief` (令某人鬆了一口氣的是)、`to one's regret`、`to one's horror` (令某人驚恐的是)、`to one's disappointment`。通常至於句首，並以逗號隔開後面的句子。
* To his utter surprise, his girlfriend proposed to him during their anniversary dinner. (令他極度驚訝的是，他的女朋友在週年慶晚餐上向他求婚了。)
* To our great relief, the missing child was found safe and sound near the park. (令我們大為放心的是，失蹤的孩子在公園附近被平安無事地找到了。)
* To my deep regret, I didn't get the chance to say goodbye to my grandfather before he passed away. (令我深感遺憾的是，在祖父去世前，我沒有機會跟他道別。)
* Give up
* 放棄；戒掉習慣
* 詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-33-pian-yu-zheng-li)。
* `give up on N` 表「對...感到絕望」、「放棄對...的期待」。請注意，它更偏向於「**心態**」、「**情感**」上的放棄，與 `give up N` (放棄) 的語意不同。
* Doctors gave up on him. (醫生對他已不再抱希望。)
* Never give up on your dreams. (不要放棄夢想。)
* I'm not ready to give up on our relationship despite the challenges we are facing. (儘管我們面臨挑戰，我還沒準備好放棄我們的關係。)
* 讓出 (座位)
* The kind gentleman gave up his seat to the pregnant woman as soon as she boarded the bus. (在孕婦上車後，那位好心的先生立即就把座位讓給了她。)
* Of one's age 與某人同年齡的、同歲數的
* It is surprising to find someone of my age who shares the exact same hobbies and interests. (很驚訝能找到一個跟我同年齡、且有完全相同愛好和興趣的人。)
* Pretend to VR/that 子句 假裝...
* The boy closed his eyes and pretended to be asleep when he heard his father's footsteps. (當男孩聽到父親的腳步聲時，他閉上眼睛假裝睡著了。)
* Don't pretend to know the answer if you really have no idea what the teacher is talking about. (如果你真的不知道老師在說什麼，就不要假裝知道答案。)
* She pretended that everything was fine, even though she was feeling extremely sad inside. (儘管她內心感到極度悲傷，她仍假裝一切都很好。)
* Be busy V-ing / with N 忙於...
* 若要強調正在進行的動作，用 `V-ing`；若要強調忙碌的對象或事物，用 `with N`。
* She is busy preparing for her final presentation, so she won't be able to join us for dinner. (她正忙於準備期末簡報，所以無法加入我們的晚餐。)
* Don't disturb your father while he is busy working in the study. (當你父親在書房忙著工作時，不要打擾他。)
* The marketing team is busy with the new product launch scheduled for next Monday. (行銷團隊正忙於計畫下週一的新產品發布。)
* A couple of 幾個
* 後面必須接**可數名詞**。
* I need to pick up a couple of items from the grocery store before it closes. (在雜貨店關門前，我需要去買幾樣東西。)
* Let's wait for a couple of minutes to see if the rain stops before we head out. (在出發前，我們等個幾分鐘看看雨會不會停。)
* Dawn on sb 某人突然意識到
* 常見用法為 `it dawns on sb that...` (某人突然意識到某事)。
* The seriousness of the situation dawned on him only after he saw the news on television. (直到他在電視上看到新聞後，他才意識到情況的嚴重性。)
* It finally dawned on me that I had been holding the map upside down the entire time. (我終於意識到我一直以來都把地圖拿反了。)
* It suddenly dawned on her that she had left the oven on before leaving the house. (她突然意識到她在離開家之前沒關烤箱。)
* **Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you.** 己所不欲，勿施於人。
* Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you is a universal moral principle found in many cultures. (「己所不欲，勿施於人」是存在於許多文化中的普世道德準則。)
作文百句 43 補充資料
## 文章分析
本文第一段描寫主角因身心疲憊，故選擇在博愛座上休息，並透過查看朋友動態這種極其日常的行為，襯托出他對外界 (尤其是那名老人) 的冷漠與隔絕。文章此處用 `too tired to raise my head` 這種生理狀態的描寫，為其後的道德瑕疵提供了人性化的基調，而非一味的批判。
第二段，作者利用一場突發的籃球意外，將主角從「忽略者」的角色強行推向「受難者」的位置。文中對於主角受傷後 `wobble on a crutch` 的細節描寫，成功營造出視覺上的不安與心理上的脆弱感。第三段，主角在另一名學生身上看見了過去的自己，這種照鏡子般的自省，使得 `which was what I had done` 這一句話更加深刻。結尾處，作者以孔子的經典言論收束，將文章的層次再度提高。
## 寫作補給站
#### 常見醫療輔具
* Assistive device (n. phr.) 輔具
* 為**可數名詞**。指任何能幫助身障者、受傷者或老年人完成日常任務的裝置。
* The hospital provides various assistive devices to help patients regain their independence during recovery. (醫院提供各種輔具，幫助病人在恢復期間重新獲得獨立能力。)
* Advanced assistive devices, such as voice-controlled computers, have changed the lives of many people with disabilities. (先進的輔具，如語音控制電腦，改變了許多殘疾人士的生活。)
* Wheelchair (n.) 輪椅
* 為**可數名詞**。`be in a wheelchair` 指「坐輪椅」。
* Since the car accident, James has been in a wheelchair, but he remains optimistic about his future. (自從車禍後，James 一直坐著輪椅，但他對未來仍保持樂觀。)
* The new shopping mall is fully accessible to people in wheelchairs, with ramps and wide elevators. (新購物中心對坐輪椅的人完全開放，設有坡道和寬敞的電梯。)
* Walker (n.) 助行器、助行架
* 也常被稱為 `Zimmer frame` (`Zimmer` 的**首字要大寫**)。兩者皆為**可數名詞**。指那種有四隻腳、使用者可以推著走並提供支撐的架子。
* My grandfather uses a walker to get around the house safely after his hip replacement surgery. (我祖父在接受髖關節置換手術後，使用助行器在屋子裡安全走動。)
* The physical therapist adjusted the height of the walker to ensure the patient maintained proper posture. (物理治療師調整了助行器的高度，以確保病人保持正確的姿勢。)
* Cane (n.) 手杖、單支拐杖
* 為**可數名詞**。指最基本的單點支撐手杖，與 `crutch` 不同。
* She walks with a cane after her knee surgery. (她膝蓋手術後拄著拐杖走路。)
* Grandpa takes along a cane when he goes out for a walk. (爺爺出去散步時總要帶根手杖。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 進階詞彙
* `quad cane` 四腳拐杖
* 底部有四個支點，提供更好的穩定性。請注意，它和 `walker` 或 `Zimmer frame` 是不一樣的東西。
* My grandmother feels much more confident walking in the garden when she has her quad cane for extra balance. (當我祖母拿著四腳拐杖來增加平衡感時，她在花園裡散步感到有信心得多。)
* `white cane` 導盲手杖、白手杖
* 是視障者專用的行動輔具。
* Please yield to people with a white cane. (請禮讓持白手杖的人。)
* The white cane helps visually impaired people detect obstacles. (白手杖幫助視障人士偵測障礙物。)
{% endhint %}
* Cast (n.) 石膏、石膏固定
* 為**可數名詞**。常見用法為 `have/wear a cast on (one's leg/arm)`。
* She had to wear a cast on her right arm for six weeks after she fell off her bicycle. (她騎腳踏車摔倒後，右臂必須打上石膏六週。)
* All of her classmates signed their names on her leg cast to cheer her up. (所有的同學都在她腿上的石膏上簽名，為她加油打氣。)
* Sling (n.) 吊帶、掛帶
* 為**可數名詞**。指用來支撐受傷手臂的布帶。常見用法為 `have one's arm in a sling`。
* Even though his arm was in a sling, he still tried to take notes during the lecture. (儘管他的手臂掛在吊帶裡，他仍試著在講座中做筆記。)
* The doctor instructed him to keep his shoulder in a sling to allow the muscles to heal properly. (醫生指示他將肩膀放在吊帶中，以便肌肉能正常癒合。)
* Splint
* (n.) 副木、夾板
* 為**可數名詞**。指用於支撐或固定受傷肢體 (如骨折或脫臼) 的堅硬裝置。
* The doctor applied a splint on his right forearm. (醫生在他的右前臂上打了夾板。)
* The emergency responders used a sugar tong splint to stabilize the patient's fractured wrist before transporting him to the hospital. (急救人員在將病人送往醫院前，使用糖夾式副木固定了其受傷的手腕。)
* (v.) 用夾板固定
* In an emergency, you can use a sturdy branch or a thick piece of cardboard to splint a broken limb. (在緊急情況下，你可以使用堅固的樹枝或厚紙板來固定折斷的肢體。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 進階詞彙
以下補充幾個常見的 `splint` 類型，有興趣可以上網深入了解它們的差異。
* `sugar tong splint` 糖夾式副木：因形狀像夾糖果的夾子而得名，常用於前臂或腳踝骨折，能限制旋轉動作。
* `SAM splint` 鋁合金捲式副木：一種輕便、可彎曲的緊急救護用副木。
* `finger splint` 手指夾板：用於固定受傷的手指。
{% endhint %}
* Glasses (n.) 眼鏡
* **恆為複數名詞**。若要計量，可以用 `a pair of`。
* He was diagnosed with severe nearsightedness, so he has to wear his glasses at all times while driving. (他被診斷出患有嚴重近視，因此開車時必須全程佩戴眼鏡。)
* I need to get a new pair of glasses because my astigmatism has worsened over the past year. (我需要配一副新眼鏡，因為我的散光在過去一年裡惡化了。)
* Many elderly people keep multiple pairs of reading glasses around the house so they can always find one when they need to read the news. (許多老人會在家中各處放幾副老花眼鏡，以便需要看新聞時總能找到一副。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 進階詞彙
以下補充一些醫學專有名詞，可以記憶與自己相關的就好。
* Prescription glasses 處方眼鏡：泛指所有經眼科醫師或驗光師檢查後，為矯正視力而配戴的「度數眼鏡」，近視眼鏡、遠視眼鏡、散光矯正、老花眼鏡都包含在內。
* Nearsightedness / Myopia 近視：`glasses for nearsightedness/myopia` 指「近視眼鏡」。
* Farsightedness / Hyperopia 遠視：`glasses for farsightedness/hyperopia` 指「遠視眼鏡」。
* Astigmatism 散光：`astigmatism glasses` 指「散光眼鏡」。
* Presbyopia 老花：`reading glasses` 指「老花眼鏡」。
{% endhint %}
* Hearing aid (n. phr.) 助聽器
* 為**可數名詞**。
* Modern hearing aids are so small and sophisticated that they are almost invisible to other people. (現代助聽器非常小巧精緻，以至於對其他人來說幾乎是隱形的。)
* The audiologist adjusted the settings on the patient's hearing aid to filter out background noise more effectively. (聽力師調整了病患助聽器的設定，以更有效地過濾背景噪音。)
#### 名言
以下提供幾個與本文主題相關的名言。
* **Treat others as you would like to be treated.** 以你希望被對待的方式對待他人。
* 這是西方最著名的道德準則。相對於孔子的「己所不欲，勿施於人」(否定句)，這句話是肯定句，強調要「主動」以自己希望被對待的方式去對待他人。
* Treat others as you would like to be treated is a simple yet powerful rule that can prevent countless conflicts in our daily lives. (「以你希望被對待的方式對待他人」是一條簡單卻強大的規則，能防止我們日常生活中的無數衝突。)
* If everyone followed the principle to treat others as they would like to be treated, the world would be a much kinder place for the elderly and the disabled. (如果每個人都遵循「以希望被對待的方式對待他人」的原則，這世界對老人和身心障礙者來說會是一個更友善的地方。)
* **You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view.** 除非你設身處地從對方的角度來看待事物，否則你永遠無法真正理解一個人。
* 也可以寫成 **`You never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.`**。
* Atticus Finch's famous advice that you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view taught me the importance of empathy. (阿提克斯·芬奇的名言「除非你設身處地從對方的角度來看待事物，否則你永遠無法真正理解一個人」，教會了我同理心的重要性。)
* It wasn't until I had to walk on crutches that I understood the quote: "You never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it." (直到我必須撐拐杖走路，我才真正理解了那句話：「除非你設身處地從對方的角度來看待事物，否則你永遠無法真正理解一個人。」)
* **Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.** 任何地方的不公不義，都威脅著所有地方的公平正義。
* 馬丁·路德·金恩 (Martin Luther King Jr.) 的名言。強調社會中的每一個人都環環相扣，任何人的權利受損 (例如老人沒位子坐)，最終都會威脅到整體的公義。
* We should care about the rights of the minority because injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (我們應該關心少數人的權利，因為任何地方的不公義都是對所有地方公義的威脅。)
* The student realized that ignoring the needs of the elderly was wrong, remembering that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (這名學生意識到忽視老人的需求是錯誤的，並記住了「任何地方的不公義都是對所有地方公義的威脅」。)
* **Empathy is about standing in someone else's shoes, feeling with his or her heart, and seeing with his or her eyes.** 同理心就是站在對方的立場思考、體會對方的感受，並以對方的視角看待事物。
* 可以擷取三個部分的其中幾個就好，不一定要全部引用。
* Empathy is about standing in someone else's shoes and understanding their struggles before passing any judgment. (同理心是在做出任何評判之前，站在別人的角度並理解他們的掙扎。)
* To build a more inclusive society, we must learn that empathy is about feeling with someone else's heart and seeing with their eyes. (為了建立一個更具包容性的社會，我們必須學會同理心就是用別人的心去感受，用別人的眼睛去看。)
## 寫作建議
寫作時，可以嘗試建立一種「因果報應」或「對稱」的架構，讓主角在故事結尾承受他當初施加給別人的同樣行為，用切身經歷說明你想表達的理念，會使文章更有說服力。
## 44.
1. This **bar graph** shows the kinds of business young adults in Taiwan would like to start as an **alternative to** working for established companies. 70% of people **surveyed** said they'd like to **get involved with handicrafts**, making and selling their own goods. **Meanwhile**, the **notion** of owning a cafe was also popular, **with** 62% of people **showing interest**. Other popular choices were **managing social media**, **running a mobile food truck**, working as a tour guide, and becoming an **Internet celebrity**.
2. **Given** the choice of these six careers, I'd like to be a tour guide. On large group tours organized by **travel agencies**, everyone is always **rushed** from place to place. If I **were** my own boss, however, I **could** give tours to **individuals** or very small groups, and spend more time getting to know Taiwan. I'm **passionate about** my country, and I love **regaling** people **with** its history; furthermore, I also love Taiwanese **cuisine**, so I could show everyone the best places to eat! Ultimately, these reasons make being a tour guide the ideal **vocation** for me.
作文百句 44 單字整理
## 單字
* Business
* (n.) 生意、商務、公事
* 指一般的商業活動、貿易或交易，為**不可數名詞**。常用的片語如下：
* `on business` 出差、辦公事
* `do business with sb` 與某人做生意。
* `none of your business` 不關你的事、與你無關：用來強烈拒絕他人探聽隱私、干涉私事或詢問不該問的問題。
* `mind your own business` 管好你自己的事、少管閒事、別干涉他人隱私：常在拒絕回答私人問題或斥責他人愛管閒事時使用，也可以指「做自己的事」或「各忙各的」。
* Business has been slow lately due to the global economic recession. (由於全球經濟衰退，近來生意一直很冷淡。)
* My father is currently in Singapore on business and will be back next Monday. (我父親目前在新加坡出差，下週一回來。)
* I’m sorry, but your personal financial situation is none of my business. (抱歉，你的個人財務狀況不關我的事。)
* Stop sticking your nose into my affairs! Mind your own business! (別探聽我的私事！管好你自己的事！)
* (n.) 公司、企業、店鋪
* 為**可數名詞**。`family business` 指「家族企業」。
* The two brothers established a clothing retailing business. (這兄弟倆建立了一家服裝零售企業。)
* After years of hard work, they finally turned their small family business into a successful international firm. (經過多年的努力，他們終於將家族小企業轉變成一家成功的國際公司。)
* Alternative
* (n.) 替代方案、(二選一的) 另一個選擇
* 常見用法為 `alternative to N` (...的替代方案)。
* There is no alternative to this plan. (此計劃別無替代。)
* Solar power is a clean alternative to fossil fuels for generating electricity. (太陽能是發電時取代化石燃料的一種清潔替代方案。)
* (adj.) 非傳統的、另類的；替代的
* The gallery focuses on alternative art that challenges traditional perspectives. (這家畫廊專注於挑戰傳統觀點的另類藝術。)
* Some people believe in the benefits of alternative medicine. (有些人相信替代醫學的好處。)
* Since the main road was blocked by the landslide, we had to find an alternative route to the airport. (由於主幹道被土石流阻塞，我們不得不找一條通往機場的替代路線。)
* Established (adj.) 穩固的、建立已久的；聲譽卓著的
* 動詞形為 `establish`。常用於形容公司、法律、制度或名聲非常穩固。
* Working for an established company often provides more stability and better benefits for young professionals. (為一家老牌公司工作通常能為年輕專業人士提供更多穩定性和更好的福利。)
* The established rules of the competition must be strictly followed by all participants. (所有參賽者必須嚴格遵守既定的比賽規則。)
* Professor Lin is an established authority in the field of quantum physics. (林教授是量子物理領域享有盛譽的權威。)
* Company
* (n.) 公司
* 為**可數名詞**。
* The tech company is looking for creative designers to join their new marketing team. (這家科技公司正在尋找創意設計師加入他們的新行銷團隊。)
* (n.) 陪伴
* 指「陪伴」或「相處」的狀態，為**不可數名詞**。常見搭配為 `keep sb company` (陪伴某人)、`in the company of sb` (在某人的陪伴下)。
* I really enjoy your company; time always seems to fly when we are together. (我非常享受你的陪伴；我們在一起時時間似乎總是過得很快。)
* My dog keeps me company when my wife is travelling. (我妻子旅行時，我的狗會陪著我。)
* The hikers felt safer traveling in the company of an experienced mountain guide. (在經驗豐富的登山嚮導陪伴下，登山者們感到更安全。)
* Involve (v.) 包含、涉及；使參與、牽涉
* 描述一個活動所包含的內容，或使某人參與某事。`be involved in/with N/V-ing` 表「參與...」、「與...有關聯」。
* The new government project involves several major changes to the current tax system. (這項政府新計畫涉及對現行稅制的幾項重大變革。)
* Setting up a cafe involves a great deal of planning and financial investment. (開一家咖啡店需要大量的規劃和財務投資。)
* Parents are encouraged to be more involved in their children's school activities. (我們鼓勵家長更多地參與孩子的學校活動。)
* Handicraft (n.) 手工藝、手工藝品
* 指手工製作的技術或行業時為**不可數名詞**；指具體的手工製品時為**可數名詞**，且**常用複數形**** ****`handicrafts`**。
* In the age of mass production, many people still appreciate the unique beauty of traditional handicraft. (在大規模生產的時代，許多人仍然欣賞傳統手工藝的獨特美感。)
* The competition which threatens local handicraft comes with the rise of world commerce. (威脅本地手工業的競爭隨世界貿易的興起而來。)
* The local market is famous for its exquisite handicrafts, such as hand-woven baskets and pottery. (當地的市場以其精美的手工藝品聞名，如手工編織的籃子和陶器。)
* Good
* (n.) 商品、貨物
* **恆用複數形**** ****`goods`**。`consumer goods` 指「消費品」，指直接賣給最終消費者、用於個人生活需求的商品。
* All the goods in the store are currently on sale with a fifty percent discount. (店裡所有的商品目前都在五折促銷中。)
* The report focuses on the market for household consumer goods. (該報告聚焦於家庭消費品市場。)
* (n.) 利益、好處、福祉
* 為**不可數名詞**。`for the good of N` 指「為了...的好處」。
* The charity organization works tirelessly for the public good. (該慈善組織為了公眾利益不懈努力。)
* The doctor made the difficult decision for the good of the patient's long-term health. (為了病患的長期健康，醫生做出了艱難的決定。)
* We need to make this decision for the good of everyone. (我們需要做此決定是為了大家的好處。)
* Notion (n.) 想法、概念、念頭
* 常指一種不一定有事實根據，或較為模糊、突然產生的看法。
* She rejected the notion that success is determined solely by one's academic performance. (她拒絕接受成功僅由學業表現決定的這種想法。)
* The traditional notion that men should be the sole breadwinners is changing in modern society. (在現代社會，男人應該是唯一養家糊口的人這種傳統觀念正在改變。)
* Jeremy had a sudden notion to quit his stable job and travel around the world. (Jeremy 突然產生一個辭職去環遊世界的念頭。)
* Popular (adj.) 受歡迎的、流行的
* 常見用法為 `be popular with/among sb` (受...歡迎)。
* This seaside resort is extremely popular with young couples during the summer holiday. (這個海濱渡假村在暑假期間非常受年輕情侶歡迎。)
* The notion of working remotely has become increasingly popular among office workers. (遠距辦公的概念在上班族中變得越來越受歡迎。)
* Interest
* (n.) 興趣、好奇心；利息
* 為**不可數名詞**。常見用法為 `show interest in N` (對...展現興趣)。
* Despite the difficult subject, the students showed a great interest in learning about space exploration. (儘管主題艱深，學生們對學習太空探索仍表現出極大的興趣。)
* The bank offers a high interest rate of three percent for all new savings accounts. (銀行為所有新的儲蓄帳戶提供百分之三的高利率。)
* (v.) 使感興趣
* Classical history has always interested me since I visited the ancient ruins in Rome. (自從我參觀了羅馬的古蹟後，古典歷史一直讓我感興趣。)
* 其他意思詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-23-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* Manage
* (v.) 經營、管理
* 形容詞為 `manageable` (可處理的)。
* It takes a lot of experience and patience to manage a team of diverse individuals effectively. (有效地管理一個由多元化個體組成的團隊需要大量的經驗和耐心。)
* If you want to expand your business, you must learn how to manage your finances more wisely. (如果你想擴張業務，你必須學習如何更聰明地管理財務。)
* (v.) 設法做到
* 常見用法為 `manage to VR`。
* Despite the heavy traffic, Alana managed to arrive at the interview just in time. (儘管交通擁擠，Alana 還是設法準時趕到了面試現場。)
* Social media (n.) 社群媒體
* 雖然 `media` 是 `medium` 的複數，但 `social media` 通常被視為一個整體的概念，作為**不可數名詞**使用，**後面接單數動詞**。
* Advertising on social media has become a key strategy for small businesses to reach younger customers. (在社群媒體上打廣告已成為小企業接觸年輕客戶的關鍵策略。)
* Many experts are worried that spending too much time on social media can negatively affect teenagers' self-esteem. (許多專家擔心在社群媒體上花費太多時間會對青少年的自尊產生負面影響。)
* Run (v.) 經營、運作、管理
* 指經營或掌管一個企業、組織或機器。`run a business/store` 表「開公司/店」。
* It is not easy to run a mobile food truck because you have to constantly worry about finding a legal parking spot. (經營移動餐車並不容易，因為你必須經常擔心找不到合法的停車位。)
* My aunt runs a small bakery downtown that is famous for its fresh sourdough bread. (我阿姨在市中心經營一家小麵包店，以其新鮮的酸種麵包聞名。)
* The local government is trying to find more efficient ways to run public transportation systems. (當地政府正試圖尋找更有效率的方式來運作大眾運輸系統。)
* Mobile (adj.) 可移動的、行動式的
* 指某物可以被移動或位置不固定，如 `mobile phone/app`。
* The library launched a mobile book service to bring reading materials to children in remote mountain villages. (圖書館推出了行動圖書服務，將閱讀材料帶給偏遠山村的孩子們。)
* Because the new robot is highly mobile, it can easily navigate through tight spaces in the warehouse. (因為這台新機器人具有高度移動性，它可以輕鬆穿過倉庫中的狹窄空間。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### Motile (adj.) 能動的、具有活動能力的
* 常用於生物學，指生物體或細胞具有自主且獨立的運動能力 (如精子、微生物)。與 `mobile` 意思不同，請勿混用。
* Scientists observed that the bacteria were motile, using their flagella to swim toward the source of nutrients. (科學家觀察到這些細菌具有運動能力，利用其鞭毛向營養來源游去。)
* We analyzed the percentage of motile sperm in the sample. (我們分析了樣本中活動精子的百分比。)
{% endhint %}
* Food truck (n.) 餐車
* The food truck parked outside the office building offers a wide variety of delicious tacos and burritos. (停在辦公大樓外的餐車提供各種美味的塔可餅和捲餅。)
* Many young entrepreneurs choose to start with a food truck because the initial investment is much lower than opening a traditional restaurant. (許多年輕創業者選擇從餐車開始，因為初始投資比開一家傳統餐廳低得多。)
* Tour guide (n.) 導遊、嚮導
* Our tour guide was extremely knowledgeable and shared many fascinating stories about the historical landmarks. (我們的導遊非常博學，分享了許多關於歷史古蹟的迷人故事。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 補充
* Tour
* (n.) 觀光旅遊、旅行團
* 指一段有計畫的旅程，通常會造訪多個地點後回到原點。`guided tour` 指「有導覽的行程」；`walking tour` 指「步行導覽」。常見用法為 `take a tour (of place)`。
* We took a short tour through the university campus. (我們在校園稍微參觀一下。)
* The museum offers a free guided tour every Saturday morning for visitors who want to learn more about the exhibits. (博物館每週六早上為想進一步了解展品的訪客提供免費的導覽行程。)
* (n.) 巡演
* `on tour` 表「正在巡迴演出」。
* The band is currently on a world tour. (這個樂團目前正在進行世界巡迴演唱。)
* After the new album was released, the rock band spent six months on tour across Europe and North America. (新專輯發行後，這支搖滾樂團花了六個月的時間在歐洲和北美巡迴演出。)
* (v.) 旅遊、參觀；巡演；巡視
* My parents are planning to tour the historic cities of Italy and Greece during their summer vacation. (我父母正計畫在暑假期間前往義大利和希臘的歷史城市旅遊。)
* The prospective buyers spent the afternoon touring the house to check for any potential repairs. (潛在買家花了一下午的時間參觀這棟房子，以檢查是否有任何潛在的維修需求。)
* The band is currently touring to promote the new album. (該樂隊目前正在巡迴以推廣新專輯。)
* The prime minister toured the flooded regions. (總理視察了洪水災區。)
* Guide
* (n.) 導遊；指南；準則
* `travel/field guide` 指「旅遊/野外指南」；`a guide to N` 指「某事物的指南」。
* We hired a local guide to help us navigate through the dense rainforest safely. (我們僱用了一位當地導遊，幫助我們在茂密的雨林中安全穿行。)
* This handbook serves as a comprehensive guide to starting your own small business from scratch. (這本手冊是從零開始創業的全面指南。)
* Let your conscience be your guide whenever you are faced with a difficult moral dilemma. (每當你面臨艱難的道德困境時，讓你的良知成為你的準則。)
* (v.) 引導、指導
* 引領某人前往某處，或在精神、決策上提供指導。`guide sb through sth` 指「引領某人完成某事」。名詞形為 `guidance`。
* The light guided them back to the harbor. (燈光引導他們返回港口。)
* The experienced teacher guided the students through the complex process of writing their first research paper. (經驗豐富的老師引導學生完成撰寫第一篇研究論文的複雜過程。)
{% endhint %}
* Career (n.) 事業、職業生涯
* 為**可數名詞**。相較於 `job` (具體職位) 或 `work` (工作的行為)，`career` 強調的是「長期的專業發展路徑」，如 `career path` (職業道路)。
* Choosing the right career is one of the most important decisions a person will make in their lifetime. (選擇正確的事業是一個人一生中會做出的最重要的決定之一。)
* Attending workshops and seminars is a great way to advance your career and learn new skills. (參加工作坊和研討會是晉升事業和學習新技能的好方法。)
* Joseph had a long and successful career in the financial industry before deciding to retire early. (Joseph 在決定提早退休之前，在金融業有著長期且成功的職業生涯。)
* Organize (v.) 組織、籌劃；整理
* 形容詞為 `organized` (有條理的)；名詞形為 `organization` (組織)。
* The students decided to organize a charity concert to raise money for the local animal shelter. (學生們決定籌辦一場慈善音樂會，為當地的動物收容所募款。)
* It is important to organize your thoughts before you start writing a formal essay or report. (在開始撰寫正式論文或報告之前，整理好你的思緒是很重要的。)
* She spent the entire weekend organizing her bookshelf by genre and author name. (她花了整個週末按類型和作者姓名整理她的書架。)
* Agency (n.) 代理機構、服務機構；行政機構
* 指專門提供某種服務的代理店、公司，或指政府的局、處、署等行政機關，如 `travel agency` (旅行社)、`employment agency` (職業介紹所)、`talent agency` (演藝經紀公司)、`space agency` (太空總署)。
* Since we were planning a complex trip through Europe, we decided to seek help from a professional travel agency. (由於我們計畫進行一場複雜的歐洲之旅，我們決定尋求專業旅行社的幫助。)
* Many actors and models rely on their talent agency to find new job opportunities and negotiate contracts. (許多演員和模特兒依靠他們的經紀公司來尋找新的工作機會並洽談合約。)
* The local agency is responsible for providing clean water and electricity to all residents in the district. (當地的行政機構負責為該地區的所有居民提供乾淨的水和電力。)
* Boss
* (n.) 老闆、上司
* 通常不會直接對上司說 "Hello, boss."，比較禮貌的方式是用名字稱呼或職稱。`boss` 較多用於**向第三方描述自己的上司**。
* My boss is very supportive and always encourages us to take on new challenges and learn new skills. (我的老闆非常支持我們，總是鼓勵我們接受新挑戰並學習新技能。)
* James decided to quit his job and start his own business because he wanted to be his own boss. (James 決定辭職創業，因為他想當自己的老闆。)
* (v.) 管理、指揮
* `boss sb around` 表「對某人發號施令、頤指氣使」。
* He bossed the project and ensured its success. (他管理這個項目並確保了它的成功。)
* Please stop trying to boss everyone around; we are a team and should make decisions together. (請不要再對每個人頤指氣使了；我們是一個團隊，應該一起做決定。)
* Individual
* (n.) 個人、個體
* 指相對於集體或群體的「單獨一個人」，為**可數名詞**。
* Each individual has a unique set of talents and perspectives that can contribute to the success of the company. (每個人都有一套獨特的才能和觀點，可以為公司的成功做出貢獻。)
* We must respect the rights of the individual while also considering the welfare of the entire community. (我們必須尊重個人的權利，同時也要考慮整個社群的福祉。)
* (adj.) 個別的
* The coach provides individual attention to each player to help them improve their specific weaknesses. (教練給予每位球員個別的關注，以幫助他們改善特定的弱點。)
* Passionate (adj.) 熱情的、狂熱的
* 名詞形為 [`passion`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-12-dan-zi-zheng-li)。常見用法為 `be passionate about N/V-ing`。
* He gave a passionate speech about the importance of protecting our oceans from plastic pollution. (他發表了一場關於保護海洋免受塑膠污染重要性的慷慨激昂的演說。)
* As a passionate advocate for animal rights, she volunteers at the local shelter every weekend. (作為一名熱衷於動物權利的倡導者，她每個週末都在當地的收容所當志工。)
* You need to be passionate about your work if you want to achieve great success in the long run. (如果你想長遠地取得巨大成功，你需要對你的工作充滿熱情。)
* Regale (v.) 以 (故事等) 款待、使愉悅
* 指透過講述有趣的故事或經歷來讓聽眾感到開心。常見用法為 `regale sb with sth`。
* During the family reunion, Grandpa regaled us with stories of his adventures in the army. (在家庭聚會期間，爺爺講述他在軍中冒險的故事來逗我們開心。)
* The traveler regaled the locals with tales of the strange lands he had visited during his journey. (旅行者向當地人講述他在旅途中訪問過的奇異土地的故事，讓他們聽得津津有味。)
* Furthermore (adv.) 此外、而且、再者
* 常放在句首並用逗號隔開。與 `moreover` 意思相近。
* The new laptop is lightweight and portable; furthermore, it has a very long battery life. (這台新筆記型電腦輕巧便攜。此外，它還有很長的電池壽命。)
* Exercising regularly can help you lose weight. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the risk of heart disease. (定期運動可以幫助你減肥。再者，它能顯著降低患心臟病的風險。)
* Cuisine (n.) 料理、烹飪、菜餚
* 指一個地區、國家或餐廳特有的烹飪風格，為**不可數名詞**。
* Italian cuisine is famous for its use of fresh ingredients like tomatoes, garlic, and olive oil. (義大利料理以使用番茄、大蒜和橄欖油等新鮮食材而聞名。)
* We spent the entire weekend exploring the diverse street cuisine of Tainan. (我們花了整個週末探索台南多樣的街頭小吃料理。)
* Ultimately (adv.) 最終、終究
* 用於強調事情最後的結果，或者是事情最核心的本質。形容詞為 `ultimate`。
* Although the team faced many difficulties, they ultimately won the championship. (儘管團隊面臨許多困難，他們最終還是贏得了冠軍。)
* Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide which career path is right for them. (終究還是要由個人來決定哪條職業道路適合自己。)
* The success of a business ultimately depends on the satisfaction of its customers. (企業的成功最終取決於客戶的滿意度。)
* Vocation (n.) 志業、職業、使命感
* 與 `job` 不同，`vocation` 隱含著一個人感覺自己「被召喚」去做某種工作的神聖感或強烈熱情。請注意，勿拼成 `vacation` (假期)。
* Nursing is not just a career for her; it is a true vocation that she loves deeply. (護理對她來說不只是一份事業；這是一份她深愛著的真正志業。)
* It took me many years to find my true vocation as a high school teacher. (我花了多年時間才找到自己身為高中老師的真正志業。)
作文百句 44 片語整理
## 片語
* An alternative to N/V-ing ...的替代方案
* Eating fresh fruit is a healthy choice as an alternative to consuming processed snacks filled with sugar. (吃新鮮水果是取代攝取充滿糖分加工零食的一種健康選擇。)
* Cycling to work has become an alternative to taking the crowded subway for many commuters. (對許多通勤者來說，騎自行車上班已經成為擁擠地鐵之外的選擇。)
* Be/get involved in/with N/V-ing 參與...、涉及到...
* 指投入某項活動、組織或與某種事物產生關聯。
* They were involved in a long legal wrangle. (他們陷入了長期的法律糾紛。)
* Sammy decided to get involved with the student council to improve his leadership and communication skills. (Sammy 決定加入學生會，以提升他的領導與溝通能力。)
* Show interest (in N/V-ing) (對...) 展現興趣
* Several international investors have shown interest in funding the new technology startup. (幾位國際投資者已表現出資助這家新技術初創公司的興趣。)
* Despite his busy schedule, the professor always shows interest in his students' personal research projects. (儘管行程繁忙，教授總是對學生的個人研究計畫表現出興趣。)
* From place to place 從一處到另一處
* 形容在不同地點之間頻繁移動或遷移。
* The traveling circus moves from place to place, performing for audiences in different cities every week. (巡迴馬戲團在各地遷移，每週為不同城市的觀眾表演。)
* Digital nomads enjoy the freedom of working remotely while traveling from place to place around the world. (數位遊牧民族享受遠距工作的自由，同時在世界各地旅行。)
* Get to know N 瞭解...、認識...
* 指透過相處或研究，逐漸對某人事物有更深入的認識。
* It takes time and patience to truly get to know a person's character and values. (真正了解一個人的性格和價值觀需要時間和耐心。)
* During her three-month stay in Tainan, Sarah really got to know the city's rich history and diverse culture. (在台南逗留的三個月期間，Sarah 真正了解了這座城市豐富的歷史與多樣的文化。)
* Be passionate about N/V-ing 對...充滿熱情
* He is extremely passionate about marine biology and hopes to work as a researcher after graduation. (他對海洋生物學極其熱衷，希望畢業後能擔任研究員。)
* I'm passionate about cooking and love trying out new recipes. (我熱愛烹飪，喜歡嘗試新食譜。)
* Regale sb with sth 以某事取悅、款待某人
* 通常指透過講述有趣的故事、經歷或提供豐富的餘興節目來讓聽眾感到愉悅。
* The retired explorer regaled the children with thrilling tales of his encounters with wild animals in Africa. (退休的探險家向孩子們講述他在非洲與野生動物遭遇的驚險故事，讓他們聽得津津有味。)
* During the dinner party, the host regaled his guests with funny anecdotes from his recent trip to Paris. (在晚宴期間，主人講述了他最近去巴黎旅行的趣聞軼事來逗客人們開心。)
作文百句 44 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Entrepreneur (n.) 創業者、企業家
* `entrepreneurship` 指「創業精神」。請注意這兩個字的拼法，與 `enterprise` 不同，切勿拼錯。
* To be a successful entrepreneur, one must possess not only a brilliant idea but also the resilience to face failure. (要成為一名成功的創業者，不僅要有出色的想法，還要有面對失敗的韌性。)
* The university offers various workshops to encourage entrepreneurship among students from different departments. (大學提供各種工作坊，以鼓勵不同科系的學生具備創業精神。)
* Startup (n.) 新創企業、初創公司
* Many tech startups choose to set up their offices in this district due to its vibrant business environment. (許多科技新創公司選擇在該區設立辦公室，因為那裡有充滿活力的商務環境。)
* Financing a startup is often challenging, requiring owners to pitch their ideas to potential investors. (為新創公司籌集資金通常具有挑戰性，需要老闆向潛在投資者推銷他們的想法。)
* Niche market (n.) 小眾市場、利基市場
* 指大型企業可能忽略的特定、專業的細分市場。
* By focusing on handmade wooden toys, the young adult found a profitable niche market in the competitive toy industry. (透過專注於手工木製玩具，這位年輕人在競爭激烈的玩具產業中找到了一個有利可圖的小眾市場。)
* Researching the niche market is essential for any small business that wants to avoid direct competition with giants. (對於任何想要避免與巨頭直接競爭的小企業來說，研究小眾市場是必不可少的。)
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 補充
* Niche
* (n.) 利基、小眾市場、合適的定位
* 指適合個人或企業發展的獨特且合適的職位或領域、小眾市場、棲身之地。常見用法如下：
* `find a niche (for sb/sth) in 領域/市場`：指在特定且狹小的市場需求中，建立自己獨特的定位、優勢或專長，通常用於創業、個人品牌或行銷。
* `carve out a niche (for sb/sth) in 領域/市場`：指透過提供獨特產品、服務或專長，在競爭激烈的市場中「闖出一片天」、「開闢利基市場」或「找到獨特定位」。
* Many successful entrepreneurs started by identifying a niche that was being ignored by larger companies. (許多成功的企業家都是從發現被大公司忽視的小眾市場開始的。)
* After years of searching, Jeremy finally found his niche in the world of independent filmmaking. (經過多年的尋找，Jeremy 終於在獨立電影製作界找到了自己的合適位置。)
* The company found a niche for their eco-friendly furniture. (這家公司為他們的環保家具找到了利基市場。)
* The company managed to carve out a niche in the highly competitive tech market. (該公司設法在競爭激烈的科技市場中開闢了專屬的利基。)
* (n.) 壁龕、牆上的凹處
* A small statue was placed in a niche in the wall. (一座小雕像被安置在牆上的壁龕中。)
* (adj.) 小眾的
* Her blog on orchid care appeals to a niche group of gardeners. (她關於蘭花護理的部落格吸引了一群小眾園丁。)
* Although the singer's music is quite niche, she has a very loyal following around the world. (雖然這位歌手的音樂相當小眾，但她在世界各地擁有一群非常忠實的追隨者。)
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* Initial capital (n.) 創業資金、初始資本
* Running a mobile food truck requires much less initial capital than opening a brick-and-mortar restaurant. (經營移動餐車所需的初始資金比開一家實體餐廳要少得多。)
* The ambitious student saved up for three years to accumulate enough initial capital for his handicraft business. (這位有抱負的學生存了三年錢，為他的手工藝生意積累了足夠的初始資金。)
* Pros and cons (n. phr.) 優缺點、利弊
* Before deciding to work as a tour guide, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons of the job. (在決定擔任導遊之前，你應該仔細衡量這份工作的優缺點。)
* Every career path has its pros and cons, and what matters most is finding one that aligns with your passion. (每條職業道路都有其利弊，最重要的是找到一條與你的熱情契合的道路。)
#### 常見圖表類型
以下補充一些常見圖表的英文，方便你在撰寫圖表作文時，能選用正確的詞彙。
* Bar graph / Bar chart 長條圖
* 用於比較不同類別之間的數據大小。
* The bar graph clearly illustrates the difference in energy consumption between different countries. (長條圖清晰地說明了不同國家之間能源消耗的差異。)
* Histogram 直方圖
* 用於顯示連續數據 (如年齡分布) 的頻率分布。
* The histogram represents the distribution of test scores among the students in the class. (直方圖代表了班級學生測試成績的分布情況。)
{% hint style="success" %}
#### 直方圖 vs. 長條圖
直方圖用於呈現「連續」數值資料的分布，長條柱子相連；長條圖則用於比較「類別型 (離散)」資料的項目大小，長條柱子通常分開。
{% endhint %}
* Pie chart 圓餅圖
* According to the pie chart, more than half of the company's budget is spent on research and development. (根據圓餅圖，公司一半以上的預算花在了研發上。)
* Line graph 折線圖
* The line graph shows a steady increase in global temperatures over the past fifty years. (折線圖顯示了過去五十年全球氣溫的穩定上升。)
* Flow chart 流程圖
* The flow chart guides employees through the complex process of applying for a business trip. (流程圖引導員工完成申請出差的複雜過程。)
* Table 表格
* Please refer to the table on page 10 for a detailed breakdown of the survey results. (請參閱第 10 頁的表格，了解調查結果的詳細分類。)
* Diagram 圖解、示意圖
* 是一種透過圖形、符號來視覺化展示結構、流程或概念的工具。
* She gave me a diagram of the railway network. (她給了我一張鐵路網圖解。)
* The science textbook includes a diagram showing the different parts of a human cell. (科學教科書中包含一張顯示人體細胞不同部分的示意圖。)
#### 進階圖表類型
以下的圖表種類，雖然應該不會出現在作文，但還是蠻常見的。
* Scatter plot 散佈圖、散點圖
* 用於顯示兩個變量之間的相關性，圖中的點分布代表數據的集中趨勢。
* The scatter plot reveals a strong positive correlation between study hours and exam scores. (散點圖揭示了學習時數與考試成績之間強烈的正相關。)
* Radar chart / Spider chart 雷達圖、蜘蛛圖
* 用於展示多個維度的數據對比，常見於能力評估 (如職場能力或遊戲角色屬性)。
* This radar chart helps us compare the strengths and weaknesses of different smartphone models. (這份雷達圖幫助我們比較不同型號智慧型手機的優缺點。)
* Venn diagram 文氏圖
* 用於顯示不同群體或集合之間的邏輯關係、重疊部分 (交集)。**`Venn`**** ****的**** ****`V`**** ****要大寫**。
* A Venn diagram is the perfect way to visualize the common characteristics of these two business models. (文氏圖是視覺化這兩種商業模式共同特徵的完美方式。)
* Gantt chart 甘特圖
* 專用於專案管理，用來展示各項任務的進度時間表。**`Gantt`**** ****的**** ****`G`**** ****要大寫**。
* The project manager used a Gantt chart to ensure all tasks were completed according to the timeline. (專案經理使用甘特圖來確保所有任務都按照時間表完成。)
* Heat map 熱力圖
* 利用顏色的深淺來代表數據的強度或密度，常用於顯示網頁點擊分布或氣溫分布。
* The heat map of the website shows that most users focus on the top-left corner of the page. (網站的熱力圖顯示大多數使用者關注頁面的左上角。)
* Box plot / Box-and-whisker plot 箱形圖
* 用於展示數據的分布情況，包含最大值、最小值、中位數及四分位數。
* The box plot allows us to compare the distribution of income across different age groups. (箱形圖讓我們可以比較不同年齡層的收入分布情況。)
* Area chart 面積圖、區域圖
* 與折線圖類似，但將線條下方的區域填滿顏色，用來強調數量隨時間變化的累積規模。
* An area chart is useful for showing how individual categories contribute to a total over time. (面積圖有助於展示各個類別如何隨著時間的推移對總量做出貢獻。)
{% hint style="success" %}
#### 折線圖 vs. 面積圖
折線圖專注於變化率和多條線的精確對比；區域圖則強調量級、累積總量 (面積) 與整體的變化，更適合顯示部分與整體的關係。
{% endhint %}
## 寫作建議
撰寫圖表作文時，可以參考以下建議。
* 描述多筆數據時，要嘗試像本文一樣變換句型，並適時加入分詞構句與附帶狀況 (如 `with + O + OC`)，讓文章讀起來不會過於單調，也能順勢將趨勢分析加入句子中。
* 本文使用了 `meanwhile`, `however`, `furthermore`, `ultimately` 等詞彙。寫作時，若能善用過渡詞與連接詞，可以使文章轉折順暢、結構清晰。此外，多筆數據之間也可以用這些詞隔開，表達處境、優劣、盛衰的轉換。
## 45.
1. Life is full of regrets, and I have more than my **fair share**. For one, I wish that I **had stood up for** Robert, a boy in my class, when he **was being bullied**. Robert **was** quite **sensitive about being short**, and he got angry easily when other boys made fun of him**, which** only made things worse. Though I **personally never called Robert names** or **took part in the bullying**, I never tried to **put a stop to** it, either. I didn't want to bring the bullies' attention down on me, so I just stayed quiet and let it happen.
2. Later, Robert **transferred to** another school. His life had become so **miserable** that he couldn't stay at our school anymore. **Had I supported him** and provided some friendship, he **might have been happier** here. When I realized that, I promised myself that if I ever saw someone being bullied again, I wouldn't just keep my mouth shut. **Instead**, I'd take action and make sure the **bullying** stopped right there.
作文百句 45 單字整理
## 單字
* Fair share (n. phr.)
* 應得的一份
* 指公平分配後的一份 (如酬勞、責任)。
* Everyone should pay their fair share of taxes. (每個人都應該繳納他們應分攤的稅款)。
* Every member of the team is expected to do their fair share of the work to ensure the project is finished on time. (團隊的每位成員都被期待完成他們應盡的一份工作，以確保專案準時完成。)
* (通常指**負面**事物) 相當多、超過一般限度
* 指某人或物經歷了「比一般還多」的麻煩、痛苦或遺憾。常用結構為 `have one's fair share of sth`。
* I’ve had my fair share of car troubles lately, so I’m thinking about buying a new one. (我最近遇到了相當多的修車麻煩，所以我在考慮買輛新車。)
* This old house has seen its fair share of history and survived many natural disasters over the years. (這棟老房子經歷了相當豐富的歷史，並在多年來幸存於多次自然災害。)
* Bully
* (n.) 霸凌者、欺凌弱小者
* The school has a zero-tolerance policy for any student who acts like a bully. (學校對於任何表現得像霸凌者的學生都採取零容忍政策。)
* (v.) 霸凌、欺負
* 常見用法為 `bully sb`、`bully sb into V-ing` (強迫某人做某事)。名詞形為 [`bullying`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-7-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* It’s important to teach children how to stand up for themselves when others try to bully them. (教孩子們在別人試圖欺負他們時如何為自己挺身而出是很重要的。)
* Don't let anyone bully you into changing your mind about your future career. (別讓任何人強迫你改變對未來事業的想法。)
* Personally (adv.) 親自；就個人而言
* `take sth personally` 表認為某事是針對個人的、對號入座或因某事而感到不悅、走心。
* Although the manager was busy, she personally interviewed every candidate for the new position. (雖然經理很忙，她還是親自面試了每一位新職位的應徵者。)
* Personally, I believe that honesty is the most important quality in a true friendship. (就個人而言，我認為誠實是真誠友誼中最重要的特質。)
* Please don't take his comments personally; he was just having a very bad day. (請不要介意他的評論；他只是那天心情很糟。)
* Transfer (v.) 轉學、轉系、調職；轉移、轉讓；轉乘、轉機；轉帳、匯款
* 常見用法為 `transfer A to B`。
* Due to the bullying he experienced, Robert eventually decided to transfer to another school. (由於經歷了霸凌，Robert 最終決定轉學到另一所學校。)
* The company is planning to transfer several experienced engineers to its new branch in Tokyo. (公司計畫將幾位經驗豐富的工程師調往其東京的新分公司。)
* You can easily transfer your photos from your smartphone to your computer using a USB cable. (你可以使用 USB 線輕鬆地將照片從手機傳輸到電腦。)
* She transferred the property to her daughter. (她把房產轉讓給了女兒。)
* We have to transfer to another train at the next station. (我們必須在下一站轉乘另一班火車。)
* I need to transfer some money to my savings account. (我需要轉一些錢到我的儲蓄帳戶。)
* Miserable
* (adj.) 痛苦的、慘不忍睹的、糟糕的
* He felt miserable for days after he realized he had accidentally hurt his best friend's feelings. (在意識到自己無意中傷害了好友的情感後，他難過了好幾天。)
* Seeing the stray dog in such a miserable condition broke Sarah's heart. (看到那隻流浪狗處於如此慘不忍睹的狀況，讓 Sarah 碎了心。)
* The weather was miserable, cold and rainy. (天氣很糟糕，又冷又下雨。)
* (adj.) 少得可憐的
* She only offered me a miserable $20. (她只出少得可憐的20美元。)
* How can I live on such a miserable wage? (我怎麼能靠這少得可憐的工資生活？)
* Support
* (v.) 支持；扶養、供養；支撐
* My parents have always supported my dream of becoming a professional musician, no matter what. (無論如何，我的父母總是支持我成為職業音樂家的夢想。)
* This race is supported by numerous corporate sponsors. (這場比賽由許多企業贊助商贊助。)
* I can't support my wife and children on such a small salary. (我薪水如此微薄，無法養活家小。)
* This heavy bridge is supported by dozens of massive concrete pillars. (這座沉重的橋樑由數十根巨大的混凝土柱支撐著。)
* (n.) 支持、擁護、支撐
* 指抽象的支持或幫助時，為**不可數名詞**，如 `emtional/financial support`；指具體的支撐物、支柱或一次次的幫助時，為**可數名詞**。`in support of N` 表「支持...」。
* The local community provided a lot of emotional support to the families affected by the flood. (當地社區為受洪水影響的家庭提供了大量的情感支持。)
* The student asked for financial support for her tuition fees. (這名學生申請了學費資助。)
* She gave me a lot of supports during the crisis. (她在危機中給了我很多次幫助。)
* Promise
* (n.) 諾言、承諾
* 常見用法為 `make/keep/break a promise` (許下/遵守/違背諾言)。
* If you make a promise to someone, you should do your absolute best to keep it. (如果你向某人許下諾言，你就應該竭盡全力去遵守它。)
* He made a solemn promise to pay me back. (他鄭重承諾會還我錢。)
* (n.) 前景、希望
* 形容詞為 `promising` (有前途的、有希望的)。
* The project shows great promise. (這專案非常有前景。)
* The bright red sunset gives the promise of another beautiful day tomorrow. (鮮紅的夕陽預示著明天又會是一個美好的日子。)
* (v.) 答應、承諾
* 後面常接 `to VR` 或 `that 子句`。
* I promise to help you with your English assignment as soon as I finish my own work. (我答應一等我完成自己的工作就幫你做英文作業。)
* The doctor promised that the surgery would be simple and that the patient would recover quickly. (醫生承諾手術會很簡單，病患也會康復得很快。)
* Ever (adv.) 在任何時候、曾經
* If you ever find yourself in trouble, don't hesitate to call me for help. (如果你萬一遇到麻煩，別猶豫，儘管打電話找我幫忙。)
* This is the most beautiful sunset I have ever seen in my entire life. (這是我一生中見過最美麗的落日。)
* Do you ever wonder what happened to our old high school friends after all these years? (你是否曾經想過，這麼多年後我們的高中老朋友都怎麼了？)
* I promised myself that I would never ever lie to the people I love. (我向自己保證，我絕對不會對我愛的人撒謊。)
* Shut
* (v.) 關上、閉上
* 三態同型；現在分詞為 `shutting`。常用於代替 `close`，語氣較直接。
* The window won't shut. (這扇窗戶關不上。)
* Please shut the door quietly so you don't wake up the baby sleeping in the next room. (請輕輕地關上門，以免吵醒在隔壁房間睡覺的寶寶。)
* He shut the shop at 9 p.m. yesterday. (他昨天晚上九點關店。)
* 其他常見用法與片語如下：
* `shut up` 閉嘴、住口
* 通常被視為無禮且憤怒的命令，是不禮貌的口語用法。
* `put up or shut up` 指「要就做，不然就閉嘴」，用來要求一直說大話、批評或承諾，但從不採取行動的人，立即付諸實行，否則就停止抱怨或廢話。
* He angrily asked me to shut up. (他生氣地要我閉嘴。)
* You keep saying you're going to quit, so put up or shut up. (你一直說你要辭職，那要麼辭，不然就閉嘴。)
* If you think you can do it better, put up or shut up. (如果你覺得你做得更好，那行你上啊，否則別囉嗦。)
* `shut sb up` 讓某人閉嘴、使某人安靜下來；堵住某人的嘴
* 透過言語命令或採取行動，使吵鬧、說話不停的人停止出聲。可用於字面上的「不講話」或隱喻上的「阻止對方說出秘密」。
* I gave the kid candy to shut him up. (我給那孩子糖果讓他閉嘴。)
* It's impossible to shut him up. (要讓他閉嘴是不可能的。)
* I gave him some money just to shut him up. (我給他錢只是為了堵住他的嘴。)
* `shut N down` 停業、關閉機器
* 指永久或暫時停止運作。
* The factory was forced to shut down because it could no longer compete with cheaper imports. (工廠被迫停業，因為它再也無法與廉價的進口商品競爭。)
* Please shut down the computer before you leave. (離開前請關機。)
* The system will automatically shut down in 10 minutes. (系統將在 10 分鐘後自動關機。)
* `shut N out` 排除...、將...拒之門外
* 指不讓某人進入或不讓某事影響自己。
* I tried to shut out the noise from the street by wearing my noise-canceling headphones. (我試著戴上降噪耳機來隔絕街道上的噪音。)
* He was shut out of his own house. (他被關在自己家門外。)
* He felt he'd been shut out of the discussion. (他覺得他被排除在這個討論外。)
* She felt shut out by her classmates. (她覺得被同學排擠。)
* `shut N off` 關閉、切斷 (能源、供應、設備)
* 常指切斷水、電、煤氣或設備停止運作。表「設備停止運作」時，通常是因為故障，而非人為主動操作導致。
* Make sure to shut off the gas before you leave the house for your vacation. (在出發去度假前，請務必關掉瓦斯。)
* Please shut off the water before you leave. (離開前請把水關掉。)
* The engine suddenly shut off while I was driving. (我開車時引擎突然熄火了。)
* `open-and-shut` (adj.) 顯而易見的、容易解決的、一翻兩瞪眼
* 形容案件、問題或情況非常明確，不需要複雜的調查。
* The police thought it was an open-and-shut case, but they were wrong. (警察原以為這是一件輕而易舉的案子，但他們錯了。)
* It's not an open-and-shut case; we need to examine more evidence. (這不是一個一翻兩瞪眼的案子，我們需要檢查更多證據。)
* The answer to this problem is not exactly open-and-shut. (這問題的答案並非如此顯而易見。)
* (adj.) 關閉的、封閉的
* The shop stays shut on Sundays to give the employees a well-deserved rest. (這家店週日休息，好讓員工得到應有的休息。)
* Keep your mouth shut while the teacher is explaining the important grammar rules. (老師在講解重要的文法規則時，請閉上嘴巴。)
* Her eyes were shut and she was sleeping. (她的眼睛閉著，正在睡覺。)
* Instead (adv.) 反而、替代地
* 通常放句首或句尾。
* I'm too tired to go swimming. Instead, I'm going to stay at home. (我太累了不去游泳。相反地，我要待在家。)
* We were going to go to the beach, but it started raining, so we went to the cinema instead. (我們原本打算去海邊，但開始下雨了，所以我們改去電影院。)
* I didn't have enough money for a new car, so I bought a high-quality used one instead. (我沒有足夠的錢買新車，所以我買了一輛高品質的二手車代替。)
* Action (n.) 行動、行為、舉動
* 指抽象的行動過程或動作時，為**不可數名詞**；指一次具體的行為或舉止時，為**可數名詞**。常見用法為 `take action` (採取行動)、`put sth into action` (將某事付諸實行)。
* He is a man of action who prefers doing things rather than just talking about them. (他是一個行動派的人，喜歡動手做而不是光說不練。)
* The government must take immediate action to address the issue of rising living costs. (政府必須立即採取行動來解決生活成本上漲的問題。)
* It’s time to put our plans into action and start building the new community garden. (是時候將我們的計畫付諸實行，開始建造新的社區花園了。)
* His heroic actions during the fire saved several people from the burning building. (他在火災中的英勇行為從燃燒的大樓中救出了幾個人。)
作文百句 45 片語整理
## 片語
* Stand up for sb 為某人挺身而出、支持某人
* 指在他人受到不公平對待或攻擊時，勇敢地站出來為其辯護或保護。
* Whenever I see someone being treated unfairly at work, I try my best to stand up for them. (每當我看到有人在工作中受到不公平對待時，我都會盡力為他們挺身而出。)
* It takes a lot of courage to stand up for your friends when the rest of the group is against them. (當群體中的其他人都在反對你的朋友時，為他們挺身而出需要很大的勇氣。)
* Get + Adj (情緒/狀態) 變得...、進入某種狀態
* `get` 在這裡作為[連綴動詞](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-16-wen-fa-zheng-li)，表示一種狀態的改變。後接形容詞，用來描述從「不怎麼...」變成「很...」的過程。
* I always get nervous before a big presentation, even though I practice a lot. (儘管我練習了很多，但在大型簡報之前我總是會變得緊張。)
* The children got very excited when they heard that they were going to the theme park. (當孩子們聽說要去主題樂園時，變得非常興奮。)
* Make fun of sb 嘲笑某人、取笑某人
* 通常帶有**貶義**，指透過開玩笑、戲弄的方式讓某人感到尷尬或難堪。
* The children shouldn't make fun of the new student just because he has a different accent. (孩子們不應該只因為新同學有不同的口音就嘲笑他。)
* James felt extremely embarrassed when his colleagues started to make fun of his mistake during the meeting. (當同事們開始在會議上取笑他的錯誤時，James 感到非常尷尬。)
* Make sth worse 使某事變得更糟、惡化
* 指某個行為或狀況，讓原本就已經不好的事情變得更加嚴重。
* Ignoring the small leak in the roof made the situation much worse after the heavy rainstorm. (大暴雨後，忽視屋頂的小漏水讓情況變得更加惡化。)
* Trying to hide your mistakes from the boss will only make matters worse in the long run. (從長遠來看，試圖向老闆隱瞞錯誤只會讓事情變得更糟。)
* Call sb names 辱罵某人、對某人說難聽的話
* 這裡的 `names` 不是指對方的真實姓名，而是指各種侮辱性的綽號或難聽的字眼，**必須加**** ****`s`**。
* The school teacher strictly forbids students to call each other names on the playground. (老師嚴禁學生在操場上互相辱罵。)
* Growing up, James was often picked on by the older kids who would call him names because of his glasses. (在成長過程中，James 經常被大孩子找麻煩，他們會因為他戴眼鏡而對他口出惡言。)
* No matter how angry you are, it’s never acceptable to call your partner names during an argument. (無論你多麼生氣，在爭吵中辱罵伴侶都是不可接受的。)
* Take part in sth 參加某事、參與某活動
* 與 `participate in` 意思相近，指投入或加入某個正在進行的活動。
* All students are encouraged to take part in the school's annual charity run to raise money for the poor. (我們鼓勵所有學生參加學校年度慈善跑步活動，為貧困者募款。)
* Sarah was too shy to take part in the classroom discussion, even though she had many great ideas. (儘管 Sarah 有很多很棒的想法，她還是太害羞了，不敢參與課堂討論。)
* Put a stop to sth 制止某事、結束某事
* The principal promised to take strict measures to put a stop to bullying in the school. (校長承諾將採取嚴格措施，以制止學校裡的霸凌行為。)
* We need to put a stop to this argument before it ruins our friendship completely. (在這次爭論徹底破壞我們的友誼之前，我們需要制止它。)
* Bring sth down on sb 給某人招致 (**麻煩**或**負面影響**)
* 常指因為某種行為而讓自己或他人陷入困境、引來責罵或注意。
* I didn't want to report the mistake because I was afraid it would bring the boss's anger down on me. (我不想回報那個錯誤，因為我擔心這會招致老闆對我的憤怒。)
* His reckless behavior eventually brought a lot of trouble down on his entire family. (他魯莽的行為最終給他的整個家庭帶來了許多麻煩。)
* Let sth happen 任由某事發生
* 指雖然知道某事正在發生，卻不採取任何行動去阻止或改變。
* You shouldn't just stand there and let it happen when you see someone hurting a stray animal. (當你看到有人傷害流浪動物時，不應該只是站在那裡任由它發生。)
* The manager was criticized for letting the decline in service quality happen without taking any action. (經理因任由服務品質下降而未採取任何行動而受到批評。)
* Transfer to N
* 詳見[此處](#zuo-wen-bai-ju-45-dan-zi-zheng-li)。
* Keep one's mouth shut 閉嘴、保持沉默
* If you can't say something kind or helpful, it's often better to just keep your mouth shut. (如果你不能說些友善或有幫助的話，通常最好就保持沉默。)
* The witness was threatened and told to keep his mouth shut about what he had seen that night. (證人受到威脅，被要求對他那天晚上看到的事情保持沉默。)
* Take action 採取行動
* Instead of just talking about climate change, it's time for governments to take real action. (與其只是空談氣候變遷，政府現在該採取實際行動了。)
* The security guards had to take action immediately when they saw the suspicious man trying to enter the building. (當保全看到那名可疑男子試圖進入大樓時，他們不得不立即採取行動。)
作文百句 45 文法整理
## 文法
* `Either` 用於否定附和句
* `either` 相當於**否定句**的「也」，**放在句尾**，通常前面會用逗號隔開。如果是一般**肯定句**的「也」，則用 `too` 或 `also`。
* Although she was tired, she didn't want to go to bed, either. (雖然她累了，但她也不想去睡覺。)
* Alana never complained about the workload, and her colleagues didn't, either. (Alana 從不抱怨工作量，她的同事們也不抱怨。)
* I haven't seen that movie yet, and my sister hasn't seen it, either. (我還沒看過那部電影，我妹妹也沒看過。)
{% hint style="warning" %}
#### `also`
雖然有時會看到 `I also don't like him.` 這種寫法，但在標準英文中，**不建議於否定句中使用**** ****`also`** 來表達「也...不...」。此外，`also` 和 `too` 的意思皆為「也...」，在肯定句中**僅能擇一使用**。
{% endhint %}
{% hint style="info" %}
#### 文法否定 vs. 語義否定
只要句中出現 **`not`** 或 **否定副詞** (如 `never`, `seldom`, `hardly`, `rarely`, `scarcely`, `few`, `little`...)，這句話在文法上就被視為「否定句」。這種情況下，**必須使用**** ****`either`**；如果動詞本身帶有負面意思 (如 `hate`, `fail`, `refuse`, `dislike`)，但文法結構是肯定的 (沒有 `not` 或否定副詞)，這句話在文法上仍被視為「肯定句」。這種情況下，**必須使用**** ****`too`**。
* Yusuf never eats onions, and I don't, either. (Yusuf 從不吃洋蔥，我也不吃。) → 有 `not`，為文法否定，用 `either`。
* He hardly ever goes to the gym, and his brother doesn't, either. (他幾乎不去健身房，他哥哥也不去。) → 有 `hardly` (否定副詞)，為文法否定，用 `either`。
* There is little hope left, and there is little time, either. (剩下的希望微乎其微，時間也所剩無幾了。) → 有 `little` (否定副詞)，為文法否定，用 `either`。
* I hate that movie. My sister hates it, too. (我討厭那部電影。我妹妹也討厭。) → 為語義否定，但文法肯定，用 `too`。
* He failed the test, and his friend failed, too. (他考試不及考，他的朋友也沒過。) → 為語義否定，但文法肯定，用 `too`。
* I dislike cold weather. Yusuf dislikes it, too. (我不喜歡冷天氣。Yusuf 也不喜歡。) → 為語義否定，但文法肯定，用 `too`。
{% endhint %}
作文百句 45 補充資料
## 文章分析
作者並非從受害者或霸凌者的視角切入，而是採用最能引起共鳴，但也最常被忽視的「旁觀者」視角。本文開篇直接以 `Life is full of regrets` 破題，將這段往事定調為「生命中沉重的遺憾」，瞬間抓住讀者的注意力。在衝突的部分，作者先描述受害者 Robert 的特質 (身高較矮、易怒)，接著坦誠地剖析霸凌發生的動態過程，以及自己當時選擇沉默的人性弱點——害怕引火燒身。這種誠實讓文章顯得格外真實且深刻。
第二段，作者從 Robert 的轉學切入，描述遺憾的不可挽回性。隨後用倒裝形式的假設語氣，強化「悔不當初」的情感。文章最後，作者以一個堅定的承諾作結，將負面的遺憾轉化為正向的行動力，使文章從單純的悔過書，提升到了道德成長的高度。
## 寫作補給站
以下提供一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Empathy (n.) 同理心、共感
* 指設身處地理解他人感受的能力。**與**** ****`sympathy`**** ****(同情心) 不同**，`empathy` 強調「感同身受」。
* If the narrator had more empathy for Robert at the time, he might have been brave enough to speak up. (如果作者當時對 Robert 有更多的同理心，他或許就有足夠的勇氣說出來了。)
* Developing empathy for others is a crucial step in preventing bullying and creating a supportive school environment. (對他人培養同理心是預防霸凌並營造支持性校園環境的關鍵一步。)
* Conscience (n.) 良知、良心
* 指內心判斷對錯的正義感，為**不可數名詞**。`a clear/`[`guilty conscience`](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-24-bu-chong-zi-liao) 表「問心無愧/內疚」。
* He couldn't leave the injured kitten on the street because his conscience wouldn't allow it. (他不能把受傷的小貓留在街上，因為他的良知不允許他這麼做。)
* After returning the lost wallet to its owner, Yusuf felt a sense of peace and a clear conscience. (在將丟失的皮夾歸還給主人後，Yusuf 感到平靜且問心無愧。)
* Victim (n.) 受害者、罹難者
* 指在犯罪、事故或不公平待遇中受到傷害的人。
* The organization provides free legal and psychological support to the victims of domestic violence. (該組織為家庭暴力的受害者提供免費的法律與心理支持。)
* It is important to listen to the victims' stories and ensure they feel safe and supported. (傾聽受害者的故事並確保他們感到安全與受到支持是很重要的。)
* Leave sb out 排除某人、冷落某人
* 指故意不讓某人參與群體活動，這也是一種常見的社交霸凌。
* It’s cruel to intentionally leave someone out of a party just because they are a bit different. (僅僅因為某人有點不同就故意將其排除在派對之外是很殘忍的。)
* Yusuf felt a bit left out when his colleagues started talking about a movie he hadn't seen yet. (當同事們開始談論一部他還沒看過的電影時，Yusuf 感到有點被冷落。)
* Stand by and do nothing 袖手旁觀、坐視不管
* It is heartbreaking to see so many people stand by and do nothing while a person is being harassed in public. (看到這麼多人對一個在公共場合被騷擾的人袖手旁觀，真是令人心碎。)
* We cannot afford to stand by and do nothing as our planet faces such a severe climate crisis. (當我們的星球面臨如此嚴峻的氣候危機時，我們不能坐視不管。)
* Look the other way 故意不看、視而不見
* The supervisor was accused of looking the other way when he discovered the safety violations. (該主管被指控在發現違反安全規定時視而不見。)
* We should never look the other way when we see someone being bullied or treated with disrespect. (當我們看到有人被霸凌或受到不尊重對待時，絕不應該視而不見。)
* Speak up / Voice out 大聲說出、表達心聲
* 指公開表達反對意見或支持某人，特別是在面臨壓力時。
* If you see an injustice happening, you have a responsibility to speak up and defend the victim. (如果你看到不公正的事情發生，你有責任大聲說出來並保護受害者。)
* He is willing to speak up for the rights of women. (他願意為婦女權益發聲。)
* It’s not always easy to voice out your opinions, but your words can make a significant difference in someone's life. (表達自己的意見並不總是容易的，但你的話語可以為某人的生活帶來顯著的改變。)
* It's time to voice out our concerns about the new policy. (是時候大聲說出我們對這項新政策的擔憂了。)
* Stick up for sb 挺身支持某人、維護某人
* 與 `stand up for sb` 意思相同。
* Thank you for sticking up for me during the meeting when everyone was criticizing my proposal. (謝謝你在會議上大家都批評我的提議時挺身支持我。)
* As an older brother, Tom always sticks up for his younger sister whenever she gets into trouble. (作為哥哥，每當妹妹遇到麻煩時，Tom 總會挺身維護她。)
* Lend sb a helping hand 向某人伸出援手
* A true friend is someone who is always willing to lend you a helping hand without expecting anything in return. (真正的朋友是那個總願意無私向你伸出援手的人。)
* If the narrator had lent Robert a helping hand earlier, the situation might not have ended so sadly. (如果作者早點向 Robert 伸出援手，情況或許不會結束得這麼悲傷。)
* Follow the crowd 從眾、隨波逐流
* Instead of following the crowd, Alana always has the courage to express her unique opinions. (Alana 總是勇於表達自己獨特的見解，而不是隨波逐流。)
* It’s easy to follow the crowd, but it takes true strength to walk your own path. (從眾很容易，但走自己的路需要真正的力量。)
## 寫作建議
書寫與「遺憾」相關的文章時，可以參考以下建議。
* 成長往往來自於對自身錯誤的承認。請誠實面對人性弱點，不要把主角寫成完美的聖人。像文中提到「因為害怕而保持安靜」，這種真實的恐懼反而能贏得閱卷老師的同理心。
* 在遺憾的部分，可以使用假設語氣，表示當時該做而未做。這類句型在語氣上帶有一種沉重的嘆息感，能讓情感表達更精準。
* 在寫作時，給受害者或霸凌事件一個具體的起因或細節，會讓故事更具真實感。例如，文中先提及 Robert 的特徵，接著才描寫他被霸凌的過程。
## 46.
1. For years, Jack had sat on a **dingy** street corner **begging** for **change**. Today, as usual, in the corner **against** the wall he **nestled** his head. Just then, a stranger walked **past** **scratching** an itch, not **noticing** a NT$1,000 bill fall from his pocket onto the ground. However, Jack's eyes **locked** onto it instantly. For him, the **crumpled** banknote represented a week's **worth** of meals, or maybe a pair of shoes.
2. But it wasn't **rightfully** his, so he called out to the stranger. His heart **sank** as the man turned around, but Jack smiled anyway as he gave up the money. The young man paused before **grinning** widely. "You passed! **Congratulations**!" "wh...what?" Jack looked up, **confused**, as a **crew** with microphones and cameras emerged. The young man explained that this was all a social **experiment**. Now they were offering him a new life: apartment, job training, and more. They were giving him everything he'd **longed for**.
3. Jack paused. "What **would have happened** if I **hadn't given it back**?" "What? But you did; that's the point," the young man **replied**. "You **would have left me** on the street if **I had taken it to feed** myself, huh? Why would you mess with someone's life that way?" Jack sat back down. "I'll make my own way, thanks. I don't need conditional **charity**." The shocked **crew** members looked at each other and then slowly left. Jack felt a strong sense of **self-worth** right then. He determined **then and there** that he'd work to **better** his own life rather than let others decide his fate for him.
作文百句 46 單字整理
## 單字
* Dingy (adj.) 昏暗的、髒兮兮的、褪色的
* 常描述建築物、房間或街道因年代久遠、缺乏光線或未經清理而顯得破舊且陰暗。
* The old bookstore was located in a dingy basement, but it was filled with rare and precious treasures. (那家舊書店位於一個昏暗破舊的地下室，但裡面裝滿了稀有珍貴的寶藏。)
* After living in that dingy apartment for five years, Sarah was thrilled to move into a bright and modern house. (在那間髒兮兮的公寓住了五年後，Sarah 對於搬進一間明亮現代的房子感到非常興奮。)
* Beg (v.) 乞討；懇求、請求
* 常見用法為 `beg for sth` (如食物、金錢)、`beg sb to VR`。
* They have to beg for a living. (他們不得不乞討為生。)
* For years, the homeless man had to beg for change on the street corner just to survive. (多年來，這名無家可歸的男子為了生存，不得不在街角乞討零錢。)
* I beg you to reconsider your decision; it’s too dangerous to go out in this heavy storm. (我懇求你重新考慮你的決定；在這麼大的暴風雨中出門太危險了。)
* She begged her mother for a new dress. (她懇求母親買新衣服。)
* I beg that you will say nothing. (我請求你什麼也別說。)
* Go begging 行乞；無人問津、沒人要、閒置無用
* 表示進行「乞討」的動作，也可以形容商品、職位或機會因無人問津而剩餘。
* After losing his job and home, he was forced to go begging on the streets. (失業又失去家園後，他被迫上街乞討。)
* Many tickets were still going begging. (許多票仍然無人問津。)
* If that food is going begging, I'll take it. (如果那食物沒人要，那我就拿走了。)
* The position went begging for months. (這個職位閒置了好幾個月。)
* Change (n.) 零錢、找零
* 為**不可數名詞**。常見用法為 `keep the change` (不用找錢了、零錢不用找了)。
* Here is your change. (這是找你的零錢。)
* Excuse me, do you have any change for a hundred-dollar bill? I need to use the vending machine. (請問你有百元鈔的零錢嗎？我需要用自動販賣機。)
* Can you make change for a 100? (可以幫我把100塊找開嗎？)
* Nestle
* (v.) 依偎、舒適地安頓
* 常見搭配如下：
* `nestle up to` 緊貼在旁、親熱地靠近
* 通常是指從遠一點的地方慢慢移動並緊貼在某人或某物旁邊。
* The child nestled up to her mother. (孩子依偎在母親身邊。)
* The cat nestled up to me while I was reading. (我讀書時，貓咪緊緊依偎著我。)
* `nestle in` 窩在...裡面、安頓在...裡面
* 指被舒適地包圍，通常在柔軟的空間中。
* The kitten loves to nestle against its mother's warm fur while it’s sleeping. (小貓睡覺時喜歡依偎在母親溫暖的毛皮旁。)
* Yusuf’s head nestled comfortably into the soft pillow after a long day of hard work. (在辛苦工作一整天後，Yusuf 的頭舒服地安頓在柔軟的枕頭上。)
* `nestle against` 緊靠著...表面
* 側重於身體表面與垂直表面 (如牆、胸膛、枕頭) 的接觸。
* He nestled his head against her shoulder. (他把頭靠在她的肩上。)
* `nestle on` 依偎在...上面
* 指放置於水平的物體表面。
* The cat nestled on the warm blanket. (貓咪依偎在溫暖的毯子上。)
* `nestle down` 舒服地安頓下來、窩著
* 通常帶有溫暖、舒適或準備長期安頓 (如睡覺、閱讀) 的意味。
* She nestled down into the big sofa and began to enjoy music. (她舒服地坐進大沙發，開始欣賞音樂。)
* (v.) (建築物) 坐落於隱蔽處
* The village nestled at the foot of the hill. (那村莊坐落在山腳下。)
* Our little cabin nestles in the heart of the forest, far away from the noise of the city. (我們的小木屋座落在森林深處，遠離城市的喧囂。)
* Past
* (adj.) 過去的
* The past month was difficult. (上個月很艱難。)
* Over the past few months, Yusuf has improved his English speaking skills significantly. (在過去的幾個月裡，Yusuf 的英文口說能力有了顯著提升。)
* (n.) 過去、往事
* 常寫 `in the past`。
* That is a thing of the past. (那是過去的事了。)
* We can learn valuable lessons from the past, but we shouldn't live in it forever. (我們可以從過去學習寶貴的教訓，但不該永遠活在過去。)
* (adv.) 經過
* A fast car just drove past, nearly splashing water on my new shoes. (一輛快車剛才開了過去，差點把水濺到我的新鞋上。)
* As the battleship sailed past, everyone on deck waved. (戰艦駛過時，甲板上的每個人都在揮手。)
* (prep.) 經過 (某處)；晚於、超過 (某時間)
* The mysterious man walked past the old fountain without looking at anyone. (那名神秘男子經過舊噴泉，沒有看任何人。)
* It is already ten minutes past five; we should hurry if we want to catch the train. (現在已經是五點十分了；如果我們想趕上火車，我們應該快一點。)
* Itch
* (n./v.) 癢
* I have a terrible itch on my back that I just can't reach. (我背上有一處好癢，我剛好抓不到。)
* These new wool sweaters always make my skin itch, no matter how much I wash them. (這些新羊毛衣總會讓我的皮膚發癢，不管我洗了多少次都一樣。)
* (n./v.) 渴望、衝動
* `itch for sth` / `to VR` 表「渴望做某事」。
* After staying in the same city for ten years, Alana has an itch to travel across the world. (在同一個城市待了十年後，Alana 渴望去環遊世界。)
* I'm itching for a vacation. (我好渴望去度假。)
* The boys were itching to go camping. (男孩子們急著想去露營。)
* Bill
* 皆為**可數名詞**。
* (n.) 鈔票
* 相當於 `banknote`。
* He realized he only had a twenty-dollar bill in his wallet when he tried to pay for the coffee. (當他試圖付咖啡錢時，他發現錢包裡只有一張二十美元的鈔票。)
* (n.) 帳單
* 指餐廳、消費或水電費的帳單、請款單。
* **May I have the bill**, please? (我要結帳了。)
* Don't forget to pay the electricity bill before the end of the month to avoid any late fees. (別忘了在月底前繳電費帳單，以避免滯納金。)
* (n.) 法案
* The new bill regarding environmental protection was passed by the parliament yesterday. (關於環境保護的新法案昨天由議會通過。)
* The government passed the new tax bill. (政府通過了新稅法。)
* (n.) 鳥喙
* 特別指鴨、鵝、水鳥等嘴部較寬、較扁平的類型。`beak` 通常指較尖、較鉤的鳥嘴 (如老鷹、鸚鵡)。
* The duck cleaned its feathers with its bill. (鴨子用喙清理羽毛。)
* Lock
* (v.) 鎖住；固定
* Make sure to lock the back door when you leave the house for your vacation. (出門度假時，務必鎖好後門。)
* Jack’s eyes locked onto the fallen money as if nothing else in the world existed. (Jack 的眼睛鎖定了那筆掉落的錢，彷彿世界上其他事物都不存在了一樣。)
* (n.) 鎖
* I need to change the lock on my apartment because I lost my spare key yesterday. (我需要更換公寓的鎖，因為我昨天弄丟了備用鑰匙。)
* (n.) 一小撮、一縷頭髮
* 常用 `a lock of hair`。
* She kept a lock of hair from her first child as a precious memory. (她保留了第一胎孩子的一縷頭髮，作為珍貴的回憶。)
* Instantly (adv.) 立即、即刻
* 同義詞有 `immediately`。
* When the fire alarm went off, everyone in the office instantly stopped working. (當火警鈴響起時，辦公室裡的每個人都立即停止了工作。)
* The photos you take with this new camera can be instantly shared on social media. (你用這台新相機拍的照片可以立即在社群媒體上分享。)
* Crumpled (adj.) 皺巴巴的、扭曲的
* 通常形容紙張、衣服或金屬被用力擠壓後留下的皺摺。與 `wrinkled` (皮膚或布料的皺摺) 意思略有不同。動詞形為 `crumple`。
* He pulled a crumpled NT$1,000 bill out of his pocket and handed it to the cashier. (他從口袋裡掏出一張皺巴巴的千元大鈔交給收銀員。)
* The front of the car was crumpled after the accident, but luckily no one was hurt. (車頭在事故後被撞得歪七扭八，但幸好沒人受傷。)
* Banknote (n.) 鈔票、紙幣
* 為**可數名詞**。
* The central bank is going to issue new banknotes with enhanced security features next year. (中央銀行明年將發行具有增強安全防偽功能的新鈔票。)
* The vending machine accepts only banknotes. (這台自動販賣機只收紙鈔。)
* The collector was proud of his collection of rare banknotes from different historical periods. (這位收藏家對自己收藏的來自不同歷史時期的稀有鈔票感到自豪。)
* Represent
* (v.) 代表、象徵
* The white dove is often used to represent peace and hope in many different cultures. (在許多不同的文化中，白鴿常被用來代表和平與希望。)
* The white flag represents surrender. (白旗象徵投降。)
* (v.) 擔任代理人
* The elected officials are supposed to represent the interests of the people who voted for them. (被選出的官員應該代表投票給他們的選民利益。)
* She was chosen to represent our company at the conference. (她被選中代表我們公司出席會議。)
* (v.) 描繪、表現、在地圖或圖表中表示...
* The painting represents a scene from ancient history. (這幅畫描繪了古代歷史的場景。)
* The blue lines represent rivers. (藍線代表河流。)
* Rightfully (adv.) 合法地、正當地、理所當然地
* 強調在法律或道德上是正確且應得的。形容詞為 `rightful`。
* The throne rightfully belonged to the young prince, but his uncle had seized it by force. (王位理所當然地屬於那位年輕王子，但他的叔叔卻用武力奪取了它。)
* After the investigation, the stolen artwork was rightfully returned to its original owner. (調查結束後，失竊的藝術品被合法地歸還給了原主人。)
* Pause (v./n.) 暫停、停頓
* 當名詞使用時，為可數名詞。`without a pause` 指「不停地」。
* Could you please pause the movie? (可以幫我暫停電影嗎？)
* Before answering the difficult question, the professor paused for a moment to think carefully. (在回答那個難題之前，教授停頓了一下以仔細思考。)
* There was an awkward pause in the conversation when neither of them knew what to say next. (當他們兩人都不知道接下來該說什麼時，對話中出現了一段尷尬的停頓。)
* She talked for an hour without a pause. (她連續講了一個小時，沒有停下來。)
* Grin (v./n.) 露齒而笑、咧嘴笑
* 與 `smile` (微笑) 不同，`grin` 通常指笑得比較開，甚至露出牙齒，帶有興奮、滿足或頑皮的感覺。後面常接 `at sb`。`grin from ear to ear` 表「笑得合不攏嘴」。
* Jason grinned widely when he saw the surprise birthday party his friends had planned for him. (當 Jason 看到朋友們為他策劃的驚喜生日派對時，他開心地咧嘴而笑。)
* He grinned at me when he heard the good news. (他聽到好消息時，對我咧嘴而笑。)
* The little boy had a mischievous grin on his face after hiding his sister's favorite toy. (小男孩在藏起姐姐最喜歡的玩具後，臉上掛著頑皮的笑。)
* I assumed things had gone well because he had a big grin on his face. (我想一切進展順利...因為他臉上掛著巨大的笑容。)
* Congratulations (n.) 祝賀、恭喜
* **通常用複數形**。常簡寫為 `congrats`。常見用法為 `congratulations on N/V-ing`。
* Congratulations! You have worked so hard for this achievement, and you truly deserve it. (恭喜！你為了這項成就如此努力，你實至名歸。)
* Congratulations on getting married! (新婚快樂！)
* Please accept my warmest congratulations on your promotion to senior manager. (請接受我對你晉升為高級經理最誠摯的祝賀。)
* Confused (adj.) (人) 感到困惑的、糊塗的
* 常見用法為 `be/feel confused about sth`。若是形容事物讓人困惑，則使用 `confusing`。動詞形為 `confuse`。
* Many students felt confused about the complex instructions given by the teacher. (許多學生對老師給出的複雜指令感到困惑。)
* I’m a bit confused; could you explain the rules of the game to me one more time? (我有點糊塗了，你能再跟我解釋一次遊戲規則嗎？)
* Crew (n.) 全體工作人員、隊員
* 為集合名詞，指一組共同工作的人，後面接單數 (視為整體) 或複數 (強調成員個體) 動詞皆可。`a film/camera/cabin crew` 指「電影/攝影/機組人員」。
* The entire flight crew worked together to ensure the safety and comfort of all the passengers. (全體機組人員共同努力，以確保所有乘客的安全與舒適。)
* The crew is working hard. (全體工作人員正努力工作。)
* A rescue crew was sent to the mountain to look for the hikers who had gone missing in the storm. (一支救援隊被派往山上，尋找在暴風雨中失蹤的登山者。)
* Microphone (n.) 麥克風、話筒
* 為**可數名詞**。口語上常簡稱為 `mic`。`speak/talk into the microphone` 表「對著麥克風說話」。
* The reporter held the microphone close to the witness to record her statement clearly. (記者將麥克風靠近證人，以便清晰地記錄她的陳述。)
* Please speak into the microphone. (請對著麥克風說話。)
* Emerge (v.) 出現、浮現、顯露
* 描述人/物從隱蔽處顯露出來、人/物從不為人知變得知名或脫穎而出、新的現象/問題/事實被發現或變得明顯。常見搭配為 `emerge from N` (從...出來)、`emerge as N` (作為某種身分出現)。
* New details about the historical event started to emerge as historians studied the old letters. (隨著歷史學家研究那些舊信件，關於那起歷史事件的新細節開始浮現。)
* It emerged that she had lied to her employers. (真相大白，原來她對雇主撒了謊。)
* Important questions about the environment are emerging. (有關環境的重要問題正在湧現。)
* The sun slowly emerged from behind the thick clouds after the heavy rain stopped. (大雨停止後，太陽慢慢地從厚厚的雲層後面露了出來。)
* The young artist emerged as a prominent figure. (這位年輕藝術家開始嶄露頭角，成為重要人物。)
* Explain (v.) 解釋、說明
* 常見結構為 `explain sth to sb`、`explain why/how/that 子句`。
* Could you explain the meaning of this complex English poem to me? (你能向我解釋這首複雜的英文詩的意思嗎？)
* The teacher used a simple diagram to explain how the water cycle works in nature. (老師用一張簡單的圖解來解釋大自然中的水循環是如何運作的。)
* It’s difficult to explain why I made such a silly mistake during the interview. (很難解釋為什麼我在面試中犯了這麼愚蠢的錯誤。)
* Social
* (adj.) 社會的、與社會有關的
* Social divisions in the city are stark. (城市的社會階層分明。)
* Poverty and unemployment are major social problems that require urgent attention from the government. (貧困與失業是需要政府緊急關注的主要社會問題。)
* (adj.) 社交的；(人) 善於交際的、好交際的
* `social butterfly` 指「社交高手、交際花」。
* I spend way too much time on social media. (我花了太多時間在社群軟體上。)
* I had an active social life when I was at college. (我念大學時，社交生活很豐富。)
* Alana is very social and loves meeting new people. (Alana 非常喜歡社交，熱愛結交新朋友。)
* (adj.) 群居的
* Bees are known as social insects because they live and work together in organized colonies. (蜜蜂被稱為群居昆蟲，因為牠們在有組織的群落中共同生活與工作。)
* Experiment (n./v.) 實驗、試驗
* 為**可數名詞**。常見用法為 `conduct/perform/run/do an experiment`，後面可接 `on sth` (對...做實驗)、`with sth` (以...做實驗)、`in 領域`。`by experiment` 指「通過實驗」。
* The scientists are conducting a series of experiments to test the effectiveness of the new medicine. (科學家們正在進行一系列實驗，以測試新藥的療效。)
* The project is an experiment in alternative education. (這專案是一個另類教育的試驗。)
* They found the answer by experiment. (他們通過實驗找到了答案。)
* It is unethical to experiment on human beings. (在人類身上做實驗是不道德的。)
* It’s okay to experiment with different cooking styles to find what tastes best to you. (嘗試不同的烹飪風格以找到最適合你的口味是可以的。)
* Offer (v./n.) 提供、提議
* 作為動詞時，常見用法為 `offer sb sth` 或 `offer to VR`。
* Our school offers classes at night. (我們學校提供夜間課程。)
* The company offered Candy a high-paying job in their New York office, but she decided to stay here. (公司在紐約辦公室提供給 Candy 一份高薪工作，但她決定留下來。)
* He offered to help me move. (他主動提出要幫我搬家。)
* Thank you for your offer of help, but I think I can handle this project on my own. (謝謝你提議幫忙，但我想我可以獨自處理這個企劃。)
* After considering several job offers, I accepted the position. (考慮了幾份工作機會後，我接受了該職位。)
* Apartment (n.) 公寓
* `studio apartment` 指「單間公寓」、「開放式套房」，指將臥室、客廳和廚房結合在一個開放空間的租房房型，僅衛浴獨立隔開，常見於北美與留學租屋。
* After graduating from college, Peter moved into a small apartment near his new workplace. (大學畢業後，Peter 搬進了新工作地點附近的一間小公寓。)
* The rent for a two-bedroom apartment in the city center has increased significantly over the past year. (市中心兩房一廳公寓的租金在過去一年中顯著上漲。)
* Training (n.) 訓練、培訓
* 指學習某種技能的過程，如 `job/vocational/physical training` (工作/職業/體能訓練)，為**不可數名詞**。
* All new employees are required to undergo two weeks of intensive training before they start work. (所有新員工在開始工作前都必須接受為期兩週的密集培訓。)
* To become a professional pilot, one must complete hundreds of hours of flight training. (要成為一名職業飛行員，必須完成數百小時的飛行訓練。)
* Long (v.) 渴望、熱望
* 常見用法為 `long for N / to VR`。
* After being away from home for so long, the soldier longed to see his family again. (在離家這麼久之後，那名士兵渴望能再次見到家人。)
* Many people living in crowded cities long for the peace and quiet of the countryside. (許多住在擁擠城市的人渴望鄉村的寧靜與祥和。)
* I have been longing for a chance to discuss this project with you in person. (我一直渴望有機會能親自與你討論這個企劃。)
* Reply (v./n.) 回答、回覆
* 常接 `to N` 表回覆的對象。
* Sara sent an email to the company yesterday, but she hasn't received a reply yet. (Sara 昨天發了封郵件給公司，但還沒收到回覆。)
* When I asked him if he was coming to the party, he replied with a simple "maybe." (當我問他是否要來參加派對時，他只簡單回了一句「或許吧」。)
* Please reply to my email. (請回覆我的郵件。)
* Feed
* (v.) 餵食、供養
* The mother bird spends most of her day searching for insects to feed her hungry chicks. (母鳥一整天的大部分時間都在尋找昆蟲來餵養飢餓的小鳥。)
* Growing up in a poor family, Jack often had to work multiple jobs just to feed himself. (在貧困家庭長大，Jack 經常要打好幾份工才能養活自己。)
* (v.) 供給、提供
* `feed sth into sth` 指「將資料、能源輸入進...」。
* The river feeds the lake. (這條河流注入這個湖。)
* You need to feed the data into the system before you can generate the final report. (在產出最終報告之前，你需要將數據輸入系統。)
* (n.) 飼料
* 為**不可數名詞**。
* The farmer bought a bag of chicken feed. (農夫買了一袋雞飼料。)
* The chickens need more feed. (雞需要更多飼料。)
* (n.) 動態消息
* 為**可數名詞**。
* I spent an hour scrolling through my feed. (我花了一小時滑動態消息。)
* I subscribed to three news feeds. (我訂閱了三個新聞訊號。)
* Mess
* (v.) 弄亂；干擾
* 常見用法為 `mess up sth` (弄亂、搞砸)、`mess with sb/sth` (招惹、干擾、胡亂擺弄)。
* Don't mess up my room. (別弄亂我的房間。)
* I really messed up the interview. (我真的把面試搞砸了。)
* Don't mess with my computer while I'm away; I have some very important files open. (我不在的時候別動我的電腦；我有一些非常重要的檔案開著。)
* If you keep messing with that beehive, you're going to get stung eventually. (如果你繼續去招惹那個蜂巢，你最終會被螫的。)
* (n.) 凌亂、混亂的狀態、困境
* 為**可數名詞**。常見用法為 `in a mess`、`clean up the mess`。
* My life was a total mess after I lost my job, but I’ve finally started to get things back on track. (失業後我的生活一團糟，但我終於開始讓一切步入正軌。)
* The economy is in a mess. (經濟狀況一團糟。)
* It took hours to clean up the mess. (清理這場混亂花了好幾個小時。)
* Conditional (adj.) 有條件的
* 後面可接 `on/upon N/V-ing` 表「視...而定」。反義詞為 `unconditional`。
* The bank gave him a conditional loan approval, meaning he still needs to provide more financial documents. (銀行給了他有條件的貸款核准，這意味著他仍需提供更多財務文件。)
* The offer is conditional on a medical check-up. (此報價以健康檢查結果為前提。)
* Their approval is conditional upon the contract being signed. (他們的批准取決於合約是否簽署。)
* A mother's love for her children is usually unconditional, lasting through all the ups and downs of life. (母親對孩子的愛通常是無條件的，貫穿生活的起伏。)
* Charity
* (n.) 慈善、施捨；慈悲、仁愛、寬待
* 為不可數**名詞**。
* After the earthquake, many people donated money and clothes out of charity. (地震過後，許多人出於慈善之心捐款捐物。)
* "I don't need your charity!" the proud man shouted when the stranger tried to give him money. (當陌生人試圖給他錢時，那名高傲的男子大喊：「我不需要你的施捨！」)
* She regards his faults with charity. (她寬容地對待他的錯誤。)
* (n.) 慈善機構
* 為可數**名詞**。
* Alana supports several local charities that provide food and shelter for the homeless. (Alana 支持幾家為無家可歸者提供食物和住所的當地慈善機構。)
* Self-worth (n.) 自我價值感、自尊
* 為**不可數名詞**。常與 `a sense of` 連用。
* You shouldn't let other people's negative comments define your self-worth. (你不應該讓別人的負面評論來定義你的自我價值。)
* Accomplishing small goals every day can help build a strong sense of self-worth and confidence. (每天達成小目標有助於建立強烈的自我價值感與自信。)
* Determine
* (v.) 下定決心、決定
* 常見用法為 `determine to VR`、`be determined to VR`。
* She determined then and there that she would never let anyone treat her with disrespect again. (她當下就下定決心，再也不讓任何人對她無禮。)
* Despite many failures, the young athlete was determined to win a gold medal in the next Olympics. (儘管經歷多次失敗，這位年輕運動員仍下定決心要在下屆奧運奪金。)
* (v.) 判定
* `determine the cause of sth` 指「判定某事的起因」。
* The police are still working to determine the exact cause of the fire that broke out last night. (警方仍在努力判定昨晚發生火災的確切原因。)
* Fate (n.) 命運、結局
* 通常為**不可數名詞**。若指特定的結局，則可當可數名詞使用。
* It was fate that we met. (是命運讓我們相遇。)
* No one knows what fate has in store for them, so we should cherish every moment we have. (沒人知道命運為他們準備了什麼，所以我們應該珍惜擁有的每一刻。)
* His fate is in your hands. (他的命運掌握在你手中。)
* The building suffered the same fate as the rest of the neighborhood and was destroyed in the fire. (這棟大樓遭遇了與社區其他部分同樣的命運，在火災中被毀了。)
* Better (v.) 改善、使更好
* 雖然 `better` 常作形容詞，但在本文中作為及物動詞，意思等同於 `improve`。
* He worked two jobs to better his family's living conditions and provide his children with a good education. (他打兩份工來改善家人的生活條件，並為孩子提供良好的教育。)
* If you want to better yourself, you should read more books and learn new skills. (如果你想讓自己變得更好，你應該多讀書並學習新技能。)
作文百句 46 片語整理
## 片語
* Scratch an itch 抓癢；滿足渴望、慾望
* 除字面意義外，也可以指滿足內心深處長久以來的某種強烈渴望、愛好或癮頭。
* I had a literal itch on my back, but I couldn't reach it to scratch it. (我背上真的有個地方在癢，但我抓不到。)
* After weeks of wanting a new gaming laptop, Alana finally bought one to scratch that itch. (在渴望買新電競筆電好幾週後，Alana 終於買了一台來滿足那個心癢難耐的慾望。)
* The chef is always looking for new ingredients to scratch his itch for culinary creativity. (主廚總是在尋找新食材，以滿足他對烹飪創意的渴望。)
* Lock onto N 鎖定某物、目標
* 特別指「視線」、「雷達」、「飛彈」緊緊鎖定一個目標。
* As soon as her husband walked into the room, Alana’s eyes locked onto him and never moved away. (當她丈夫一走進房間，Alana 的眼睛就鎖定了他，再也沒移開。)
* The camera’s autofocus system locked onto the actor's face as he moved across the stage. (相機的自動對焦系統在演員穿過舞台時鎖定了他的臉。)
* The heat-seeking missile was able to lock onto the target even in the middle of a thick fog. (熱感應飛彈即使在濃霧中也能鎖定目標。)
* Call out to sb 向某人大聲呼喊、叫住某人
* When Timmy saw his old friend across the busy street, he called out to him and waved his hand. (當 Timmy 在繁忙的街道對面看到老友時，他向他大聲呼喊並揮手。)
* The teacher called out to the students who were still running on the playground after the bell rang. (鈴響後，老師叫住了那些還在操場上奔跑的學生。)
* Turn around 轉身、轉過頭；(局面) 好轉
* 本意是指身體的旋轉，引申為情況好轉。
* The stranger turned around quickly when he heard someone calling from behind him. (當那名陌生人聽到後面有人喊他時，迅速地轉過身來。)
* With the help of the new manager, the company's financial situation finally started to turn around. (在新經理的幫助下，公司的財務狀況終於開始好轉。)
* Leo turned his family business around after introducing a new menu. (Leo 引入新菜單後，扭轉了家族事業的劣勢。)
* Make one's (own) way 走自己的路、自食其力
* 強調不依靠他人的施捨或幫助，透過自己的努力在社會上立足。
* After leaving his parents' house, Jeremy worked hard to make his own way in the competitive business world. (離開父母家後，Jeremy 努力在競爭激烈的商界自食其力。)
* Jack preferred to make his own way rather than accept what he called "conditional charity." (Jack 寧願走自己的路，也不願接受他所說的「有條件的施捨」。)
* Make one's (own) way
* 前往、動身去某處
* 後面可接 `to/towards/back + 目的地`。
* After the meeting ended, everyone began to make their way to the cafeteria for lunch. (會議結束後，大家開始前往餐廳吃午餐。)
* People started making their way towards the exit after the movie. (電影結束後，人們開始往出口方向前進。)
* 費力、緩慢前進
* 強調移動的過程。
* We slowly made our way down the river. (我們慢慢地沿河而下。)
* She made her way through the crowd. (她穿過人群前進。)
* We slowly made our way through the thick forest, trying to find the hidden path. (我們緩慢地穿過茂密的森林，試圖尋找那條隱藏的小徑。)
* 獲得成功
* He had to make his own way in the world. (他必須在社會上靠自己闖出一片天。)
* It is difficult for young artists to make their own way in such a competitive industry. (年輕藝術家要在競爭如此激烈的產業中自食其力出人頭地是很困難的。)
* Then and there 當時當地、當下
* 強調事情發生或下決定的瞬間，帶有一種堅定的語氣。
* When she saw the puppy abandoned in the rain, she decided then and there to take it home. (當她看到小狗被遺棄在雨中時，她當下就決定帶它回家。)
* Sammy realized he was in love with Alana then and there, as they studied together under the moonlight. (當他們在月光下一起學習時，Sammy 就在那瞬間意識到自己愛上了 Alana。)
* Decide one's fate 決定某人的命運、結局
* The jury spent three days deliberating before they finally decided the prisoner's fate. (陪審團在最終決定囚犯的命運前，花了三天的時間進行商議。)
* Ultimately, your hard work and attitude will decide your fate in this company. (最終，你的努力和態度將決定你在這家公司的前途。)
作文百句 46 文法整理
## 文法
### `Rather than` 是…而不是…
`rather than` 可以放句首或句中。作**連接詞**時，連接的兩個部分須為**對等結構**。
* I prefer *\[tea]* rather than *\[coffee]*.
* For exercise, I *\[walk]* rather than *\[run]*.
* Rather than *\[let]* others decide his fate, Jack *\[took]* control of his own life.
* It is better to *\[speak up]* rather than *\[remain silent]*.
* He enjoys *\[running]* rather than *\[swimming]*.
* The task was *\[rewarding]* rather than *\[exhausting]*.
* He talks *\[slowly]* rather than *\[quickly]*.
* It would be better to go *\[in October]* rather than *\[in July]*.
* We should define our self-worth *\[by our actions]* rather than *\[by what others say]*.
其他關於 `rather than` 的搭配用法詳見[此處](https://onlinelibrary.gitbook.io/english/composition/zuo-wen-bai-ju-125#zuo-wen-bai-ju-21-wen-fa-zheng-li)。
{% hint style="warning" %}
#### `rather than` vs. `instead of`
`rather than` 強調「偏好」，通常作對等連接詞使用；`instead of` 則強調「取代」的概念，為介係詞，後面接 `N/V-ing`。`rather than` 也可以當介係詞，此時它的意思和用法與 `instead of` 相同，但一般情況下還是更常作對等連接詞使用。
{% endhint %}
作文百句 46 補充資料
## 寫作補給站
以下補充一些與本文主題相關的詞彙。
* Exploit
* (v.) 剝削
* 指不公平地利用他人，通常為了獲取私利或剝削勞力。
* Many unscrupulous companies were criticized for exploiting child labor in their overseas factories. (許多不肖公司因在其海外工廠剝削童工而受到批評。)
* The company is known for exploiting its employees and not paying for overtime. (這家公司以剝削員工且不付加班費聞名。)
* (v.) 充分利用 (資源、機會、漏洞)
* To win the game, you must learn how to exploit your opponent's weaknesses while protecting your own. (要贏得比賽，你必須學會如何利用對方的弱點，同時保護自己的弱點。)
* We need to exploit our full potential. (我們需要發揮全部潛能。)
* The company exploited a tax loophole to avoid paying millions. (該公司利用稅法漏洞避稅數百萬。)
* (n.) 豐功偉績
* **通常用複數形**** ****`exploits`**。
* The documentary detailed the legendary explorer's daring exploits in the Arctic circle. (這部紀錄片詳細描述了那位傳奇探險家在北極圈的英勇事蹟。)
* She told us about her exploits during her backpacking trip. (她向我們講述了她背包旅行時的奇遇。)
* Dehumanize (v.) 使失去人性、使非人化、剝奪人性
* 指將人視為機器、物品或動物，剝奪其尊嚴、情感或自主權。
* The war has dehumanized the soldiers. (戰爭已使士兵們失去人性。)
* These workers felt dehumanized by the harsh working conditions. (這些工人覺得在艱苦的工作環境下被非人化了。)
* Using a homeless person as an unwitting subject in a hidden camera show can dehumanize them for entertainment. (將無家可歸者作為偷拍節目的無意識受試者，會為了娛樂而將他們非人化。)
* The system tends to dehumanize patients by treating them as mere numbers on a medical chart. (該系統傾向於將病人視為醫療圖表上的數字，從而剝奪他們的人性。)
* Kindness (n.) 善良、仁慈
* 為**不可數名詞**。`an act of kindness` 指「一項善舉」。
* I will never forget the kindness you showed me during the most difficult time of my life. (我永遠不會忘記在我生命中最艱難的時期，你對我展現的仁慈。)
* He offered to drive me to the airport out of pure kindness, not because he wanted anything in return. (他純粹是出於好意才提出送我去機場，而不是因為想要任何回報。)
* Helping the elderly woman carry her groceries was a simple act of kindness that made her day. (幫助老太太提雜物是一件簡單的善舉，這讓她開心了一整天。)
* Generosity (n.) 慷慨、大方
* 指願意分享金錢、時間或資源的精神，為**不可數名詞**。意思與 `kindness` 略有不同。
* 後面可接 `to/towards sb` (對某人慷慨)、`in sth` (在某事上很慷慨)。`an act of generosity` 指「一項慷慨的行為」。
* The local community was overwhelmed by the generosity of the anonymous donor who funded the new library. (當地社區對那位資助新圖書館的匿名捐贈者的慷慨感到驚訝不已。)
* His generosity to the poor is well known. (他對窮人的慷慨為人所熟知。)
* I am deeply grateful for your generosity in sharing your expertise with the entire team. (我對你慷慨地與整個團隊分享專業知識深表感謝。)
* Ego (n.) 自我、自尊心
* 為**可數名詞**。常見搭配如下：
* `boost one's ego` 增加自信心
* Getting the promotion really boosted his ego, making him feel much more confident in his abilities. (這次晉升大大提升了他的自尊心，讓他對自己的能力更有自信。)
* `feed one's ego` 滿足虛榮心
* That applause really fed his ego. (那陣掌聲真的滿足了他的虛榮心。)
* Flattering the manager just to get a favor is a common way to feed his ego. (為了得到好處而奉承經理，是滿足他虛榮心的常見方式。)
* `bruise one's ego` 打擊自信、打擊自尊心
* This remark really bruised my ego. (這句話確實傷害了我的自尊心。)
* Losing the game seriously bruised his ego. (輸掉比賽極大地挫傷了他的自尊心。)
* `ego trip` 自我膨脹、自戀行為
* 常與 `on`/`go on` 搭配。
* His long speech was just an ego trip, full of self-praise. (他冗長的演講只是一場自我膨脹，充滿自我吹噓。)
* She has been on an ego trip since she got the promotion. (她升職後就一直自我膨脹。)
* Sorry, I guess I'm on another ego trip. (抱歉，我想我又在自吹自擂了。)
* Some celebrities have a fragile ego and cannot handle even the slightest bit of criticism from the public. (有些名人自尊心脆弱，連公眾最輕微的批評都受不了。)
* He has a huge ego and always thinks he's right. (他自我意識很強，總覺得自己是對的。)
* Self-reliant (adj.) 自食其力的、自立的
* 強調不依靠他人，靠自己的能力生活。
* Jack’s decision to return to the street showed his desire to remain self-reliant rather than become a puppet for a show. (Jack 決定回到街頭，展現了他渴望保持自立，而非成為節目的傀儡。)
* To truly help the poor, we should provide them with the tools to become self-reliant in the long term. (為了真正幫助窮人，我們應該提供讓他們能長期自食其力的工具。)
* Rags-to-riches (adj.) 白手起家、由貧至富
* `rags` 指破爛的布料。
* The film tells the rags-to-riches story of a young street performer. (這部電影講述了一位年輕街頭藝人白手起家的故事。)
* Her rags-to-riches journey inspires millions to pursue their dreams. (她的逆襲人生激勵了數百萬人去追求夢想。)
* His story is a classic example of going **from rags to riches**. (他的故事是從貧困到富有的經典例子。)
* In rags 衣衫襤褸
* After the long war, many refugees were found wandering the streets in rags and starving for food. (長年的戰爭後，許多難民被發現穿著破爛、在街頭流浪並飢餓求食。)
* The character in the play starts out in rags but eventually becomes the king through wisdom and courage. (劇中的角色一開始衣衫襤褸，但最終透過智慧與勇氣成為了國王。)
* Strings attached 附帶條件、有附加限制
* 通常用於協議、贈與或提議中。
* I'll lend you the money, no strings attached. (我會借你這筆錢，不用任何回報/無條件。)
* Most of these special offers come with strings attached. (這些特價優惠通常都帶有附加限制。)
* True kindness should be given freely with no strings attached. (真正的善意應該是不附加任何條件的。)
## 47.
1. In the not-so-distant past, I used to **hang out** a lot with my best friend, Teddy. Instead of **engaging in** casual chitchats about life, we mostly sat back-to-back, focusing our attention on different online activities, such as playing Minecraft or watching **amusing** videos on YouTube. **Little did we expect** that the **outbreak** of **pandemic** could **drastically** change our lives.
2. We were forced to stay home for **numerous** weeks and could no longer interact with each other **in person**. As time went by, smartphones could **no longer** satisfy me, and I started to miss Teddy so badly. **Accordingly**, I dialed the number and **had a video chat with him**. As soon as our faces appeared on each other's screens, we, even with face masks on, could **barely repress** our excitement and **enthusiastically** shared what had recently happened to us.
3. It wasn't until this moment **that** we realized we hadn't really known each other that well. We made it a deal to pursue mutual hobbies other than **gluing our eyes to** smartphones in future meetings **once** this **quarantine** was over. From my **perspective**, this seemingly unfortunate disaster could be regarded as **a blessing in disguise**.
## 48.
1. Before COVID-19, people were **physically** close but **mentally** apart, **tending to bury themselves in respective** tasks and take each other for granted. They **were indifferent to** the feelings of those around them and **trapped** in the **virtual** world of smartphones.
2. After COVID-19, many people around the world **were deprived of** loved ones and some couldn't even have the chance to say goodbye to their relatives or friends. In my opinion, COVID-19 **serves as** a wake-up call, reminding the fortunate ones in the world to show their **concern for** and express timely **gratitude to** those who truly matter. Hopefully, people can **glean the silver lining in this dark cloud** and appreciate dear ones rather than **being hijacked** by **technological devices**.
## 49.
1. **Given** the choice of joining Emily for rock climbing or Ted to run five kilometers, I would choose **the latter**. For me, this would be an easy choice because I'm an **avid** runner. At least twice a week, I go jogging **on the track** at my school. However, running by myself can be a bit boring. I think it would be **marvelous** to join Ted and run together. Having a friend to talk to would make jogging more enjoyable. **In contrast**, since rock climbing is not my thing, I'm not interested enough to **make** the effort to get good at it.
2. Usually, when I go jogging, I run about two or three kilometers **at a time**. Running five kilometers would be a **stretch** for me, but with a bit of practice, I'm sure I could **meet** the challenge. I would work up to it **gradually**, pushing myself to jog a bit more each time until I could **manage** a five-kilometer run. To **facilitate** this, I would also **make** the effort to lose a bit of weight. This would make it easier for me to **accomplish** my goal.
## 50.
1. Kyle and his father are both book lovers. They have **tons of** books, and have even **set aside** a room in the house as a library. Their library was messy, **though**, because it was not well **organized**. One day, Kyle decided to **sort through** some old books, with **some** to be **donated** and some to be sold at a **flea** market.
2. **Included** in the box of books for the **flea** market was a red-**covered** book **belonging to** his dad. At the market, not many people showed an interest **in** buying anything from Kyle. Finally a girl **purchased** the red-**covered** book **for** NT$100. The red book was the only **sale** Kyle made that day. He felt **discouraged** and decided to **pack up** early.
3. Later that evening, Kyle's father asked him **whether** he **had seen** his red-**covered** book. Kyle told him that he **had sold** the book at the **flea** market and thought it was **no big deal**. Much to Kyle's surprise, his father started yelling and shouting. Kyle didn't understand why his father was so upset. He then learned that his dad had **stashed** ten NT$1,000 bills inside the book **in case of** an emergency.